CN109432634B - Fire fighting method of container type lithium ion battery energy storage system - Google Patents
Fire fighting method of container type lithium ion battery energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/005—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material using nozzles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
- A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator
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- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fire fighting method of a container type lithium ion battery energy storage system. The invention can respectively start three-stage fire extinguishing response in different stages of occurrence and spread of the fire in the energy storage container such as single battery fire, battery module fire, energy storage system fire and the like, and send out three-stage early warning signals, namely, the single battery fire and the fire spread between the battery cabinet and the container are effectively inhibited and blocked by a fire detection fire extinguishing system, a water mist fire extinguishing system, a water spraying and water curtain system, and meanwhile, terminal monitoring personnel adopt different emergency measures through different early warning signals, thereby ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the container type energy storage system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of safety, relates to a fire fighting system, and particularly relates to a fire fighting method capable of realizing three-level fire fighting response and having an early warning function for a container type lithium ion battery energy storage system fire.
Background
In recent years, with the development of smart grid construction, the demand of battery energy storage is increasing. The battery energy storage system has the advantages of peak clipping and valley filling, emergency standby, improvement of electric energy quality and the like. Lithium ion batteries are becoming the most widely used batteries in battery energy storage systems due to their advantages of high energy density, high output power, long charge and discharge life, wide working temperature range, small self-discharge, and the like. Meanwhile, with the increasing of the application demand of battery energy storage, the construction is fast, the characteristics of mobility and the like become new requirements of demanders on the energy storage system, and the container type lithium ion battery energy storage system is produced at the same time. The container type battery energy storage system mainly comprises a battery cabinet, an energy storage bidirectional converter, a control system, a background monitoring and management system and the like. The core component of the container type battery energy storage system is a battery cabinet, and the subunits of the container type battery energy storage system are battery modules. Although the lithium ion battery has excellent performance, under the abuse conditions of overheating, overcharging, short circuit and the like, the internal part of the battery can generate thermal runaway due to heat accumulation, and further fire explosion accidents are caused. Due to the limitations of energy density and space, energy storage containers are generally arranged relatively closely, and no staff monitors the working state in the containers in real time. Therefore, if the batteries in the battery cabinet are not put out a fire and cooled down in time after the batteries are out of control due to thermal runaway, the fire is easy to spread among the battery modules, the battery cabinets and even among the energy storage containers, so that large-scale fire explosion accidents are caused, and great threats are caused to personnel and property safety. Therefore, the development of a fire fighting countermeasure applicable to the container type lithium ion battery energy storage system fire hazard has great significance for guaranteeing the safe operation of the energy storage system.
At the present stage, the fire protection strategies for the container type lithium ion battery energy storage system are few, and the fire protection system loaded by most of the container type battery energy storage systems which are installed is a single gas fire extinguishing system. The existing fire-fighting strategy for the container type battery energy storage system has great defects and shortcomings: (1) most of the existing fire protection strategies are one-stage or two-stage response, most of fire protection systems only aim at the characteristic that batteries are easy to reburn, but the conditions that the batteries are spread among modules after thermal runaway and fire disasters are spread among energy storage cabinets are not considered. (2) CO is mostly adopted as a fire extinguishing agent in the existing fire-fighting strategy2Or heptafluoropropane, and the like, and the battery thermal runaway is a complex process, and the single extinguishing agent has low inhibition efficiency on the battery fire. (3) The existing fire-fighting strategies mostly aim at extinguishing open fire, and the characteristic that the surface temperature of a battery is still high even though the open fire is extinguished is not considered. (4) Since the battery module is a relatively sealed system, conventional shut-downInside the unable battery module that permeates of mode of putting out a fire in the fire strategy, can't realize accurate point-to-point putting out a fire, consequently the fire extinguishing efficiency is low, and the cooling effect is poor.
The invention provides a more intelligent, systematic and efficient fire-fighting strategy aiming at the characteristics of container type lithium ion battery energy storage system fire, namely the fire-fighting strategy has the functions of three-level fire-fighting response and three-level early warning, can rapidly act at the initial stage of lithium ion battery fire, and can carry out early warning, fire-fighting and protective separation at each stage of battery fire spreading.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the defects and shortcomings of a fire fighting system in the container type energy storage unit at present are overcome, the fire fighting method of the container type lithium ion battery energy storage system is provided, and safe operation of the container type energy storage system is guaranteed. The invention aims to solve the problems that: the utility model provides a fire control strategy, through tertiary early warning and tertiary response, lithium ion battery takes place the initial stage of thermal runaway and just puts out a fire point-to-point rapidly in energy storage unit in the container to prevent the propagation of thermal runaway through multiple modes such as liquid cooling and water mist, and is further, through increase safe distance, use water curtain, the effectual flame and the heat of hindering of modes such as water spray fire extinguishing to propagate between the energy storage container, effectively reduce casualties and loss of property, for energy storage system's safe operation insurance driving and protection navigation.
In order to solve the above problems and achieve the above object, the present invention has the technical solution: a fire fighting method for a container type lithium ion battery energy storage system. The fire fighting method mainly comprises a three-level response mechanism which is respectively a first-level response: early warning of thermal runaway, point-to-point fire extinguishing and rapid cooling in the battery module; secondary response: early warning of thermal runaway and rapid fire extinguishing and cooling in the energy storage cabinet; three-stage response: and inhibiting flame propagation among the energy storage containers. The three-level response mechanism is mainly based on an automatic fire extinguishing system and an early warning system.
The early warning system mainly comprises a thermal runaway early warning module in the battery module, a battery cabinet fire early warning module and a container energy storage system fire early warning module.
Wherein, the early warning modules at different positions use different early warning factors and integrate different existing commercial sensors. Early warning factors in the battery module, similar to the early warning module of the battery cabinet, are the content of volatile organic compounds, the amount of smoke and the amount of CO, and a VOC sensor, a smoke sensor, a CO sensor and the like are adopted; the early warning factors of the early warning module of the energy storage type container body are temperature, smoke amount and deformation, and a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor and a stress sensor are adopted.
Furthermore, various sensors, a microcontroller and a communication circuit are integrated in the early warning module, and when the characteristic values detected by the sensors exceed a set threshold value, the early warning module acts to send out early warning signals and control signals to the next stage.
Further, the early warning signals include a first-stage early warning signal, a second-stage early warning signal and a third-stage early warning signal. The early warning signal is sent by wireless transmitter, and the control personnel who is located control terminal can take different rescue measures according to the different early warning signals of receiving.
Furthermore, the wireless signal receiver and the emergency control module integrated with the PLC are arranged on the outer side of the energy storage container body, and when the emergency control module receives a three-level early warning signal sent by the early warning controller, the emergency control module starts a control guide rail system to enable the container which is not in disaster to move horizontally in the direction far away from a fire source, so that the fire is prevented from spreading among the energy storage containers.
The automatic fire extinguishing system comprises a fire detection fire extinguishing system, a water mist fire extinguishing system, an automatic spraying fire extinguishing system, a water curtain fire extinguishing system and other fire extinguishing and fire retarding systems.
Wherein, fire detection fire extinguishing systems mainly includes: the fire-fighting pipeline comprises a fire detection pipe, a storage tank, a miniature pressure sensor, an electromagnetic valve, a high-temperature-resistant fire-fighting pipeline and the like; water mist fire extinguishing system: pipelines, booster pumps, water storage tanks and the like; the water curtain fire extinguishing system mainly comprises a water curtain spray head, a water supply and distribution pipeline, a control valve and the like.
Furthermore, the fire detection pipe body is made of a thermosensitive material, when the external temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the heated and concentrated part on the surface of the pipe body can be melted to form a nozzle, point-to-point fire extinguishment is realized, and the fire detection pipe can rapidly act at the initial stage of thermal runaway of the battery, extinguish the fire or timely cool down; the fire-detecting tube should have a certain pressure resistance. The preset temperature of the fire probe pipe is the temperature of a flame zone 2-3cm above the safety valve when a battery fire occurs, and is 170 +/-10 ℃. The maximum pressure resistance of the fire-detecting pipe is about 3.0-5.0 MPa.
Furthermore, the storage tank of the fire detection and fire extinguishing system is designed in a novel integrated mode, namely the storage tank is divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the middle part is separated from the electromagnetic valve by a steel pressure-resistant pipeline. The upper part and the lower part of the storage tank can be filled with different fire extinguishing media and pressures at the same time. The storage tank is made of carbon fiber composite materials, is light and pressure-resistant, and improves safety while reducing influence on energy density.
Furthermore, the upper and lower parts of the storage tank are communicated by steel pipelines and controlled by electromagnetic valves. The solenoid valve is connected with the microcontroller, and the microcontroller accepts the signal of early warning module and miniature pressure sensor respectively, and when pressure sensor pressure was less than the default and each sensor detected the characteristic factor content in the early warning module and exceeded the threshold value, the solenoid valve started, and fire extinguishing agent passes through the steel pipeline and gets into first half storage tank, releases the fire district by the melting spout of fire detection pipe. A fixing device is arranged between the storage tank and the bottom surface to prevent the storage tank from slipping. And the size of the tank will depend on the amount of fire suppressant used. For example, for a single battery of 159.6Wh, the amount of the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent is about 1.6-1.7kg, i.e., 1.0-1.06L, and the amount of the fire extinguishing agent can be roughly estimated according to the total amount of the battery.
Furthermore, the fire extinguishing medium filled in the fire detection fire extinguishing system is a high-efficiency clean gas fire extinguishing medium, mainly a heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing efficiency, a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent with good temperature reduction effect and the like. The gas fire extinguishing agent needs to be driven by inert gas, the fire detection fire extinguishing system uses nitrogen as driving gas, and the pressure of 2.0-3.0MPa is filled in the storage tank according to different use working conditions according to the NFPA2001 standard.
Wherein, in order to make the faster cooling of battery after putting out a fire, the battery module bottom is equipped with emergent liquid cooling system. The device is controlled by a Battery Management Unit (BMU) system, and the BUM receives an action signal of the early warning module. The thickness of the liquid cooling plate of the emergency liquid cooling system is about 10mm, and the cooling medium is mainly mixed liquid of glycol and water.
Wherein, the pipeline of fine spray fire extinguishing system arranges in the cabinet body of battery cabinet, and the pipeline internal diameter is 4 mm. When the liquid flows in the pipe body, partial heat can be taken away, and the heat runaway propagation can be inhibited. And a water pump of the water mist fire extinguishing system is controlled by a microcontroller in the early warning module. And the microcontroller receives a signal of the secondary early warning system, and when the content of the early warning factor exceeds a threshold value, the water mist water pump is started.
Furthermore, a water storage tank of the water mist fire extinguishing system is made of a corrosion-resistant and pressure-resistant flame-retardant material. The storage water tank is arranged on the outer side surface of the container or the outer bottom surface of the container, and the design can improve the space utilization rate of the energy storage container while not affecting the safety of the system.
Furthermore, in order to reduce the influence of water stain on the energy storage system, the water mist fire extinguishing system is a high-pressure water mist fire extinguishing system, the release pressure of water mist can reach 6-10MPa when the water mist fire extinguishing system is started, and the diameter of the water mist is 65-100 um. The fire extinguishing medium filled in the water mist fire extinguishing system is water containing additives. In order to reduce corrosion to the water storage tank and the pipeline, the additive mainly adopts physical additives, such as a surfactant, a thickening agent, an emulsifier and the like.
Furthermore, a water mist spray head is arranged above each module. After the early warning module sends an action signal, all the nozzles in the same subarea release water mist, so that the complexity of system design can be reduced, the error rate is reduced, and the fire extinguishing and cooling efficiency is obviously improved. Because the current battery modules all conform to the IP67 standard, the water damage in a short time can not affect the interior of the battery module which is not out of control.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the fire-fighting strategy provides a three-level response mechanism, can respond at the initial stage of thermal runaway of the battery, and prevents the spread of fire among the battery modules or the energy storage containers through fire-fighting and fire-isolating measures such as water mist, water spray, water curtain and the like. 2. The fire-fighting strategy comprises a three-level early warning mechanism, and can send out three-level early warning signals at different stages of occurrence and spread of the fire in the energy storage container, such as single cell fire, battery module fire, energy storage container fire and the like. 3. The fire-fighting strategy considers the characteristics that the battery is easy to reburn after fire extinguishment and the surface still keeps high temperature, and the liquid cooling system and the water mist fire extinguishing system are used for rapidly cooling the battery, so that the propagation of thermal runaway of the battery can be effectively blocked. 4. This fire strategy uses a novel fire detection fire suppression system to quickly extinguish an open fire and reduce the battery surface temperature through the synergistic effect of two fire extinguishing agents. 5. The gas fire extinguishing agent used in the fire fighting strategy is a new generation of halon substitute (such as perfluorohexanone, heptafluoropropane and the like), and compared with other fire extinguishing agents, the fire extinguishing agent is clean and efficient, and has small damage to the battery module after fire extinguishing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the arrangement of a fire detection fire suppression system within a battery module; wherein, 1 is miniature pressure sensor, 2 is the fire detection pipe, 8 is early warning module in the battery module, 10 is battery management unit BMU, 11 is the battery cell, 12 are the liquid cooling system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a fire detection fire extinguishing system and a water mist fire extinguishing system in a battery cabinet, wherein 1 is a miniature pressure sensor, 2 is a fire detection pipe, 3 is a storage tank, 4 is a pressure gauge, 5 is a pressure-resistant steel pipe, 6 is an electromagnetic valve, 7 is a second-stage early warning module, 8 is a first-stage early warning module, 9 is a water mist nozzle, 13 is a battery module, 14 is a water mist pipeline, and 15 is a water pump.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fire protection system within an energy storage container, where 16 is a water tank.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of fire extinguishing zones of a water mist fire extinguishing system in an energy storage container.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of fire extinguishing after a fire occurs in an energy storage container in a building, wherein (a) is a top view and (b) is a front view. Wherein, 17 are tertiary early warning module, 19 are water curtain fire extinguishing back-fire relief system, 20 water spraying fire extinguishing systems, 21 energy storage container, 22 back-fire relief water curtains, 23 water curtain fire extinguishing systems shower nozzle, 24 water spraying shower nozzle.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of increasing the safety distance after a fire occurs in an energy storage container placed in the open air, wherein 17 is a three-stage early warning module, 18 is a movable guide rail, and 21 is an energy storage container.
Fig. 7 is a fire policy control flow chart.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The fire fighting method of the container type lithium ion battery energy storage system mainly comprises the following steps: automatic fire extinguishing system and early warning system.
The automatic fire extinguishing system comprises a fire detection fire extinguishing system, a spray head type automatic fire extinguishing system, an automatic spraying fire extinguishing system, a water curtain fire extinguishing system and other multiple fire extinguishing and fire retarding systems. The fire detection pipe of the fire detection and fire extinguishing system is arranged 2-3cm above a battery safety valve in a module, is mainly used for quickly forming point-to-point fire extinguishing at the initial stage of thermal runaway of a battery, quickly extinguishing open fire and reducing the temperature of the battery through the synergistic effect of different fire extinguishing agents, and mainly comprises a micro pressure sensor 1, a fire detection pipe 2, a storage tank 3, a pressure gauge 4, a pressure-resistant steel pipe 5, an electromagnetic valve 6 and a plurality of communication lines. The fine water mist fire extinguishing system is installed at about 6cm above the battery module, and is mainly used for rapidly cooling the battery module through water mist when the fire detection fire extinguishing system fails to inhibit propagation of thermal runaway, so as to prevent further propagation of the thermal runaway, and mainly comprises a fine water mist nozzle 9, a fine water mist pipeline 14, a water pump 15 and a water tank 16. The water mist head 9 is arranged above each module. The automatic spraying and water curtain fire extinguishing system is mainly linked with the existing fire extinguishing system in a building for placing the energy storage container by virtue of an early warning system, and mainly comprises an open type spraying nozzle, a fire fighting pipeline and the like; the water curtain fire extinguishing system mainly comprises a water curtain spray head, a water supply and distribution pipeline and the like. The early warning module of the early warning system mainly comprises an early warning (primary early warning) module 8, a battery cabinet early warning (secondary early warning) module 7 and an energy storage container early warning (tertiary early warning) module 17 in the battery module. Early warning modules of the three-level early warning are arranged at different positions of the energy storage container, and the types of sensors in the early warning modules are different. The early warning module 8 and the battery cabinet early warning module 7 in the battery module mainly comprise a VOC sensor, a smoke sensor, a CO sensor and the like; the energy storage container early warning module 17 mainly comprises a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, a stress sensor and the like.
The main implementation process of the fire fighting method is as follows:
when the battery in a certain module in the energy storage container is out of control due to heat, the surface temperature of the battery rapidly rises, the safety valve is opened, and a fire disaster (in the form of jet fire) occurs. The fire detection pipe 2 is melted and broken under the action of jet flow flame, the heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent is released, the open fire of the single battery 11 is extinguished, and the temperature of the surface of the single battery 11 is still kept at a high temperature due to the poor cooling effect of the heptafluoropropane, and a large amount of smoke, CO gas, unreacted electrolyte and the like are still released. After the fire extinguishing agent in the fire detection pipe 2 is released, the miniature pressure sensor 1 detects that the pressure in the fire detection pipe is smaller than a threshold value, and transmits a signal to the battery early warning module 8. When the early warning module 8 detects that the contents of VOC, smoke and CO exceed preset values and the pressure in the fire detection pipe 2 is smaller than the preset value, the early warning module acts to transmit a primary early warning signal through a wireless transmitter and send a signal to the BMU10 through a communication circuit. The reason for the design is mainly to prevent the false alarm of the early warning system and bring unnecessary trouble to the monitoring of people. Meanwhile, the early warning module 8 sends a level signal to the electromagnetic valve 6, the electromagnetic valve 6 is opened, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent at the lower half part of the storage tank 3 enters the storage tank at the upper half part through the pressure-resistant steel pipe 5 under the driving of high-pressure N2, and is released to a fire area through the fire detection pipe 2 which is melted and broken, so that the battery is rapidly cooled. In order to make the battery cooling speed faster after fire extinguishment, the BMU10 sends a signal to the emergency liquid cooling system when receiving the signal of the early warning module 8, the liquid cooling system 12 at the bottom of the battery module is started, the battery heat is taken away quickly by matching the action of the fire extinguishing agent, and the propagation of thermal runaway in the battery module is effectively prevented.
If the flame in the battery cabinet is not extinguished after the first-stage response, namely the battery thermal fire is spread among the modules, a large amount of smoke, CO and unreacted volatile organic compounds are generated in the battery cabinet with thermal runaway spread at the moment, and when each value of the smoke, CO and unreacted volatile organic compounds exceeds the threshold value of the early warning module 7, the early warning module 7 is started, and the second-stage response is triggered. The early warning module 7 and the early warning module 8 have the same sensor type, but the battery in the battery cabinet is more, so that the threshold value of the early warning factor in the early warning module 7 is larger in order to avoid false alarm caused by overhigh sensitivity. After the early warning module 7 acts, the early warning module sends a secondary early warning signal through a wireless signal transmitter, and the water pump 15 is turned on through the PLC. The water in the water tank 16 is pressurized by the water pump 15 and then enters the water mist pipeline in the battery cabinet through the water mist pipeline 14, and the flowing water takes away part of the heat. Meanwhile, high-pressure water is released through the water mist spray head, so that the fire disaster of the battery cabinet is quickly suppressed, and the battery is cooled. Particularly, the battery modules meet the IP67 standard, and the water mist fire extinguishing agent has certain insulation effect, so that the water mist fire extinguishing will not cause the batteries without thermal runaway to generate heat due to external short circuit. Taking fig. 4 as an example, the water mist fire extinguishing system is divided into four zones, the four zones are independent from each other, and the respective early warning system, the water tank and the water pump are respectively used. The fire extinguishing efficiency can be greatly increased, and meanwhile, the waste of the fire extinguishing agent is reduced. The fine water mist fire extinguishing subarea can be flexibly adjusted according to the size of the residual space of the container and the protection grade in practical application.
If the battery fire is still not effectively controlled after the first two-stage response, because the number of the batteries in the energy storage container is large, the fire of the energy storage container becomes large, the energy storage container is possibly burnt and damaged, the container is seriously deformed, the surface temperature quickly rises, and the process is accompanied by a large amount of smoke. At that time, the early warning module 17 on the surface of the container detects that each early warning factor exceeds the set threshold, and the early warning module 17 acts. It will send out tertiary early warning signal to the outside through wireless signal transmitter. At this time, if the energy storage container is located in the building, as shown in fig. 5, the early warning module 17 will be linked with the water spray and water curtain system in the building to prevent the fire from spreading to the adjacent energy storage unit; if the energy storage container is placed in the open air, as shown in fig. 6, the early warning module 17 will open the lower moving rail 18 through the emergency control module, and move the energy storage unit adjacent to the container in fire in the direction away from the fire source.
The present embodiments are illustrative only, and do not limit the scope of the invention, and modifications and variations that may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A fire fighting method of a container type lithium ion battery energy storage system is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) the first-level response is early warning of thermal runaway inside the battery module, and suppression and rapid cooling of single battery fire; the primary response mainly has the main effects that when a single battery in the battery module is in a fire disaster, the fire extinguishing agent is quickly released to inhibit the open fire of the battery, the temperature of the battery is reduced through the synergistic effect of the fire extinguishing agent and the emergency liquid cooling system, and the thermal runaway is prevented from being transmitted in the battery module; after the battery in the battery module is out of control due to heat, the released jet fire fuses the fire detection pipe, the fire detection fire extinguishing system releases the fire extinguishing agent filled in advance, at the moment, the early warning module in the battery module receives an abnormal signal and sends a signal to the microcontroller, the emergency liquid cooling system receives the signal of the microcontroller, and the liquid in the liquid cooling system starts to circulate rapidly to take away the heat of the battery after out of control due to heat;
2) the secondary response is fire early warning and fire extinguishing in the energy storage cabinet and rapid cooling of the plurality of batteries; the secondary response mainly has the advantages that when the propagation of fire in the module is not effectively inhibited in the primary response, and large-scale thermal runaway occurs in the energy storage battery cabinet, the water mist fire extinguishing system is started to extinguish open fire in the battery cabinet and quickly cool the battery; the secondary response is implemented by a device mainly comprising an early warning system and a water mist fire extinguishing system; when the primary response does not effectively inhibit the thermal runaway propagation, large-scale thermal runaway occurs in the battery cabinet; at the moment, when a secondary early warning module in the battery cabinet detects that an early warning factor exceeds a preset threshold value, the early warning module sends a signal to a microcontroller, the microcontroller turns on a water pump after receiving a control signal, a water mist fire extinguishing system is started, water mist spray nozzles on each layer of the battery cabinet are started, and a fire area is rapidly extinguished and cooled;
3) the third-level response is the inhibition of fire spread among the energy storage containers; the three-stage response mainly has the advantages that when the first-stage response and the second-stage response do not effectively inhibit the battery fire, the third-stage response can avoid the fire from spreading among the energy storage containers, and property loss is reduced as much as possible; if the energy storage container is located in the building, the early warning module sends a signal to start a water spraying and water curtain system in the building after detecting that the early warning factor exceeds a threshold value, and a fire disaster is prevented from spreading to an adjacent energy storage unit; if the container is placed in the open air, the early warning module sends a control signal to open a moving track at the lower part of the energy storage container after detecting that the early warning factor exceeds a threshold value, and an energy storage unit close to the container with the fire disaster moves towards the direction away from the fire source;
the method is implemented by a fire-fighting system comprising an automatic fire-extinguishing system and an early warning system;
the automatic fire extinguishing system comprises a fire detection fire extinguishing system, a water mist fire extinguishing system, a water spraying fire extinguishing system and a water curtain fire extinguishing system; the fire detection fire extinguishing system mainly comprises a miniature pressure sensor, a fire detection pipe, an electromagnetic valve, a steel pipeline and a storage tank; the water spraying fire extinguishing system mainly comprises an open type spraying nozzle and a fire fighting pipeline; the water curtain fire extinguishing system mainly comprises a water curtain spray head and a water supply and distribution pipeline;
the early warning system is mainly a three-level fire-fighting early warning system and comprises a battery module internal thermal runaway early warning module, namely a first-level early warning module, a container internal battery cabinet fire early warning module, namely a second-level early warning module, and a container box fire early warning module, namely a third-level early warning module; the battery thermal runaway early warning module in the module and the battery cabinet fire early warning module in the container comprise a Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) detection module, a smoke detection module and a CO detection module; the container body fire early warning module comprises a temperature detection module, a deformation detection module and a smoke detection module; the three-level response mechanism is progressive layer by layer and is mutually basic, so that the fire extinguishing system is ensured to respectively make different levels of response according to the fire condition in the energy storage system, the design can maximize the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing system, and meanwhile, the property loss caused by the mistaken spraying of the fire extinguishing agent is prevented;
the emergency liquid cooling system mainly comprises a liquid cooling plate, a liquid cooling pipeline and a water pump; the emergency liquid cooling system is connected with the early warning system through a Battery Management Unit (BMU); the liquid cooling plate of the emergency liquid cooling system is arranged at the bottom of the battery module, and the thickness of the liquid cooling plate is extremely small, so that the influence of the liquid cooling system on the energy density of the battery module can be reduced as much as possible;
the fire detection fire extinguishing system used in the battery module can release two clean and efficient fire extinguishing agents, so that the dual purposes of extinguishing open fire and controlling the temperature of the battery are achieved;
the fire extinguishing medium of the fire detection fire extinguishing system in the battery module is a heptafluoropropane and perfluorohexanone high-efficiency clean gas fire extinguishing agent; a fire suppressant is stored in the tank portion; the dosage of the fire extinguishing agent is calculated according to the volume of the closed space of the battery module and the fire extinguishing design concentration;
arranging water mist nozzles on each layer of the container battery cabinet, and starting a water mist fire extinguishing system to quickly extinguish and cool the batteries when thermal runaway propagation occurs among the battery cabinet modules; when a fire disaster spreads among the energy storage containers, the spread of the fire disaster among the energy storage containers is restrained by increasing the distance among the energy storage containers or opening a water spraying and water curtain system.
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