CN109111439B - 一种酰胺类化合物及包含该化合物的组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
一种酰胺类化合物及包含该化合物的组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了如式(I)所示的酰胺类化合物,以及它们的制备和用途。具体地,本发明公开了如式(I)所示的酰胺类化合物,或其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂合物,以及含有它们的药物组合物及其用途。本发明公开的酰胺类化合物及包含该化合物的组合物对蛋白激酶具有优异的抑制性,同时具有更好的药代动力学参数特性,能够提高化合物在动物体内的药物浓度,以提高药物疗效和安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,尤其涉及一种酰胺类化合物及包含该化合物的组合物及其用途。
背景技术
蛋白质酪氨酸激酶在细胞调控中发挥着重要作用,并且在癌细胞或自身免疫性疾病中已观察到其异常表达或突变。蛋白质酪氨酸激酶是催化将磷酸基团从ATP运输至位于蛋白质底物上的酪氨酸的酶。许多生长因子受体蛋白起酪氨酸激酶功能以传输细胞信号。生长因子与其受体之间的相互作用通常控制细胞生长,但是由受体中任何一种的突变或过表达引起的异常信号转导常常诱发多种癌症或自身免疫性疾病(例如类风湿性关节炎)。
EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)是针对EGFR的分子靶向药物,主要通过与ATP竞争性结合位于细胞表面的EGFR酪氨酸激酶催化域结合位点,阻断信号向细胞内的进一步传递,抑制肿瘤细胞生长并诱导其凋亡。目前厄洛替尼、吉非替尼等EGFR-TKI已广泛用于临床。虽然,吉非替尼、厄洛替尼等EGFR抑制剂针对EGFR突变晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)取得了令人瞩目的疗效,但是随后发现现有EGFR-TKI在治疗NSCLC时会出现原发性耐药或继发性耐药,针对肺癌患者出现的EGFR第二次突变,可采用口服AZD9291(Osimertinib,奥西替尼)治疗。AZD9291是一种口服的、不可逆的、第三代EGFR抑制剂(EGFR-TKI),该药对已有EGFR-TKI有抗性和T790M突变的NSCLC患者有较佳的治疗效果。但是,服用AZD9291的患者仍会出现获得性耐药的症状。AZD9291获得性耐药突变的机制包括:EGFR C797S突变,FGFR1扩增,HER2扩增,c-Met扩增或MAPK旁路途径激活,组织学转变(部分转成小细胞肺癌),或复合其它基因突变。(参考文献:Oxnard et al.Nature Medicine,2015,21,560-562)
AZD9291与半胱氨酸C797在ATP结合位点形成共价键,C797S突变影响了共价键的结合,类似BTK抑制剂依鲁替尼(Ibrutinib)的耐药机制。2016年2月,《nature》上发表了一篇重磅文章,记载了一种能够克服AZD9291耐药的新一代靶向药EAI045,针对C797S突变,将EAI045与爱必妥联合应用于小鼠模型中,有效率高达80%。(参考文献:M.J.Eck etal.Nature,2016,534,129-132)
所以,治疗晚期NSCLC面临着新的挑战,需要我们继而开展新的探索,寻找新的对策。
发明内容
针对以上技术问题,本发明公开了一种酰胺类化合物及包含该化合物的组合物及其用途,所述化合物具有蛋白激酶抑制活性,具有更好的药效学/药代动力学性能。
对此,本发明采用以下技术方案:
在一方面,本发明涉及一种式(I)的酰胺类化合物,或其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂化合物:
其中,
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11和R12各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素或三氟甲基;附加条件是,上述酰胺类化合物至少含有一个氘原子。
作为本发明的优选实施方案,式(I)中化合物至少含有一个氘原子,更佳地一个氘原子,更佳地二个氘原子,更佳地三个氘原子,更佳地四个氘原子,更佳地五个氘原子,更佳地六个氘原子,更佳地八个氘原子。
作为本发明的优选实施方案,氘在氘代位置的氘同位素含量至少是大于天然氘同位素含量0.015%,较佳地大于30%,更佳地大于50%,更佳地大于75%,更佳地大于95%,更佳地大于99%。
具体地说,在本发明中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11和R12各氘代位置中氘同位素含量至少是5%,较佳地大于10%,更佳地大于15%,更佳地大于20%,更佳地大于25%,更佳地大于30%,更佳地大于35%,更佳地大于40%,更佳地大于45%,更佳地大于50%,更佳地大于55%,更佳地大于60%,更佳地大于65%,更佳地大于70%,更佳地大于75%,更佳地大于80%,更佳地大于85%,更佳地大于90%,更佳地大于95%,更佳地大于99%。
在另一具体实施方案中,式(I)中化合物的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11和R12,至少其中一个含氘,更佳地两个含氘,更佳地三个含氘,更佳地四个含氘,更佳地五个含氘,更佳地六个含氘,更佳地七个含氘,更佳地八个含氘,更佳地九个含氘,更佳地十个含氘,更佳地十一个含氘,更佳地十二个含氘。具体而言,式(I)中化合物至少含有一个、两个、三个、四个、五个、六个、七个、八个、九个、十个、十一个、十二个氘原子。
作为本发明的优选实施方案,R1和R2各自独立地为氘或氢。
在另一优选实施方案中,R1是氘。
在另一优选实施方案中,R2是氘。
在另一优选实施方案中,R1和R2是氘。
作为本发明的优选实施方案,R3和R4各自独立地为氘或氢。
在另一优选实施方案中,R3是氘。
在另一优选实施方案中,R3和R4是氘。
作为本发明的优选实施方案,R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立地为氘或氢。
在另一优选实施方案中,R5、R6、R7和R8是氘。
作为本发明的优选实施方案,R9、R10和R11各自独立地为氘或氢。
在另一优选实施方案中,R9是氘。
在另一优选实施方案中,R10是氘。
在另一优选实施方案中,R11是氘。
在另一优选实施方案中,R9、R10和R11是氘。
在另一优选实施方案中,R12是氘。
作为本发明的优选实施方案,制备方法中所用的碱选自碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸铯、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、三乙胺、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、4-N,N-二甲基吡啶或吡啶中的至少一种。
在另一方面,本发明还公开了一种药物组合物,其含有药学上可接受的赋形剂和如上所述的酰胺类化合物,或其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂合物。
在另一方面,本发明还公开了一种如上所述的药物组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将药学上可接受的赋形剂与如上所述的酰胺类化合物,或其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂合物进行混合,从而形成药物组合物。
在另一实施方案中,所述的药物组合物为注射剂、囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂或颗粒剂。
在另一实施方案中,所述的药物组合物还含有另外的治疗药物,所述的另外的治疗药物为癌症、心血管疾病、炎症、感染、免疫性疾病、细胞增殖性疾病、病毒性疾病、代谢性疾病、或器官移植的药物。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了本发明第一方面中所述的化合物,或其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防与蛋白激酶相关的疾病的药物中的用途。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了一种在受试者中治疗和/或预防与蛋白激酶相关的疾病的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者给药式(I)的酰胺类化合物其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂化合物,或者其药物组合物。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了式(I)的酰胺类化合物其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂化合物,或者其药物组合物,其用于治疗和/或预防与蛋白激酶相关的疾病。
在另一实施方案中,所述的化合物或药物组合物用于治疗和/或预防以下疾病:癌症、细胞增殖性疾病、炎症、感染、免疫性疾病、器官移植、病毒性疾病、心血管疾病或代谢性疾病。
在另一实施方案中,所述的癌症包括但不限于:肺癌、头颈癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、食道癌、直肠癌、结肠癌、鼻咽癌、子宫癌、胰腺癌、淋巴瘤、血癌、骨肉瘤、黑色素瘤、肾癌、胃癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、甲状腺癌或大肠癌。
在另一实施方案中,所述的免疫性疾病或炎症包括但不限于:类风湿关节炎、骨关节炎、类风湿性脊柱炎、痛风、哮喘、支气管炎、鼻炎、慢性阻塞性肺病、囊性纤维化病。
在另一实施方案中,所述的细胞增殖性疾病是指肺癌、头颈癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、食道癌、直肠癌、结肠癌、鼻咽癌、子宫癌、胰腺癌、淋巴瘤、血癌、骨肉瘤、黑色素瘤、肾癌、胃癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、甲状腺癌或大肠癌。
在另一实施方案中,所述的癌症为非小细胞肺癌。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了试剂盒,其包括:第一容器,其中含有式(I)的酰胺类化合物其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂化合物;和任选地,第二容器,其中含有其他治疗药物;和任选地,第三容器,其中含有用于稀释或悬浮所述化合物和/或其他治疗药物的药学上可接受的赋形剂。
在另一方面,本发明还公开了如上所述的酰胺类化合物在制备用于抑制蛋白激酶的药物组合物中的用途。优选地,其用于制备抑制EGFR激酶的药物组合物。
本发明的式(I)的化合物或其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂合物可治疗或预防由异常活化的B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞或这两者引起的癌症、肿瘤、炎症性疾病、自身免疫性疾病或免疫介导性疾病。因此,本发明还提供了用于治疗和/或预防癌症、肿瘤、炎症性疾病、自身免疫性疾病或免疫介导性疾病的药物组合物,其包含本发明的式(I)的化合物或其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂合物作为活性成分。
本发明还包括同位素标记的化合物(也称为“同位素变体”),等同于原始化合物在此公开。可以列为本发明的化合物同位素的例子包括氢,碳,氮,氧,磷,硫,氟和氯同位素,分别如2H,3H,13C,14C,15N,17O,18O,31P,32P,35S,18F以及36Cl。其中含有上述同位素或其他同位素原子的本发明的式(I)的化合物或其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂合物都在本发明的范围之内。本发明中某些同位素标记化合物,例如3H和14C的放射性同位素也在其中,在药物和底物的组织分布实验中是有用的。氚,即3H和碳-14,即14C,它们的制备和检测比较容易,是同位素中的首选。此外,较重同位素取代如氘,即2H,由于其很好的代谢稳定性在某些疗法中有优势,例如在体内增加半衰期或减少用量,因此,在某些情况下可以优先考虑。同位素标记的化合物可以用一般的方法,通过用易得的同位素标记试剂替换为非同位素的试剂,用示例中的方案可以制备。
应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征、实施方案和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅,在此不再一一累述。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:第一,采用本发明技术方案的酰胺类化合物对蛋白激酶具有优异的抑制性。第二,改进了化合物在生物体中的代谢,使化合物具有更好的药代动力学参数特性。在这种情况下,可以改变剂量并形成长效制剂,改善适用性。第三,提高了化合物在动物体内的药物浓度,提高了药物疗效。第四,抑制了某些代谢产物,提高化合物的安全性。
定义:
当列出数值范围时,既定包括每个值和在所述范围内的子范围。例如“C1-C6烷基”包括C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C1-C6、C1-C5、C1-C4、C1-C3、C1-C2、C2-C6、C2-C5、C2-C4、C2-C3、C3-C6、C3-C5、C3-C4、C4-C6、C4-C5和C5-C6烷基。
应该理解,当本文描述时,任何下面所定义的部分可以被许多取代基取代,而且相应的定义在下面列出的它们的范围内,包括这种取代部分。除非另作说明,否则,术语“取代”如下面所定义。
“卤素”是指氟(F)、氯(Cl)、溴(Br)和碘(I)。
术语“多晶型”是指化学药物分子的不同排列方式,一般表现为药物原料在固体状态下的存在形式。一种药物可以多种晶型物质状态存在,同一种药物的不同晶型,在体内的溶解和吸收可能不同,从而会对制剂的溶出和释放产生影响。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指,在可靠的医学判断范围内,适合与人和低等动物的组织接触而没有过度毒性、刺激性、变态反应等等,并且与合理的益处/危险比例相称的那些盐。药学上可接受的盐在本领域是众所周知的。例如,Berge等人在J.PharmaceuticalSciences(1977)66:1-19中详细描述的药学上可接受的盐。本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括衍生自合适的无机和有机酸和无机和有机碱的盐。药学上可接受的无毒的酸加成盐的实例是与无机酸形成的盐,例如盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硫酸和高氯酸,或与有机酸形成的盐,例如乙酸、草酸、马来酸、酒石酸、枸橼酸、琥珀酸或丙二酸。也包括使用本领域常规方法形成的盐,例如,离子交换方法。其它药学上可接受的盐包括:已二酸盐、海藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、重硫酸盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲酸盐、富马酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、葡糖酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基-乙磺酸盐、乳糖酸盐、乳酸盐、月桂酸盐、月桂基硫酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、果胶酯酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、特戊酸盐、丙酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、十一烷酸盐、戊酸盐,等等。衍生自合适的碱的药学上可接受的盐包括碱金属、碱土金属、铵和N+(C1-4烷基)4盐。代表性的碱金属或碱土金属盐包括钠、锂、钾、钙、镁盐,等等。如果合适的话,其它的药学上可接受的盐包括与反离子形成的无毒的铵盐、季铵盐和胺阳离子,反离子例如卤离子、氢氧根、羧酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根、硝酸根、低级烷基磺酸根和芳基磺酸根。
给药的“受试者”包括但不限于:人(即,任何年龄组的男性或女性,例如,儿科受试者(例如,婴儿、儿童、青少年)或成人受试者(例如,年轻的成人、中年的成人或年长的成人))和/或非人的动物,例如,哺乳动物,例如,灵长类(例如,食蟹猴、恒河猴)、牛、猪、马、绵羊、山羊、啮齿动物、猫和/或狗。在一些实施方案中,受试者是人。在一些实施方案中,受试者是非人动物。本文可互换使用术语“人”、“患者”和“受试者”。
“疾病”、“障碍”和“病症”在本文中可互换地使用。
本文使用的术语“治疗”包括受试者患有具体疾病、障碍或病症时所发生的作用,它降低疾病、障碍或病症的严重程度,或延迟或减缓疾病、障碍或病症的发展。本文使用的术语“预防”包括在受试者开始患有具体疾病、障碍或病症之前发生的作用。
本发明化合物可包括一个或多个不对称中心,且因此可以存在多种“立体异构体”形式,例如,对映异构体和/或非对映异构体形式。例如,本发明化合物可为单独的对映异构体、非对映异构体或几何异构体(例如顺式和反式异构体),或者可为立体异构体的混合物的形式,包括外消旋混合物和富含一种或多种立体异构体的混合物。异构体可通过本领域技术人员已知的方法从混合物中分离,所述方法包括:手性高压液相色谱法(HPLC)以及手性盐的形成和结晶;或者优选的异构体可通过不对称合成来制备。
本领域技术人员将理解,许多有机化合物可以与溶剂形成复合物,其在该溶剂中发生反应或从该溶剂中沉淀或结晶出来。这些复合物称为“溶剂合物”。当溶剂是水时,复合物称为“水合物”。本发明涵盖了本发明化合物的所有溶剂合物。
此外,前药也包括在本发明的上下文内。本文所用的术语“前药”是指在体内通过例如在血液中水解转变成其具有医学效应的活性形式的化合物。药学上可接受的前药描述于T.Higuchi和V.Stella,Prodrugs as Novel Delivery Systems,A.C.S.SymposiumSeries,Vol.14,Edward B.Roche,ed.,Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design,American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press,1987,以及D.Fleisher、S.Ramon和H.Barbra“Improved oral drug delivery:solubility limitations overcomeby the use of prodrugs”,Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews(1996)19(2)115-130,将每篇引入本文作为参考。
前药为任何共价键合的载体,当将这种前药给予患者时,其在体内释放本发明化合物。通常通过修饰官能团来制备前药,该修饰使得前药在体内裂解产生母体化合物。前药包括,例如,其中羟基、氨基或巯基与任意基团键合的本发明化合物,当将其给予患者时,可以裂解形成羟基、氨基或巯基。因此,前药的代表性实例包括但不限于,本发明化合物通过其中的羟基、氨基或巯基官能团与乙酸、甲酸或苯甲酸形成的共价衍生物。另外,在羧酸(-COOH)的情况下,可以使用酯,例如甲酯、乙酯等。酯本身可以是有活性的和/或可以在人体体内条件下水解。合适的药学上可接受的体内可水解的酯包括容易在人体中分解而释放母体酸或其盐的那些。
用于本发明的“药学上可接受的赋形剂”是指不会破坏一起调配的化合物的药理学活性的无毒载体、佐剂或媒剂。可以用于本发明组合物中的药学上可接受的载体、佐剂或媒剂包括(但不限于)离子交换剂、氧化铝、硬脂酸铝、卵磷脂、血清蛋白(如人类血清白蛋白)、缓冲物质(如磷酸盐)、甘氨酸、山梨酸、山梨酸钾、饱和植物脂肪酸的偏甘油酯混合物、水、盐或电解质(如硫酸鱼精蛋白)、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢钾、氯化钠、锌盐、硅胶、三硅酸镁、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、基于纤维素的物质、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酸酯、蜡、聚乙烯-聚氧丙烯-嵌段聚合物、聚乙二醇以及羊毛脂。
具体实施方式
化合物
本发明涉及一种式(I)的酰胺类化合物,或其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂化合物:
其中,
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11和R12各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素或三氟甲基;附加条件是,上述酰胺类化合物至少含有一个氘原子。
在具体实施方案中,“R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11和R12各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素或三氟甲基”包括R1选自氢、氘、卤素或三氟甲基,R2选自氢、氘、卤素或三氟甲基,R3选自氢、氘、卤素或三氟甲基,以此类推,直至R20选自氢、氘、卤素或三氟甲基的技术方案。更具体地,包括R1为氢、R1为氘、R1为卤素(F、Cl、Br或I)或R1为三氟甲基,R2为氢、R2为氘、R2为卤素(F、Cl、Br或I)或R2为三氟甲基,R3为氢、R3为氘、R3为卤素(F、Cl、Br或I)或R3为三氟甲基,以此类推,直至R20为氢、R20为氘、R20为卤素(F、Cl、Br或I)或R20为三氟甲基的技术方案。
在优选地实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I)的酰胺类化合物,或其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂化合物,其中,R2、R9、R11为氢,R1、R3-R8、R10、R12各自独立地选自氢或氘。
在优选地实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I)的酰胺类化合物,或其多晶型、药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、同位素变体、水合物或溶剂化合物,其中,R2、R9、R11为氢,R1是氘,R3-R8、R10、R12各自独立地选自氢或氘。
在优选地实施方案中,R3和R4是相同的。
在优选地实施方案中,R3和R4是氘。
在优选地实施方案中,R3是氘。
在优选地实施方案中,R5-R8是相同的。在优选地实施方案中,R10为氘。
在优选地实施方案中,所述酰胺类化合物为如下任一结构,或其药学上可接受的盐,但不局限于下列结构:
制剂
下列制剂实例说明可根据本发明制备的代表性的药物组合物。然而,本发明不限于下列药物组合物。
示例性的制剂1-片剂:可以将干粉形式的本发明化合物与干燥的凝胶粘合剂以约1:2的重量比混合。加入较少量的硬脂酸镁作为润滑剂。使该混合物在压片机中成型为0.3-30mg片剂(每个片剂含有0.1-10mg活性化合物)。
示例性的制剂2-片剂:可以将干粉形式的本发明化合物与干燥的凝胶粘合剂以约1:2的重量比混合。加入较少量的硬脂酸镁作为润滑剂。使该混合物在压片机中成型为30-90mg片剂(每个片剂含有10-30mg活性化合物)。
示例性的制剂3-片剂:可以将干粉形式的本发明化合物与干燥的凝胶粘合剂以约1:2的重量比混合。加入较少量的硬脂酸镁作为润滑剂。使该混合物在压片机中成型为90-150mg片剂(每个片剂含有30-50mg活性化合物)。
示例性的制剂4-片剂:可以将干粉形式的本发明化合物与干燥的凝胶粘合剂以约1:2的重量比混合。加入较少量的硬脂酸镁作为润滑剂。使该混合物在压片机中成型为150-240mg片剂(每个片剂含有50-80mg活性化合物)。
示例性的制剂5-片剂:可以将干粉形式的本发明化合物与干燥的凝胶粘合剂以约1:2的重量比混合。加入较少量的硬脂酸镁作为润滑剂。使该混合物在压片机中成型为240-270mg片剂(每个片剂含有80-90mg活性化合物)。
示例性的制剂6-片剂:可以将干粉形式的本发明化合物与干燥的凝胶粘合剂以约1:2的重量比混合。加入较少量的硬脂酸镁作为润滑剂。使该混合物在压片机中成型为270-450mg片剂(每个片剂含有90-150mg活性化合物)。
示例性的制剂7-片剂:可以将干粉形式的本发明化合物与干燥的凝胶粘合剂以约1:2的重量比混合。加入较少量的硬脂酸镁作为润滑剂。使该混合物在压片机中成型为450-900mg片剂(每个片剂含有150-300mg活性化合物)。
示例性的制剂8-胶囊剂:可以将干粉形式的本发明化合物与淀粉稀释剂以约1:1的重量比混合。将该混合物填充到250mg胶囊中(每个胶囊含有125mg活性化合物)。
示例性的制剂9-液体:可以将本发明化合物(125mg)与蔗糖(1.75g)和黄原胶(4mg)混合,且可将得到的混合物共混,通过No.10筛目美国筛,然后与预先制备的微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠(11:89,50mg)的水溶液混合。将苯甲酸钠(10mg)、调味剂和着色剂用水稀释,并在搅拌下加入。然后,可以加入充足的水,得到5mL的总体积。
示例性的制剂10-注射剂:可以将本发明化合物溶解或悬浮在缓冲无菌盐水可注射的水性介质中,达到约5mg/mL的浓度。
给药
本发明提供的药物组合物可以通过许多途径给药,包括但不限于:口服给药、肠胃外给药、吸入给药、局部给药、直肠给药、鼻腔给药、口腔给药、阴道给药、通过植入剂给药或其它给药方式。例如,本文使用的肠胃外给药包括皮下给药、皮内给药、静脉内给药、肌肉内给药、关节内给药、动脉内给药、滑膜腔内给药、胸骨内给药、脑脊髓膜内给药、病灶内给药、和颅内的注射或输液技术。
通常,给予有效量的本文所提供的化合物。按照有关情况,包括所治疗的病症、选择的给药途径、实际给予的化合物、个体患者的年龄、体重和响应、患者症状的严重程度,等等,可以由医生确定实际上给予的化合物的量。
当用于预防本发明所述病症时,给予处于形成所述病症危险之中的受试者本文所提供的化合物,典型地基于医生的建议并在医生监督下给药,剂量水平如上所述。处于形成具体病症的危险之中的受试者,通常包括具有所述病症的家族史的受试者,或通过遗传试验或筛选确定尤其对形成所述病症敏感的那些受试者。
还可以长期给予本文所提供的药物组合物(“长期给药”)。长期给药是指在长时间内给予化合物或其药物组合物,例如,3个月、6个月、1年、2年、3年、5年等等,或者可无限期地持续给药,例如,受试者的余生。在一些实施方案中,长期给药意欲在长时间内在血液中提供所述化合物的恒定水平,例如,在治疗窗内。
可以使用各种给药方法,进一步递送本发明的药物组合物。例如,在一些实施方案中,可以推注给药药物组合物,例如,为了使化合物在血液中的浓度快速提高至有效水平。推注剂量取决于活性组分的目标全身性水平,例如,肌内或皮下的推注剂量使活性组分缓慢释放,而直接递送至静脉的推注(例如,通过IV静脉滴注)能够更加快速地递送,使得活性组分在血液中的浓度快速升高至有效水平。在其它实施方案中,可以以持续输液形式给予药物组合物,例如,通过IV静脉滴注,从而在受试者身体中提供稳态浓度的活性组分。此外,在其它实施方案中,可以首先给予推注剂量的药物组合物,而后持续输液。
口服组合物可以采用散装液体溶液或混悬剂或散装粉剂形式。然而,更通常,为了便于精确地剂量给药,以单位剂量形式提供所述组合物。术语“单位剂型”是指适合作为人类患者及其它哺乳动物的单元剂量的物理离散单位,每个单位包含预定数量的、适于产生所需要的治疗效果的活性物质与合适药学赋形剂。典型的单位剂量形式包括液体组合物的预装填的、预先测量的安瓿或注射器,或者在固体组合物情况下的丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂等。在这种组合物中,所述化合物通常为较少的组分(约0.1至约50重量%,或优选约1至约40重量%),剩余部分为对于形成所需给药形式有用的各种载体或赋形剂以及加工助剂。
对于口服剂量,代表性的方案是,每天一个至五个口服剂量,尤其是两个至四个口服剂量,典型地是三个口服剂量。使用这些剂量给药模式,每个剂量提供大约0.01至大约20mg/kg的本发明化合物,优选的剂量各自提供大约0.1至大约10mg/kg,尤其是大约1至大约5mg/kg。
为了提供与使用注射剂量类似的血液水平,或比使用注射剂量更低的血液水平,通常选择透皮剂量,数量为大约0.01至大约20%重量,优选大约0.1至大约20%重量,优选大约0.1至大约10%重量,且更优选大约0.5至大约15%重量。
从大约1至大约120小时,尤其是24至96小时,注射剂量水平在大约0.1mg/kg/小时至至少10mg/kg/小时的范围。为了获得足够的稳定状态水平,还可以给予大约0.1mg/kg至大约10mg/kg或更多的预载推注。对于40至80kg的人类患者来说,最大总剂量不能超过大约2g/天。
适于口服给药的液体形式可包括合适的水性或非水载体以及缓冲剂、悬浮剂和分散剂、着色剂、调味剂,等等。固体形式可包括,例如,任何下列组份,或具有类似性质的化合物:粘合剂,例如,微晶纤维素、黄蓍胶或明胶;赋形剂,例如,淀粉或乳糖,崩解剂,例如,褐藻酸、Primogel或玉米淀粉;润滑剂,例如,硬脂酸镁;助流剂,例如,胶体二氧化硅;甜味剂,例如,蔗糖或糖精;或调味剂,例如,薄荷、水杨酸甲酯或橙味调味剂。
可注射的组合物典型地基于可注射用的无菌盐水或磷酸盐缓冲盐水,或本领域中已知的其它可注射的赋形剂。如前所述,在这种组合物中,活性化合物典型地为较少的组分,经常为约0.05至10%重量,剩余部分为可注射的赋形剂等。
典型地将透皮组合物配制为含有活性组分的局部软膏剂或乳膏剂。当配制为软膏剂时,活性组分典型地与石蜡或可与水混溶的软膏基质组合。或者,活性组分可与例如水包油型乳膏基质一起配制为乳膏剂。这种透皮制剂是本领域中公知的,且通常包括用于提升活性组分或制剂的稳定的皮肤渗透的其它组份。所有这种已知的透皮制剂和组份包括在本发明提供的范围内。
本发明化合物还可通过经皮装置给予。因此,经皮给药可使用贮存器(reservoir)或多孔膜类型、或者多种固体基质的贴剂实现。
用于口服给予、注射或局部给予的组合物的上述组份仅仅是代表性的。其它材料以及加工技术等阐述于Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,17th edition,1985,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pennsylvania的第8部分中,本文以引用的方式引入该文献。
本发明化合物还可以以持续释放形式给予,或从持续释放给药系统中给予。代表性的持续释放材料的描述可在Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences中找到。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物的药学上可接受的制剂。在一个实施方案中,所述制剂包含水。在另一个实施方案中,所述制剂包含环糊精衍生物。最常见的环糊精为分别由6、7和8个α-1,4-连接的葡萄糖单元组成的α-、β-和γ-环糊精,其在连接的糖部分上任选包括一个或多个取代基,其包括但不限于:甲基化的、羟基烷基化的、酰化的和磺烷基醚取代。在一些实施方案中,所述环糊精为磺烷基醚β-环糊精,例如,磺丁基醚β-环糊精,也称作Captisol。参见,例如,U.S.5,376,645。在一些实施方案中,所述制剂包括六丙基-β-环糊精(例如,在水中,10-50%)。
实施例
下面对本发明的优选的实施例作进一步的详细说明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则份数和百分比为重量份和重量百分比。
通常,在制备流程中,各反应通常在惰性溶剂中,在室温至回流温度(如0℃~100℃,优选0℃~80℃)下进行。反应时间通常为0.1-60小时,优选地为0.5-24小时。
下面的通用制备路线可以用于合成本发明式(I)结构的化合物。合成路线如下所示:
实施例1
采用以下合成路线制备2-(5-氟-2-羟基苯基)-2-(1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基-5-d)乙酰胺(化合物11),包括以下步骤:
步骤一:化合物3的合成。
向反应瓶中加入甲基磺酸4mL,冷却至0℃,加入α-羟基马尿酸(化合物1,1g,5.12mmol),0℃下加入4-氟苯甲醚(646mg,5.12mmol),室温下搅拌1小时,将反应物缓慢滴加至冰水中,有白色固体洗出,过滤,滤饼用水洗涤,真空烘干后得到化合物3(1.3mg,收率86.6%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=302(M-1)-。
步骤二:化合物4的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物3(1g,3.3mmol),加入6N盐酸60mL,升温至100℃,反应36小时,TLC(薄层色谱)检测原料反应完全,冷却至室温,过滤,滤液浓缩后得到白色固体,用乙酸乙酯打浆纯化得到化合物4(200mg,收率30.4%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=198(M-1)-。
步骤三:化合物5的合成。
氮气保护下向反应瓶中化合物4(200mg,1mmol),邻苯二醛(134mg,1mmol),用3mL乙酸溶解,升温至120℃反应1小时,冷却至室温,浓缩反应液得到化合物5的粗品(632mg,收率100%),直接用于下一步,不进行进一步纯化,LC-MS(APCI):m/z=314(M-1)-。
步骤四:化合物7的合成。
向反应瓶中加入2-氨基噻唑(500mg,2.9mmol),加入四氢呋喃(THF)20mL室温下加入Boc酸酐(1.308g,6mmol),室温反应16小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,浓缩除去溶剂和过量的Boc酸酐,柱层析纯化得到化合物6(859mg,收率85.9%)
步骤五:化合物8的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物7(200mg,1mmol),加入四氢呋喃20mL,冷却至0℃,0℃下滴加正丁基锂(0.52mL,1.3mmol),滴加完成后室0℃下搅拌1小时,用重水4mL淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到化合物7(200mg,收率100%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=399(M+1)+。
步骤六:化合物9的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物8(200mg,1mmol),加入二氯甲烷12mL溶解,在室温下加入三氟乙酸(570mg,5mmol),室温反应3小时,TLC检测原料反应完全用1M的盐酸调节pH至弱碱性,浓缩出去溶剂,直接用于下一步反应,1H NMR(500MHz,MeOD)(δ/ppm)7.19(s,1H),6.88(d,J=4.2Hz,0.07H)。
步骤七:化合物10的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物5的粗品(688mg,2.17mmol)和化合物9(282mg,2.812mmol),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA,279mg,2.175mmol),2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HATU,1.07g,2.812mmol),加入二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,20mL),氮气保护下25℃反应3小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应液中加入水50mL,用乙酸乙酯萃取4次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到化合物9(227mg,收率26.3%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=399(M+1)+。
步骤八:化合物11的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物10(200mg,0.5mmol),加入二氯甲烷30mL,冷却至-10℃,向反应瓶中滴加三溴化硼(BBr3,500mg,2.1mmol),滴加完成后,升至室温反应2小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应瓶中加入水30mL,用二氯甲烷萃取4次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到白色固体化合物11(64mg,收率33.3%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=383(M-1)-。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(δ/ppm)12.59(s,1H),9.94(s,1H),7.72(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.60(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.50(t,J=6.3Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),7.10(td,J=8.6,3.1Hz,1H),6.89(dd,J=8.9,4.8Hz,1H),6.84(dd,J=9.2,3.0Hz,1H),6.30(s,1H),4.60(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),3.97(d,J=17.5Hz,1H)。
实施例2
采用以下合成路线制备2-(5-氟-2-羟基苯基)-2-(1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基-3-d)-N-(噻唑-2-基)乙酰胺(化合物21),包括以下步骤:
步骤一:化合物12的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物4(2.08g,1045mmol),加入甲醇30mL,冷却至0℃,滴加氯化亚砜(1.5mL,20.9mmol)滴加完成后升至75℃,反应3小时,原料反应完全后浓缩除去甲醇和过量的氯化亚砜,加入20mL甲基叔丁基醚打浆得到化合物12(2.15g,收率98.4%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=214(M+1)+。
步骤二:化合物14的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物13(2g,12mmol)0℃下加入氯化亚砜10mL,回流反应3小时,浓缩出去过量的氯化亚砜得到化合物14(2.74g,收率100%)。
步骤三:化合物15的合成。
向反应瓶中加入三乙胺(TEA,1.5g,14.6mmol),加入DMF(20mL),将化合物14(1.04g,4.88mmol)溶于DMF(15mL)中,将化合物12溶于DMF(15mL)中,室温下同时滴加入反应瓶中,室温反应3个小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,浓缩后得到化合物15的粗品2.3g,直接用于下一步反应,不进一步纯化,LC-MS(APCI):m/z=362(M+1)+。
步骤四:化合物16的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物物15的粗品2.3g,在0℃下加入氯化亚砜15mL,滴加完成后升至50℃反应5小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,浓缩出去过量的氯化亚砜,柱层析纯化得到白色固体化合物16(1.244g,两步收率73.16%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=344(M+1)+。
步骤五:化合物17的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物16(1.244g,3.568mmol)加入锌粉(2.3g,35.68mmol)加入乙酸10mL,升温至110℃反应2小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,过滤除去过量的锌粉,浓缩除去乙酸,加入乙酸乙酯40mL,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,浓缩有机相,柱层析纯化后得到化合物17(315mg,收率25.5%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=347(M+1)+。
步骤六:化合物18的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物17(314mg,0.957mmol),三氟乙酸(TFA,218mg,1.914mmol),用20mL二氯甲烷溶解,冷却至0℃,缓慢滴加三乙基硅烷(333mg,2.872mmol),滴加完成后0℃反应2小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应瓶中加入水20mL,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到化合物18(109mg,收率34.7%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=331(M+1)+。
步骤七:化合物19的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物18(109mg,0.3313mmol),加入氢氧化锂(30mg,1.7mmol),加入水(1mL),四氢呋喃(THF,4mL),室温下反应3小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,用1M的盐酸调节pH至5-6,浓缩得到化合物19的粗品316mg,直接用于下一步反应,不进一步纯化,LC-MS(APCI):m/z=362(M-1)-。
步骤八:化合物20的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物19的粗品(316mg,0.33mmol),2-氨基噻吩(43mg,0.403mmol),DIPEA(55mg,0.403mmol),HATU(163mg,0.403mmol),加入DMF(10mL),氮气保护下25℃反应18小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应液中加入水50mL,用乙酸乙酯萃取4次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到化合物20(154mg),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=399(M+1)+。
步骤九:化合物21的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物20(154mg,0.387mmol),加入二氯甲烷10mL,冷却至-10℃,向反应瓶中滴加三溴化硼(1.5mL,1.16mmol),滴加完成后,升至室温反应2小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应瓶中加入水30mL,用二氯甲烷萃取4次,合并有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到白色固体化合物21(92mg,收率62.2%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=385(M+1)+;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(δ/ppm)12.57(s,1H),9.92(s,1H),7.94(s,1H),7.71(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.60(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.48–7.42(m,1H),7.09(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.89(dd,J=8.9,4.7Hz,1H),6.84(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),6.30(s,1H),4.58(s,0.5H),3.96(s,0.5H)。
实施例3
采用以下合成路线制备2-(5-氟-2-羟基苯基)-2-(1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-y基-3,3-d2)-N-(噻唑-2-基)乙酰胺(化合物25),包括以下步骤:
步骤一:化合物22的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物16(1g,2.91mmol),分5次加入加入锌粉(10g,152mmol)加入氘代乙酸10mL,升温至110℃反应7小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,过滤除去过量的锌粉,浓缩除去乙酸,加入乙酸乙酯40mL,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,浓缩有机相,柱层析纯化后得到化合物22(315mg,收率26.1%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=332(M+1)+。
步骤二:化合物23的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物22(252mg,0.76mmol),加入氢氧化锂(159mg,3.8mmol),加入水(1mL),四氢呋喃(5mL),室温下反应3小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,用1M的盐酸调节pH至5-6,浓缩得到化合物23的粗品340mg,直接用于下一步反应,不进一步纯化,LC-MS(APCI):m/z=316(M-1)-。
步骤三:化合物24的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物23的粗品(340mg,0.76mmol),2-氨基噻吩(100mg,0.968mmol),DIPEA(332mg,2.57mmol),HATU(374m g,0.968mmol),加入DMF(10mL),氮气保护下25℃反应5小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应液中加入水40mL,用乙酸乙酯萃取4次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到化合物24(125mg,两步收率41.2%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=400(M+1)+。
步骤四:化合物25的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物24(125mg,0.312mmol),加入二氯甲烷15mL,冷却至-10℃,向反应瓶中滴加三溴化硼(1.6mL,1.6mmol),滴加完成后,升至室温反应2小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应瓶中加入水30mL,用二氯甲烷萃取4次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到白色固体化合物25(53mg,收率44.1%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=386(M+1)+;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(δ/ppm)12.58(s,1H),9.93(s,1H),7.71(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.60(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.48–7.45(m,1H),7.25(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),7.09(td,J=8.6,3.1Hz,1H),6.89(dd,J=8.9,4.8Hz,1H),6.84(dd,J=9.2,3.0Hz,1H),6.30(s,1H)。
实施例4
采用以下合成路线制备2-(5-氟-2-羟基苯基)-2-(1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基-4,5,6,7-d4)-N-(噻唑-2-基)乙酰胺(化合物34),包括以下步骤:
步骤一:化合物27的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物26(1g,5.88mmol),0℃下加入氯化亚砜10mL,回流反应3小时,浓缩除去过量的氯化亚砜得到化合物27(1.05g,收率~100%)
步骤二:化合物28的合成。
向反应瓶中加入三乙胺(1.56g,15.48mmol),加入DMF(20mL),将化合物12(1.1g,5.16mmol)溶于DMF(15mL)中,将化合物27(1.05g,5.16mmol)溶于DMF(15mL)中,室温下同时滴加入反应瓶中,室温反应3个小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,浓缩后得到化合物28的粗品2.4g,直接用于下一步,LC-MS(APCI):m/z=366(M+1)+。
步骤三:化合物29的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物物28的粗品2.4g,在0℃下加入氯化亚砜15mL,滴加完成后升至50℃反应5小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,浓缩出去过量的氯化亚砜,柱层析纯化得到白色固体化合物29(545mg,两步收率30.1%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=348(M+1)+。
步骤四:化合物30的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物29(545mg,1.57mmol),加入锌粉(1.02g,15.7mmol),加入乙酸15mL,升温至110℃反应5小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,过滤除去过量的锌粉,浓缩除去乙酸,加入乙酸乙酯40mL,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,浓缩有机相,柱层析纯化后得到化合物30(165mg,收率31.7%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=350(M+1)+。
步骤五:化合物31的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物30(165mg,0.498mmol),三氟乙酸(113mg,0.997mmol),用20mL二氯甲烷溶解,冷却至0℃,缓慢滴加三乙基硅烷(173mg,1.495mmol),滴加完成后0℃反应2小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应瓶中加入水20mL,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到化合物31(97mg,收率58.7%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=334(M+1)+。
步骤六:化合物32的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物31(97mg,0.292mmol),加入氢氧化锂(61mg,1.46mmol),加入水(1mL),四氢呋喃(5mL),室温下反应3小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,用1M的盐酸调节pH至5-6,浓缩得到化合物32的粗品120mg,直接用于下一步反应,不进一步纯化,LC-MS(APCI):m/z=318(M-1)-。
步骤七:化合物33的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物32(120mg,0.292mmol),2-氨基噻吩(30mg,0.38mmol),DIPEA(100mg,0.76mmol),HATU(144mg,0.38mmol),加入DMF(5mL),氮气保护下25℃反应6小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应液中加入水50mL,用乙酸乙酯萃取4次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到化合物33(45mg,收率~38.4%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=402(M+1)+。
步骤八:化合物34的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物33(154mg,0.387mmol),加入二氯甲烷10mL,冷却至-10℃,向反应瓶中滴加三溴化硼(1.5mL,1.16mmol),滴加完成后,升至室温反应2小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应瓶中加入水30mL,用二氯甲烷萃取4次,合并有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到白色固体化合物34(92mg,收率62.2%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=388(M+1)+;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(δ/ppm)12.58(s,1H),9.92(s,1H),7.47(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),7.25(s,1H),7.09(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.94-6.80(m,2H),6.30(s,1H),4.60(d,J=17.3Hz,1H),3.97(d,J=17.4Hz,1H)。
实施例5
采用以下合成路线制备胺2-(5-氟-2-羟基苯基-3-d)-2-(1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)乙酰胺(化合物42),包括以下步骤:
步骤一:化合物35的合成。
向反应瓶中对氟苯甲醚(400mg,3.17mmol),加入二氯甲烷30mL溶解,冷却至-10℃,三溴化硼(1.44g,15.86mmol)滴加入反应中,滴加完成后室温反应3小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,加入水20mL,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化得到化合物35(400mg,收率~100%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=113(M+1)+。
步骤二:化合物36的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物35(0.4g,3.57mmol)和氢氧化钠(71mg,1.78mmol),加入重水10mL溶解,用微波加热至180℃反应1小时,冷却至室温,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得到化合物36(400mg,收率~100%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=115(M+1)+。
步骤三:化合物37的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物36(0.4g,3.57mmol),碳酸钾(1.323g,8.9mmol),加入DMF(15mL),室温下加入碘甲烷(1.25g,8.9mmol),室温搅拌5小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,30mL水加入到反应中,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩后得到化合物37(400mg,收率89%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=129(M+1)+。
步骤四:化合物38的合成。
向反应瓶中加入甲基磺酸4mL,冷却至0℃,加入化合物37(426mg,3.33mmol),0℃下加入α-羟基马尿酸(650mg,3.33mmol),室温下搅拌1小时,将反应物缓慢滴加至冰水中,有白色固体洗出,过滤,滤饼用水洗涤,真空烘干后得到化合物38(345mg,收率34.15%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=303(M-1)-。
步骤五:化合物39的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物38(650mg,2.14mmol),加入6N盐酸60mL,升温至100℃,反应48小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,冷却至室温,过滤,滤液浓缩后得到白色固体,用乙酸乙酯打浆纯化得到化合物39(345mg,收率80.7%)。LC-MS(APCI):m/z=199(M-1)-。
步骤六:化合物40的合成。
氮气保护下向反应瓶中化合物39(345mg,1.725mmol),邻苯二醛(231mg,1.725mmol),用6mL乙酸溶解,升温至120℃反应1小时,冷却至室温,浓缩反应液得到化合物40的粗品(688mg,收率100%),直接用于下一步,不进行进一步纯化,LC-MS(APCI):m/z=315(M-1)-。
步骤七:化合物41的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物40的粗品(688mg,2.17mmol)和2-氨基噻唑(282mg,2.812mmol),DIPEA(9279mg,2.175mmol),HATU(1.07g,2.812mmol),加入DMF(20mL),氮气保护下25℃反应3小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应液中加入水50mL,用乙酸乙酯萃取4次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到化合物41(227mg,收率26.3%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=399(M+1)+。
步骤八:化合物42的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物41(227mg,0.569mmol),加入二氯甲烷30mL,冷却至-10℃,向反应瓶中滴加三溴化硼(713mL,2.85mmol),滴加完成后,升至室温反应2小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应瓶中加入水30mL,用二氯甲烷萃取4次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到白色固体化合物42(151mg,收率68.9),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=383.0(M-1)-;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(δ/ppm)12.58(s,1H),9.92(s,1H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.60(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.49-7.45(m,1H),7.25(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),7.09(dd,J=8.3,3.1Hz,1H),6.84(dd,J=9.2,3.0Hz,1H),6.30(s,1H),4.60(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),3.98(d,J=17.5Hz,1H)。
实施例6
采用以下合成路线制备2-(5-氟-2-羟基苯基)-2-(1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基)乙酰胺-2-d(化合物46),包括以下步骤:
步骤一:化合物43的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物4(800mg,4mmol)加入水杨醛(304mg,2.32mmol)和氘代乙酸6mL,升温至80℃反应4小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,冷却至室温,浓缩除去氘代乙酸,加入2mL乙酸乙酯,室温搅拌30分钟,过滤出白色固体,烘干得到化合物43(625mg,收率78.1%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=199(M-1)-。
步骤二:化合物44的合成。
氮气保护下向反应瓶中化合物43(750mg,3.75mmol),邻苯二醛(502mg,3.75mmol),用3mL乙酸溶解,升温至120℃反应1小时,冷却至室温,浓缩反应液,柱层析纯化得到化合物44(414mg),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=315(M-1)-。
步骤三:化合物45的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物44(200mg,0.63mmol)和2-氨基噻唑(81.9mg,0.819mmol),DIPEA(80mg,0.63mmol),HATU(311m g,0.819mmol),加入DMF(15mL),氮气保护下25℃反应4小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应液中加入水30mL,用乙酸乙酯萃取4次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到化合物45的粗品316mg,LC-MS(APCI):m/z=399(M-1)-
步骤四:化合物46的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物45(316mg,0.794mmol),加入二氯甲烷15mL,冷却至-10℃,向反应瓶中滴加三溴化硼(4mL,4mmol),滴加完成后,升至室温反应2小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应瓶中加入水30mL,用二氯甲烷萃取4次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到白色固体化合物46(121mg,收率39.8%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=383(M-1)-;1HNMR(500MHz,DMSO)(δ/ppm)12.59(s,1H),9.93(s,1H),7.71(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.60(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),7.10(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.89(dd,J=8.9,4.7Hz,1H),6.84(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.60(d,J=17.5Hz,1H),3.97(d,J=17.6Hz,1H)。
实施例7
采用以下合成路线制备2-(5-氟-2-羟基苯基)-2-(1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)-N-(噻唑-2-基-5-d)乙酰胺-2-d(化合物48),包括以下步骤:
步骤一:化合物47的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物44(241mg,0.76mmol),化合物9(99mg,0.998mmol),DIPEA(98mg,0.76mmol),HATU(372m g,0.998mmol),加入DMF(10mL),氮气保护下25℃反应5小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,加入水30mL,用乙酸乙酯萃取4次,合并有机相,柱层析纯化得到化合物47(280mg),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=400(M+1)+。
步骤二:化合物48的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物47(280mg,0.701mmol),加入二氯甲烷15mL,冷却至-10℃,向反应瓶中滴加三溴化硼(3.5mL,3.5mmol),滴加完成后,升至室温反应2小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应瓶中加入水30mL,用二氯甲烷萃取4次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到白色固体化合物48(38mg,收率25.2%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=384(M-1)-;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(δ/ppm)12.59(s,1H),9.93(s,1H),7.71(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.60(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.48(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),7.10(td,J=8.5,3.0Hz,1H),6.89(dd,J=8.8,4.7Hz,1H),6.84(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),4.60(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),3.99(dd,J=22.0,12.5Hz,1H)。
实施例8
采用以下合成路线制备2-(5-氟-2-羟基苯基)-2-(1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基-4,5,6,7-d4)-N-(噻唑-2-基-5-d)乙酰胺(化合物50),包括以下步骤:
步骤一:化合物49的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物32(212mg,0.6648mmol),化合物9(56mg,0.554mmol),DIPEA(194mg,1.04mmol),HATU(273mg,0.72mmol),加入DMF(5mL),氮气保护下25℃反应4小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应液中加入水50mL,用乙酸乙酯萃取4次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到化合物49(108mg,收率49.1%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=403(M+1)+。
步骤二:化合物50的合成。
向反应瓶中加入化合物49(108mg,0.268mmol),加入二氯甲烷10mL,冷却至-10℃,向反应瓶中滴加三溴化硼(0.8mL,0.8mmol),滴加完成后,升至室温反应2小时,TLC检测原料反应完全,向反应瓶中加入水30mL,用二氯甲烷萃取4次,合并有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化后得到白色固体化合物50(63mg,收率61.1%),LC-MS(APCI):m/z=389(M+1)+;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(δ/ppm)12.58(s,1H),9.93(s,1H),7.47(s,1H),7.09(td,J=8.6,3.1Hz,1H),6.89(dd,J=8.9,4.8Hz,1H),6.84(dd,J=9.2,3.1Hz,1H),6.30(s,1H),4.60(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),3.97(d,J=17.4Hz,1H)。
实施例9
对以上实施例得到的化合物进行生物评价,以确定它们的生物学活性。此外,在人A431皮肤癌细胞及人NCI-H1975和HCC827肺癌细胞细胞系中,筛选一些这些化合物中的抗增殖活性,且证明活性在<20nM范围。评价所述化合物在关注的肿瘤细胞上的细胞毒性或生长抑制作用。
(1)EGFR激酶抑制作用
通过测试实施例1~8的化合物抑制多种关注的蛋白激酶的能力,以确定它们的生物学活性。通过测试发现,这些化合物对EGFR激酶显示出强效的抑制活性。具体方法为:
化合物配制:受试化合物溶于DMSO配成20mM母液。在DMSO中梯度稀释成100倍终浓度的稀释液。加药时用缓冲液稀释成10倍终浓度的稀释液。
EGFR及EGFR[T790M/L858R]激酶检测:配制缓冲液后,将酶与预先稀释配制的不同浓度化合物混合10分钟,每个浓度双复孔。加入对应底物及ATP,室温反应20分钟(其中设置阴阳性对照)。反应完毕加入检测试剂,室温孵育30分钟后上机检测,采集数据。根据Graphpad 5.0软件进行数据分析及拟图。
EGFR[d746-750]激酶检测:配制缓冲液后,将酶和抗体的混合溶液与预先稀释配制的不同浓度化合物混合10分钟,每个浓度双复孔。加入Kinase tracer 199,室温孵育60分钟(其中设置阴阳性对照)。反应完毕后上机检测,采集数据,进行分析及拟图。
(2)细胞毒性作用
采用MTS方法检测了本发明化合物对体外培养的2株肿瘤细胞的体外抗增殖活性。实验结果表明本发明化合物对体外培养的癌细胞的体外增殖具有抑制作用;其中对肺癌细胞的体外增殖的抑制作用比皮肤癌细胞的体外增殖的抑制作用强。
细胞系:皮肤癌细胞A431(购自美国标准生物品收藏中心(ATCC));肺癌细胞NCI-H1975(购自美国标准生物品收藏中心(ATCC))和HCC827(购自美国标准生物品收藏中心(ATCC));均用含10%胎牛血清、100U/ml青霉素、100μg/ml链霉素的RPMI1640培养基培养。
试剂和耗材:RPMI-1640(GIBCO,目录号A10491-01);胎牛血清(GIBCO,目录号10099141);0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA(GIBCO,目录号25200);青霉素-链霉素;液体(GIBCO,目录号15140-122);DMSO(Sigma,目录号D2650);MTS测试试剂盒(Promega,目录号G3581),96孔板(Corning,目录号3365)。
具体实验方法:
化合物配制:受试化合物溶于DMSO配成20mM母液,-20℃保存。用DMSO等梯度3倍稀释,稀释10倍。加药时再用细胞培养基稀释4倍。
MTS细胞活力检测:0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化对数生长期细胞,按已优化的密度接种150μl于96孔板,24小时后加入培养基稀释4倍的化合物,50μl/孔(一般选择十个浓度:100、33.3、11.1、3.70、1.23、0.412、0.137、0.0457、0.0152、0.00508μM)。以加入同样体积的0.5%DMSO的孔作为对照。细胞继续培养72小时后,MTS检测细胞活力。
具体操作:贴壁细胞,弃去培养基,每孔加入含20μL MTS和100μl培养基的混合液。放入培养箱继续培养1-4小时后检测OD490,以OD650值作为参考。用GraphPad Prism软件制作量效曲线并计算IC50。
按照上述方法对实施例1-8的化合物进行EGFR激酶抑制作用和细胞毒性实验,结果显示本发明化合物对EGFR突变体表现出有效的优良抑制活性并且对在正常细胞中表达的EGFR(WT)无抑制活性,所以本发明化合物是可用于非小细胞肺癌患者的有效的安全药物。
(3)代谢稳定性评价
微粒体实验:人肝微粒体:0.5mg/mL,Xenotech;大鼠肝微粒体:0.5mg/mL,Xenotech;小鼠肝微粒体:0.5mg/mL,Xenotech;辅酶(NADPH/NADH):1mM,Sigma LifeScience;氯化镁:5mM,100mM磷酸盐缓冲剂(pH为7.4)。
储备液的配制:精密称取一定量的实施例化合物的粉末,并用DMSO分别溶解至5mM。
磷酸盐缓冲液(100mM,pH7.4)的配制:取预先配好的150mL的0.5M磷酸二氢钾和700mL的0.5M磷酸氢二钾溶液混合,再用0.5M磷酸氢二钾溶液调节混合液pH值至7.4,使用前用超纯水稀释5倍,加入氯化镁,得到磷酸盐缓冲液(100mM),其中含100mM磷酸钾,3.3mM氯化镁,pH为7.4。
配制NADPH再生系统溶液(含有6.5mM NADP,16.5mM G-6-P,3U/mL G-6-P D,3.3mM氯化镁),使用前置于湿冰上。
配制终止液:含有50ng/mL盐酸普萘洛尔和200ng/mL甲苯磺丁脲(内标)的乙腈溶液。取25057.5μL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)至50mL离心管中,分别加入812.5μL人肝微粒体,混匀,得到蛋白浓度为0.625mg/mL的肝微粒体稀释液。取25057.5μL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)至50mL离心管中,分别加入812.5μL SD大鼠肝微粒体,混匀,得到蛋白浓度为0.625mg/mL的肝微粒体稀释液。
样品的孵育:用含70%乙腈的水溶液将相应化合物的储备液分别稀释至0.25mM,作为工作液,备用。分别取398μL的人肝微粒体或者大鼠肝微粒体稀释液加入96孔孵育板中(N=2),分别加入2μL 0.25mM的的工作液中,混匀。
代谢稳定性的测定:在96孔深孔板的每孔中加入300μL预冷的终止液,并置于冰上,作为终止板。将96孔孵育板和NADPH再生系统置于37℃水浴箱中,100转/分钟震荡,预孵5min。从孵育板每孔取出80μL孵育液加入终止板,混匀,补充20μL NADPH再生系统溶液,作为0min样品。再向孵育板每孔加入80μL的NADPH再生系统溶液,启动反应,开始计时。相应化合物的反应浓度为1μM,蛋白浓度为0.5mg/mL。分别于反应10、30、90min时,各取100μL反应液,加入终止板中,涡旋3min终止反应。将终止板于5000×g,4℃条件下离心10min。取100μL上清液至预先加入100μL蒸馏水的96孔板中,混匀,采用LC-MS/MS进行样品分析。
数据分析:通过LC-MS/MS系统检测相应化合物及内标的峰面积,计算化合物与内标峰面积比值。通过化合物剩余量的百分率的自然对数与时间作图测得斜率,并根据以下公式计算t1/2和CLint,其中V/M即等于1/蛋白浓度。
对本发明化合物及其没有氘代的化合物同时测验比较,评价其在人和大鼠肝微粒体的代谢稳定性。作为代谢稳定性的指标的半衰期及肝固有清除率如表1所示。表1中采用未经氘代的化合物EAI045作为对照品。如表1所示,在人/大鼠/小鼠肝微粒体实验中,通过与EAI045对照,本发明化合物可以明显改善代谢稳定性。
表1实施例1-8化合物的代谢稳定性的指标对比表
(4)大鼠药代动力学实验
6只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠,7-8周龄,体重约210g,分成2组,每组3只,经静脉或口服单个剂量的化合物(口服10mg/kg),比较其药代动力学差异。
大鼠采用标准饲料饲养,给予水。试验前16小时开始禁食。药物用PEG400和二甲亚砜溶解。眼眶采血,采血的时间点为给药后0.083小时,0.25小时、0.5小时、1小时、2小时、4小时、6小时、8小时、12小时和24小时。
大鼠吸入乙醚后短暂麻醉,眼眶采集300μL血样于试管。试管内有30μL 1%肝素盐溶液。使用前,试管于60℃烘干过夜。在最后一个时间点血样采集完成之后,大鼠乙醚麻醉后处死。
血样采集后,立即温和地颠倒试管至少5次,保证混合充分后放置于冰上。血样在4℃ 5000rpm离心5分钟,将血浆与红细胞分离。用移液器吸出100μL血浆到干净的塑料离心管中,标明化合物的名称和时间点。血浆在进行分析前保存在-80℃。用LC-MS/MS测定血浆中本发明化合物的浓度。药代动力学参数基于每只动物在不同时间点的血药浓度进计算。
实验表明,本发明化合物在动物体内具有更好的药代动力学性质,因此具有更好的药效学和治理效果。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
2.一种药物组合物,其含有药学上可接受的赋形剂和权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
3.一种权利要求2所述的药物组合物的制备方法,包括:将药学上可接受的赋形剂与权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐进行混合从而形成药物组合物。
4.根据权利要求2所述的药物组合物,其还包含其他治疗药物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的药物组合物,其中,所述其他治疗药物为治疗癌症、心血管疾病、炎症、感染、免疫性疾病、细胞增殖性疾病、病毒性疾病、代谢性疾病或器官移植的药物。
6.权利要求1所述的化合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防与蛋白激酶相关的疾病的药物中的用途。
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