CN109534880B

CN109534880B - Fertilizer for camellia azalea and method for planting camellia azalea

Info

Publication number: CN109534880B
Application number: CN201811609881.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱报著; 杨会肖; 潘文; 廖焕琴; 杨晓慧; 徐放; 徐斌; 张卫华; 王裕霞
Original assignee: Guangdong Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Guangdong Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2018-12-27
Filing date: 2018-12-27
Publication date: 2021-10-12
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-27
Also published as: CN109534880A

Abstract

The invention relates to a fertilizer for camellia azalea and a planting method of camellia azalea. The fertilizer for the camellia azalea comprises the following elements in concentration ratio: n: 8-33g/L, P: 0-4g/L, K: 0-20g/L, Ca: 9-12g/L, Mg: 1.3-1.9g/L, Cu: 6-10mg/L, Zn: 29-40mg/L, Fe: 124-167mg/L, Mn: 1.2-1.8g/L, B: 5.6-8 mg/L. The fertilizer for the camellia azalea is used for planting the camellia azalea, can effectively promote the growth of the camellia azalea, promotes the plant height and the crown growth, accelerates the rapid forming of seedlings, increases the flower quantity, advances the flowering, shortens the cultivation time and improves the ornamental value.

Description

Fertilizer for camellia azalea and method for planting camellia azalea

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant fertilizers, in particular to a fertilizer for camellia azalea and a method for planting camellia azalea.

Background

Camellia sinensis (Camellia azalea), also known as Camellia japonica, is a evergreen shrub belonging to the genus Camellia of the family Theaceae. The single leaf, alternate or near recurrent, usually gathers on the top of the small branch, is leather, narrow and inverted egg-shaped or inverted needle-shaped, 5.5-12 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, round tip, wedge-shaped base, full edge, thick and strong middle vein, convex two sides, and fine side vein; the petiole is 6-15 mm long. The flowers are amphoteric, and grow singly, or 2-5 flowers gather at the top end of the small branch, and the diameter of the flower is more than 10 cm; the petals are bright red, 6-9 pieces are arranged in a tile-covered manner, the petals are inverted and are needle-shaped, the length is 4.5-8 cm, the width is 2.5-4.5 cm, the front end is deep concave, and the base part is gradually narrowed to form a short handle; the stamens are most, the length is 2.5-4 cm, 4 rounds of arrangement are realized, and no hair exists; the anther is yellow, broad and round, basic; ovaries are oval or conical, hairless, 2-4 chambers, slender style, and unobvious stigma. The capsule is in a spherical shape, has 2-3 edges and 2-2.2 cm long, and is smooth; brown seeds, oval, no wings. The flowering period is almost all the year, and the fruit period is 3-5 months or 8-9 months.

The camellia azalea is naturally distributed in a Honghua pond power station of a Yangchun City Yanghuangtu river peak provincial natural protection area of Guangdong province, is about 2500 meters long, is in a narrow and long zone of 5-10 meters at the edge of a river, is in a sporadic distribution state with the altitude of 50-120 meters, has less than 1000 plants in the original land, is listed as a critical species (CR) by the red famous records of Chinese species, and is called as pandas in the plant kingdom.

The camellia azalea has compact plant type and dark green leaf color, the flowering period starts to flower from the middle ten days of 4 months and lasts to the next 2 months, the full-bloom period is respectively 5-7 months and 9-11 months, the flower diameter is more than 10 cm, the petals are bright red, the full-bloom period is full of trees and flowers, the green leaves of the safflower show out each other, the stress resistance is strong, the camellia azalea belongs to a treasure in the camellia genus, has the name of 'famous flowers in the world', and is an excellent ornamental flower; has the advantages of multiple flowering periods, colorful flowers and the like, is an excellent material for carrying out interspecific hybridization control pollination and cultivating new camellia varieties and has high scientific research value. The flower pot is suitable for open field cultivation for appreciation in parks, courtyards, districts and landscape forests in the south of Zhejiang, can be potted for flower bed landscape and indoor decoration application, or can be used as a fresh cut flower material, has multiple utilization modes and high economic value, and is an excellent ornamental flower with development and application prospects. However, under natural growth conditions, the plant height and crown growth per year are small, the flowering phase is late, and the flower quantity is small, so that a method for promoting the growth of camellia azalea is necessary to be researched, so that the purposes of promoting the plant height and crown growth, quickly forming seedlings, increasing the flower quantity, blooming in advance, shortening the cultivation time and improving the ornamental value are achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the fertilizer, the invention provides the fertilizer for the camellia azalea, which can promote the growth of the camellia azalea, the plant height and the crown growth and increase the flower quantity.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a fertilizer for camellia azalea comprises the following elements in concentration ratio:

N：8-33g/L，P：0-4g/L，K：0-20g/L，Ca：9-12g/L，Mg：1.3-1.9g/L，Cu：6-10mg/L， Zn：29-40mg/L，Fe：124-167mg/L，Mn：1.2-1.8g/L，B：5.6-8mg/L。

in some embodiments, the fertilizer for camellia azalea comprises the following elements in concentration ratio:

N：19.5-32g/L，P：0.9-4g/L，K：4-20g/L，Ca：9-12g/L，Mg：1.3-1.9g/L，Cu：6-10mg/L， Zn：29-40mg/L，Fe：124-167mg/L，Mn：1.2-1.8g/L，B：5.6-8mg/L。

N：31.5-32g/L，P：0.9-1.1g/L，K：15.5-16.2g/L，Ca：10-11g/L，Mg：1.6-1.7g/L，Cu： 9-10mg/L，Zn：38.5-40mg/L，Fe：165-167mg/L，Mn：1.2-1.4g/L，B：5.6-6mg/L。

N：31.68g/L，P：0.98g/L，K：15.94g/L，Ca：10.5g/L，Mg：1.624g/L，Cu：9.28mg/L， Zn：39.2mg/L，Fe：166.08mg/L，Mn：1.30g/L，B：5.82mg/L。

N：19.8-20.2g/L，P：2.3-2.5g/L，K：19.8-20.2g/L，Ca：10-11g/L，Mg：1.6-1.7g/L，Cu： 9-10mg/L，Zn：38.5-40mg/L，Fe：165-167mg/L，Mn：1.2-1.4g/L，B：5.6-6mg/L。

N：20g/L，P：2.4g/L，K：20g/L，Ca：10.5g/L，Mg：1.624g/L，Cu：9.28mg/L，Zn： 39.2mg/L，Fe：166.08mg/L，Mn：1.30g/L，B：5.82mg/L。

in some of these examples, the feedstock used to provide N, P, K is urea, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the urea to the potassium nitrate to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 13-14:8.5-9.5: 1.

In some embodiments, the raw materials for providing Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, B are, in order: calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, anhydrous copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid.

The invention also provides a method for planting the camellia azalea, which comprises the following specific technical scheme:

a method for planting camellia azalea comprises the following steps: the fertilizer for camellia azalea is applied in the growth period of camellia azalea.

In some embodiments, the fertilizer for camellia azalea is diluted by 40-50 times and applied to the roots of camellia azalea plants in the following specific application amounts: when the height of the seedling is 15-20cm and the crown width is 10-15cm, the dosage of each plant is 5-6 ml; when the height of the seedling is 30-40cm and the crown width is 15-25cm, the dosage of each plant is 8-9 ml; when the height of the seedling is 50-60cm and the crown width is 25-40cm, the dosage of each plant is 11-13 ml.

In some of these embodiments, the fertilizer is applied for a time period of: before 9 am, or after 5 pm, fertilize 6-8 times a year.

The inventor discovers that the specific components (element types and dosage) of the fertilizer have great influence on the growth and flowering conditions of camellia azalea in the planting process of camellia azalea, further designs a large number of fertilizer formulas, researches the effects of the fertilizer formulas, and finally screens the fertilizer formulas to obtain the camellia azalea fertilizer. Depending on the huge flower market in south China, particularly the demand of the masses on good ornamental flowers, the fertilizer disclosed by the invention is used for planting the camellia azalea, so that good social benefit, ecological benefit and economic benefit can be obtained.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the application of the fertilizer prepared in comparative example 1 to the plants obtained by planting camellia azalea;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the fertilizer prepared in example 1 for camellia sinensis plantation;

FIG. 3 shows the fertilizer prepared in example 1 applied to plants obtained by planting camellia azalea.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

Example 1

The element formula of the fertilizer for the camellia azalea provided by the embodiment comprises the following components:

macroelements: n: 31.68g/L, P: 0.98g/L, K: 15.94 g/L;

trace elements: ca: 10.5g/L, Mg: 1.624g/L, Cu: 9.28mg/L, Zn: 39.2mg/L, Fe: 166.08mg/L, Mn: 1.30g/L, B: 5.82 mg/L.

The fertilizer of the present example was prepared from the following raw materials (table 1, taking preparation of 1L of fertilizer mother liquor as an example):

TABLE 1 Fertilizer formulation for Rhododendron simsii Rolfe tea

Examples 2 to 14

The fertilizers for camellia azalea of examples 2-14 were formulated with the raw materials of table 1 of example 1, the elemental formulations of the fertilizers are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2 Rhododendron and Camellia japonica fertilizer formula composition

Comparative example 1

The raw materials in the table 1 of the example 1 are used for preparing the fertilizer for the camellia azalea of the comparative example 1, and the element formula of the fertilizer comprises the following components:

macroelements: n: 0g/L, P: 2.4g/L, K: 10 g/L;

trace elements: ca: 9.0g/L, Mg: 1.392g/L, Cu: 8.12mg/L, Zn: 34.3mg/L, Fe: 145.32mg/L, Mn: 1.73g/L, B: 7.78 mg/L.

Example 15

The fertilizers prepared in examples 1-14 and comparative example 1 were used for planting camellia azalea.

The application method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps: in the growing season of camellia azalea (specifically 3 months to 10 months), the fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 are respectively applied to the roots of camellia azalea in each treatment group, and the fertilizers are applied before 9 am in sunny days or after 5 pm in the afternoon when the sunlight is weak. The root fertilization concentration is as follows: the fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 were diluted 40 to 50 times, and the amount of fertilizer applied was determined according to the size specification of the plants (in this example, specifically, 15 to 20cm of seedling height, 10 to 15cm of crown width, 5 to 6ml per plant, 30 to 40cm of seedling height, 15 to 25cm of crown width, 8 to 9ml per plant, 50 to 60cm of seedling height, 25 to 40cm of crown width, and 11 to 13ml per plant), 6 to 8 times per year (in this example, specifically, 2 fertilizers were applied in the middle ten days of 2 months to the end 3 months, 2 fertilizers were applied in the middle ten days of 4 months to the end 5 months, 2 fertilizers were applied in the middle ten days of 8 months to the end 9 months, and 2 fertilizers were applied in the middle ten days of 10 months to the end 11 months). In this example, the fertilization time and the fertilization interval time of each treatment group were the same, and the fertilization amount was the same, and there was no significant difference in the growth of the rhododendron tea seedlings subjected to the fertilizer trial experiment for each treatment group before the fertilizers formulated in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 were applied. The trial time of the fertilizer is 320 days.

After 320 days of trial, the average growth (plant height, crown width, high crown ratio, branch number, fresh weight of the whole plant, dry weight of the whole plant) and flowering condition of the camellia azalea of each treatment group were counted. The results are shown in tables 3 and 4.

TABLE 3 average growth statistics of Camellia sinensis after different fertilization treatments

TABLE 4 flowering statistics of Rhododendron anthopogonoides by different fertilization treatments

As can be seen from the results of table 3 and table 4: compared with the comparative example 1, the fertilizer of each embodiment of the invention has a promoting effect on the growth of camellia azalea, the average plant height, average crown width, average branch number and average dry weight average of the fertilizer are all larger than those of the comparative example 1, the average high crown ratio reflecting the excellent form index of the ornamental plant is smaller than that of the comparative example 1, and the flower amount is also better than that of the comparative example 1. By comparing the growth amount with the flower amount, the fertilizer prepared in the example 1 has the most reasonable dosage ratio of each element, the comprehensive effect of the growth amount and the flower amount is the best, the average crown width and the average branch number are obviously different from those of the fertilizer prepared in the comparative example 1, the average plant height, the average crown width, the average branch number and the average dry weight are respectively 28.94 percent, 75 percent, 250 percent and 37.25 percent larger than the proportion 1, the average high crown ratio reflecting the excellent form index of ornamental plants is 26.47 percent smaller than the proportion 1, the flowering plants and the flower amount are respectively 6 more than the proportion 1 and 71 more than the proportion 1, and the growth effect is obvious.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. The fertilizer for the camellia azalea is characterized by comprising the following elements in concentration ratio:

N：31.5-32g/L，P：0.9-1.1g/L，K：15.5-16.2g/L，Ca：10-11g/L，Mg：1.6-1.7g/L，Cu：9-10mg/L，Zn：38.5-40mg/L，Fe：165-167mg/L，Mn：1.2-1.4g/L，B：5.6-6mg/L。

2. the fertilizer for camellia azalea as claimed in claim 1, wherein raw materials for providing N, P, K are urea, potassium nitrate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

3. The fertilizer for camellia azalea according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to the potassium nitrate to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 13-14:8.5-9.5: 1.

4. The fertilizer for camellia azalea according to claim 1, wherein the raw material for supplying Ca is calcium chloride.

5. The fertilizer for camellia azalea according to claim 1, wherein the raw material for providing Mg is magnesium chloride.

6. The fertilizer for camellia azalea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material for providing Cu is anhydrous copper sulfate.

7. The fertilizer for camellia azalea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material for providing Zn is zinc sulfate.

8. The fertilizer for camellia azalea according to claim 1, wherein the raw material for providing Fe is ferrous sulfate.

9. The fertilizer for camellia azalea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material for providing Mn is manganese sulfate.

10. The fertilizer for camellia azalea according to claim 1, wherein the raw material for providing B is boric acid.

11. A method for planting camellia azalea is characterized by comprising the following steps: applying the fertilizer for camellia androsaceus as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 10 during a growth period of camellia androsaceus.

12. The method for planting camellia azalea according to claim 11, wherein the fertilizer for camellia azalea according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is diluted by 40 to 50 times and applied to the roots of camellia azalea plants in the following specific application amounts: when the height of the seedling is 15-20cm and the crown width is 10-15cm, the dosage of each plant is 5-6 ml; when the height of the seedling is 30-40cm and the crown width is 15-25cm, the dosage of each plant is 8-9 ml; when the height of the seedling is 50-60cm and the crown width is 25-40cm, the dosage of each plant is 11-13 ml.

13. The method for growing camellia azalea as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein the fertilizer is applied for a time period of: before 9 am, or after 5 pm, fertilize 6-8 times a year.