CN108977612B - Smelting method of high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel - Google Patents
Smelting method of high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
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- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0025—Adding carbon material
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly discloses a method for smelting high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel. The process of the invention enables the molten steel alloying process to be more sufficient and improves the yield of alloy by adjusting the formula and optimizing the design of the deoxidation alloying process, and enables the refined slag to have good desulfurization capability and good impurity adsorption capability by controlling the components of the refined slag, thereby reducing the number of impurities in the finished molten steel, greatly improving the cleanliness of the molten steel, reducing the influence of the impurities on the fatigue life of materials, improving the uniformity of steel components as much as possible, controlling component segregation, improving the strength and corrosion resistance of steel for bolts, replacing the refining synthetic slag in the prior art with low-price bauxite, improving the fluidity of a slag system, promoting the adsorption of the impurities, improving the cleanliness of the molten steel, reducing the comprehensive slagging cost, reducing energy consumption and reducing the cost on the premise of ensuring the service performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a method for smelting high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel.
Background
The connecting bolt applied to facilities such as railway, highway steel structure bridges and the like is a high-strength bolt, and because the bolt is in a field environment for a long time, the surface of the bolt and surrounding media (water vapor, salt and the like) are easy to generate chemical and electrochemical actions, so that the bolt is rusted. Particularly, the steel bridge generally spans across rivers, the temperature and humidity are high all the year round, the environment is severe, and bolts are prone to rusting and corrosion after being placed in the environment for a long time, and finally break or crack is caused, so that a potential accident source is formed.
Due to the blocking effect of the inclusions in the steel on the continuity of the steel matrix structure, the steel is separated from the inclusions in the rolling processing, heat treatment and use processes, so that gaps are generated, and indexes such as mechanical property, corrosion resistance and the like of the steel are negatively influenced. In particular, large-size bolt steel used for bridges, roads, railways and the like is under special stress conditions and severe weather environments for a long time, and the steel quality requirement on the bolt steel is high. However, the high-strength bolt steel produced by the current domestic process has low cleanliness and relatively high inclusion content, and most of nonmetallic inclusions are above 1.0 level; in addition, the microstructure and the proportion of the steel are not optimized, so that the toughness matching of the steel is poor, the atmospheric corrosion resistance is poor, and the application of the product in the production of 10.9-grade high-strength bolts is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the strength and the corrosion resistance of the existing bolt need to be further improved, the invention provides a smelting method of high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a smelting method of high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting molten steel: blowing the molten steel, controlling the end point carbon content to be less than or equal to 0.20 wt%, the oxygen content to be less than or equal to 800ppm, and the tapping temperature to be 1600-1650 ℃;
(2) and (3) deoxidation alloying: when the total tapping amount is 1/8-3/20, adding an aluminum block, and when the total tapping amount is 3/16-1/4, sequentially adding ferrosilicon, a carburant, high-carbon ferromanganese, high-carbon ferrochromium and top slag; all the materials are completely added before the steel is tapped to 2/3 of the total tapping quantity;
(3) LF refining: and (3) hoisting the molten steel after tapping to an LF furnace refining station, adding bauxite, lime, calcium carbide and aluminum particles for deoxidation and slagging, and controlling the components of the refining slag as follows: 45-65% of CaO and SiO2≤10％，Al2O320～30％，MgO 3～10％，FeO＜1％，MnO＜1％，R 4～15。
In the prior art, the smelting method of the high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel provided by the invention strengthens the deoxidation effect of molten steel by adjusting alloy elements, so that the strength and atmospheric corrosion resistance of the material are increased; the alloying process of the molten steel is more sufficient by controlling the adding sequence of the materials, and the refined slag has proper liquid phase quantity, good desulfurization capability and good impurity adsorption capability by controlling the components of the refined slag, so that the quantity of the impurities in the finished molten steel is reduced, and the purity of the finished molten steel is improved; by selecting different adding time of alloy elements, the alloy is fully melted and uniformly distributed, the deoxidation effect is enhanced, and the yield of the alloy is improved. By adjusting alloy elements and strictly controlling the cleanliness of molten steel, the influence of inclusions on the fatigue life of the material is reduced, the uniformity of steel components is improved as much as possible, the component segregation is controlled, and the strength and the corrosion resistance of the steel for the bolt are improved.
The invention has the other improvement that the bauxite with low price is adopted to replace the refining synthetic slag in the prior art, the prior art usually adopts a slag system consisting of lime and fluorite, and has the problems of high melting point of the slag system, serious agglomeration phenomenon, poor condition of slag from refining to station, serious corrosion of refractory materials, high comprehensive cost and the like.
Preferably, in the deoxidation alloying procedure, the addition amount of the aluminum blocks is 1-2 kg/t, the addition amount of the ferrosilicon is 2-5 kg/t, the addition amount of the recarburizing agent is 1-2 kg/t, the addition amount of the high-carbon ferromanganese is 8-12.6 kg/t, and the addition amount of the high-carbon ferrochrome is 10.5-19 kg/t.
Adding an aluminum block when the total steel tapping amount is 1/8-3/20, wherein the molten steel is slag-free, so that an aluminum ingot can be directly contacted with the molten steel, the aluminum ingot is rapidly melted, the burning loss of aluminum is reduced, the utilization rate of the aluminum is improved, the pre-deoxidation effect is ensured, and impurities generated by deoxidation at the time are large-particle Al2O3The upward floating discharge of the deoxidation product is facilitated; the ferrosilicon alloy is added for deoxidation, then the recarburizing agent is added, so that the problem that ladle overturning may be caused due to violent carbon-oxygen reaction can be avoided, the alloy is added after deoxidation, the oxidation of the alloy can be reduced, the alloy yield is improved, and finally the top slag is added, so that the top slag and the alloy are prevented from being coiled together, the alloy is not fully melted, and the alloy yield is reduced.
Preferably, in the deoxidation alloying step, the top slag is lime and bauxite; the addition amount of the lime is 3-4.5 kg/t, and the addition amount of the bauxite is 3.5-4.5 kg/t.
Preferably, the content of the aluminum oxide in the bauxite is 80%.
By controlling the addition amount of lime to be 3-4.5 kg/t and the addition amount of bauxite to be 3.5-4.5 kg/t, Al in the slag system can be increased2O3The preferred addition amount of the lime and the bauxite can make the bauxite better promote the dissolution of the lime, make the slag system not contain unmelted lime, improve the fluidity of the slag system, and obtain better desulfurization effect by combining with the specific addition time of the bauxite and the lime.
Preferably, in the LF procedure, the adding amount of the bauxite is 0.4-1.5 Kg/t, the adding amount of the lime is 0.5-2 Kg/t, the adding amount of the calcium carbide is 0.3-1.0 Kg/t, and the adding amount of the aluminum particles is 0.05-0.2 Kg/t.
Preferably, in the LF procedure, the temperature in the refining process is 1630-1680 ℃, and the refining time is 30-45 minutes.
The preferable refining time and the refining temperature can reduce the inclusion in the molten steel and improve the yield of the alloy.
Preferably, in the step (3), in the RH furnace refining process, the vacuum degree is 67-266 Pa, the vacuum circulation treatment time is 15-25 minutes, the RH circulation time is 25-40 minutes, calcium treatment and soft blowing are performed after the vacuum treatment is finished, the Ca content is controlled to be less than or equal to 50ppm, and the soft blowing time is 10-25 minutes.
The preferable RH furnace refining process can further degas and remove the impurities, the small impurities are gathered and grown, the subsequent secondary soft blowing is carried out for 10-25 minutes, the grown impurities can be removed, and the cleanliness is further improved.
Preferably, in the RH procedure, the calcium treatment adopts a mode of feeding calcium silicate wires, the wire feeding speed is 150-300 m/min, and the wire feeding amount is 150-300 m.
The impurities are deformed by feeding the calcium-silicon wire, and the impurities can fully float upwards by the optimal wire feeding speed and wire feeding amount, so that the purity of the molten steel is improved.
Preferably, the chemical components of the high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel are as follows: 0.28-0.40% of C, 0.15-0.30% of Si, 0.60-0.90% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, less than or equal to 0.020% of S, 0.60-1.00% of Cr, 0.20-0.50% of Ni, 0.20-0.50% of Cu and 0.005-0.050% of Ti; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
More preferably, the chemical components of the steel for high-strength atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts are as follows: 0.32-0.38% of C, 0.15-0.30% of Si, 0.60-0.90% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.008% of P, less than or equal to 0.008% of S, 0.60-1.00% of Cr, 0.30-0.40% of Ni, 0.20-0.50% of Cu and 0.005-0.050% of Ti; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel disclosed by the invention has the advantages that C, Cr and Mn elements are added into the components, so that the strength and the hardenability of the material are improved; the content of an impurity element P, S is reduced, Ti is added, grain boundary segregation is reduced, the low-temperature brittleness and delayed fracture resistance of the material are improved, dispersed and fine carbon-nitrogen compounds can be generated by adding Ti to refine austenite grains, the toughness of the steel can be improved while the strength of the steel is improved, and the formed carbon-nitrogen compounds can be used as traps of hydrogen, so that the diffusion of the hydrogen is inhibited and the hydrogen is uniformly distributed; adding alloy elements such as Cu, Ni and Cr to form a passive film on the surface of the alloy, reducing the invasion of hydrogen, preventing the generation of hydrogen induced cracks, and simultaneously effectively improving the atmospheric corrosion resistance; si element is added to improve the weather resistance of the steel by matching with Cu and Cr. The components are matched with each other in a specific proportion, so that the material can meet the mechanical performance requirement of bolt use and has higher atmospheric corrosion resistance.
Preferably, in the molten steel smelting process, the nickel plate, the red copper plate and the scrap steel are added into a converter together for smelting.
Preferably, in the molten steel smelting process, the adding amount of the nickel plate is 2-2.5 kg/t, and the adding amount of the copper plate is 2-5.5 kg/t.
The Cu and Ni alloy and high-quality scrap steel are added into the converter together, so that the problem of insufficient alloy melting caused by difficult LF addition due to large alloy plate area in the follow-up process can be solved, and the problem of converter oxidation can be avoided due to difficult oxidation of the alloy, so that the yield of the alloy can be improved.
Preferably, in the LF refining process, the ferrotitanium is added after slagging is finished.
Preferably, in the LF procedure, the addition amount of the ferrotitanium is 0.1-0.9 kg/t.
The high-strength atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolt steel prepared by the smelting method has the advantages that the microstructure of the prepared high-strength atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolt steel is composed of 40-70% of ferrite and 30-60% of pearlite, the grain fineness is greater than or equal to 5 grade, the tensile strength can reach 700-850 MPa, the yield strength is 550-650 MPa, 1/3 cold upsetting is qualified, the corrosion resistance I index is greater than or equal to 6.5, the section shrinkage can reach 42-60%, the high-strength atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolt steel has good cold processing performance, and the requirement of downstream users for producing large-size 10.9-grade high-strength bolts can be met.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to better illustrate the invention, the following examples are given by way of further illustration.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel, which comprises the following chemical components:
0.28% of C, 0.20% of Si, 0.70% of Mn, 0.01% of P, 0.020% of S, 1.00% of Cr, 0.20% of Ni0.40% of Cu0.020% of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The smelting steps of the steel for the high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt are as follows:
(1) smelting molten steel: desulfurizing molten iron, slagging off the surface of the molten iron to obtain low-sulfur molten iron with the sulfur content of less than or equal to 0.025 wt%, transferring the low-sulfur molten iron and high-quality scrap steel into a top-bottom combined blowing converter, adding 2kg/t of nickel plates and 5.5kg/t of red copper plates into the low-sulfur molten iron for blowing, controlling the end point carbon content of less than or equal to 0.20 wt%, the oxygen content of less than or equal to 800ppm, and tapping at the temperature of 1600 ℃;
(2) and (3) deoxidation alloying: the converter tapping adopts a sliding plate to block slag, 2kg/t of aluminum blocks are added when the converter tapping reaches 1/8-3/20 of the total tapping amount, and 2kg/t of ferrosilicon alloy, 2kg/t of carburant, 10kg/t of high-carbon ferromanganese, 19kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome, 0.5kg/t of bauxite and 5kg/t of lime are sequentially added when the converter tapping reaches 3/16-1/4 of the total tapping amount; all the materials are completely added before the steel is tapped to 2/3 of the total tapping quantity; LF refining: hoisting the molten steel after tapping to an LF furnace
(3) And a refining station, namely hoisting the molten steel after tapping to the refining station of the LF furnace, adding 0.4Kg/t of bauxite, 0.5Kg/t of lime, 1Kg/t of calcium carbide and 0.5Kg/t of aluminum particles, deoxidizing and slagging, and controlling the components of the refining slag as follows: 45-65% of CaO and SiO2≤10％，Al2O320-30%, 3-10% of MgO, less than 1% of FeO, less than 1% of MnO and 4-15%, and adding 0.9kg/t of ferrotitanium alloy after slagging is finished; the temperature of the refining process is 1630 ℃, and the refining time is 45 minutes;
(4) and (3) refining in an RH furnace: the molten steel is hoisted to an RH furnace, pre-vacuumized and subjected to oxygen blowing forced decarburization operation, after the oxygen blowing forced decarburization treatment is finished, vacuumized, the vacuum degree is 67Pa, the vacuum cycle treatment time is 15 minutes, the RH circulation time is 25 minutes, then a calcium silicon wire is fed at the speed of 150m/min, the wire feeding amount is 150m, and then soft blowing is carried out, wherein the soft blowing time is 10 minutes.
The results of the evaluation of the non-metallic inclusions in the high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel prepared in example 1 in accordance with GB/T10561-2005 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant cold forging steel which comprises the following chemical components:
0.35% of C, 0.15% of Si, 0.90% of Mn, 0.025% of P, 0.008% of S, 0.60% of Cr, 0.30% of Ni0.20% of Cu, 0.050% of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The smelting steps of the steel for the high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt are as follows:
(1) smelting molten steel: desulfurizing molten iron, slagging off the surface of the molten iron to obtain low-sulfur molten iron with the sulfur content of less than or equal to 0.025 wt%, transferring the low-sulfur molten iron and high-quality scrap steel into a top-bottom combined blowing converter, adding 2.5kg/t of nickel plates and 2kg/t of red copper plates into the low-sulfur molten iron for blowing, controlling the end point carbon content of less than or equal to 0.20 wt%, the oxygen content of less than or equal to 800ppm, and tapping temperature of 1650 ℃;
(2) and (3) deoxidation alloying: the converter tapping adopts a sliding plate to block slag, 1.5kg/t of aluminum blocks are added when the converter tapping reaches 1/8-3/20 of the total tapping amount, and 3.5kg/t of ferrosilicon alloy, 1kg/t of carburant, 12.6kg/t of high-carbon ferromanganese, 10.5kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome, 1.2kg/t of bauxite and 6kg/t of lime are sequentially added when the converter tapping reaches 3/16-1/4 of the total tapping amount; all the materials are completely added before the steel is tapped to 2/3 of the total tapping quantity;
(3) LF refining: and (2) hoisting the molten steel after tapping to an LF refining station, adding 0.8Kg/t of bauxite, 1.5Kg/t of lime, 0.3Kg/t of calcium carbide and 1.3Kg/t of aluminum particles, deoxidizing and slagging, and controlling the components of the refining slag as follows: 45-65% of CaO and SiO2≤10％，Al2O320-30%, 3-10% of MgO, less than 1% of FeO, less than 1% of MnO and 4-15%, and adding 0.1kg/t of ferrotitanium alloy after slagging is finished; the temperature of the refining process is 1680 ℃, and the refining time is 30 minutes;
(4) and (3) refining in an RH furnace: the method comprises the steps of hoisting the molten steel to an RH furnace, pre-vacuumizing, carrying out oxygen blowing forced decarburization operation, vacuumizing after the oxygen blowing forced decarburization is finished, wherein the vacuum degree is 150Pa, the vacuum circulation treatment time is 20 minutes, the RH circulation time is 35 minutes, then feeding calcium silicon wires at the speed of 230m/min, the wire feeding amount is 300m, and then carrying out soft blowing, wherein the soft blowing time is 25 min.
The results of the evaluation of the non-metallic inclusions in the high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel prepared in example 2 in accordance with GB/T10561-2005 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant cold forging steel which comprises the following chemical components:
0.40% of C, 0.30% of Si, 0.60% of Mn, 0.006% of P, 0.002% of S, 0.80% of Cr, 0.50% of Ni0.50% of Cu, 0.005% of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The smelting steps of the steel for the high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt are as follows:
(1) smelting molten steel: desulfurizing molten iron, slagging off the surface of the molten iron to obtain low-sulfur molten iron with the sulfur content of less than or equal to 0.025 wt%, transferring the low-sulfur molten iron and high-quality scrap steel into a top-bottom combined blowing converter, adding 2.2kg/t of nickel plates and 3.5kg/t of red copper plates into the low-sulfur molten iron for blowing, controlling the end point carbon content of less than or equal to 0.20 wt%, the oxygen content of less than or equal to 800ppm and the tapping temperature of 1620 ℃;
(2) and (3) deoxidation alloying: the converter tapping adopts a sliding plate to block slag, 1kg/t of aluminum blocks are added when the converter tapping reaches 1/8-3/20 of the total tapping amount, and 5kg/t of ferrosilicon alloy, 1.5kg/t of carburant, 8kg/t of high-carbon ferromanganese, 16.5kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome, 2kg/t of bauxite and 7kg/t of lime are sequentially added when the converter tapping reaches 3/16-1/4 of the total tapping amount; all the materials are completely added before the steel is tapped to 2/3 of the total tapping quantity;
(3) LF refining: hoisting the molten steel after tapping to an LF refining station, adding 1.5Kg/t of bauxite, 2Kg/t of lime, 0.6Kg/t of calcium carbide and 1.0Kg/t of aluminum particles, deoxidizing and slagging, and controlling the components of the refining slag to be: 45-65% of CaO and SiO2≤10％，Al2O320-30%, 3-10% of MgO, less than 1% of FeO, less than 1% of MnO and 4-15%, and adding 0.6kg/t of ferrotitanium alloy after slagging is finished; the temperature of the refining process is 1650 ℃, and the refining time is 38 minutes;
(4) and (3) refining in an RH furnace: the molten steel is hoisted to an RH furnace, pre-vacuumized and subjected to oxygen blowing forced decarburization operation, after the oxygen blowing forced decarburization operation is finished, vacuumized, the vacuum degree is 266Pa, the vacuum cycle processing time is 25 minutes, the RH circulation time is 40 minutes, then a calcium silicon wire is fed at the speed of 300m/min, the wire feeding amount is 250m, and then soft blowing is carried out, wherein the soft blowing time is 20 minutes.
The steel for high-strength atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts produced in example 3 was rated for non-metallic inclusions in accordance with GB/T10561-2005, and is as specified in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is different from example 3 in that the order of addition of the respective materials in the deoxidation alloying process of example 3 is adjusted to: aluminum block → carburant → ferrosilicon → ferrochrome → ferromanganese → bauxite, lime.
The non-metallic inclusion rating of the steel for bolt prepared in comparative example 1 was in accordance with GB/T10561-2005, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
In this comparative example, the yield of Mn was 87.5% and the yield of Cr was 87.6%.
In conclusion, the process of the invention improves the yield of Mn to more than 96% from about 80% originally, improves the yield of Cr to more than 95% from about 85% originally, has stable yield of Ti and grades of inclusions in steel less than 1.0 grade by adjusting the formula and optimizing the deoxidation alloying process, greatly improves the cleanliness of molten steel, reduces the influence of inclusions on the fatigue life of materials, improves the uniformity of steel components as much as possible, controls component segregation, improves the strength and the corrosion resistance of steel for bolts, reduces energy consumption and reduces cost on the premise of ensuring the service performance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A smelting method of high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel comprises molten steel smelting, deoxidation alloying, LF refining and RH refining, and is characterized in that,
(1) smelting molten steel: blowing the molten steel, controlling the end point carbon content to be less than or equal to 0.20 wt%, the oxygen content to be less than or equal to 800ppm, and the tapping temperature to be 1600-1650 ℃;
(2) and (3) deoxidation alloying: when the total tapping amount is 1/8-3/20, adding an aluminum block, and when the total tapping amount is 3/16-1/4, sequentially adding ferrosilicon, a carburant, high-carbon ferromanganese, high-carbon ferrochromium and top slag; all the materials are completely added before the steel is tapped to 2/3 of the total tapping quantity;
(3) LF refining: and (3) hoisting the molten steel after tapping to an LF furnace refining station, adding bauxite, lime, calcium carbide and aluminum particles for deoxidation and slagging, and controlling the components of the refining slag as follows: 45-65% of CaO and SiO2≤10％，Al2O320～30％，MgO 3～10％，FeO＜1％，MnO＜1％，R 4～15；
The high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel comprises the following chemical components: 0.28-0.40% of C, 0.15-0.30% of Si, 0.60-0.90% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, less than or equal to 0.020% of S, 0.60-1.00% of Cr, 0.20-0.50% of Ni, 0.20-0.50% of Cu and 0.005-0.050% of Ti; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. The method for smelting high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant steel for bolts according to claim 1, wherein in the deoxidation alloying step, the addition amount of the aluminum blocks is 1 to 2kg/t, the addition amount of the ferrosilicon is 2 to 5kg/t, the addition amount of the carburant is 1 to 2kg/t, the addition amount of the high-carbon ferromanganese is 8 to 12.6kg/t, and the addition amount of the high-carbon ferrochrome is 10.5 to 19 kg/t.
3. The method for smelting a steel for a high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the deoxidation alloying step, the top slag is lime and bauxite; the addition amount of the lime is 5-7 kg/t, and the addition amount of the bauxite is 0.5-2 kg/t.
4. The method for smelting high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant steel for bolts as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the LF process, the addition amount of bauxite is 0.4 to 1.5Kg/t, the addition amount of lime is 0.5 to 2Kg/t, the addition amount of calcium carbide is 0.3 to 1.0Kg/t, and the addition amount of aluminum particles is 0.05 to 0.2 Kg/t.
5. The method for smelting high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the LF process, the temperature in the refining process is 1630-1680 ℃, and the refining time is 30-45 minutes.
6. The method for smelting high-strength atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolt steel as recited in claim 1, wherein in the RH furnace refining process, the degree of vacuum is 67 to 266Pa, the vacuum circulation treatment time is 15 to 25 minutes, the RH circulation time is 25 to 40 minutes, calcium treatment and soft blowing are performed after the vacuum treatment, the Ca content is controlled to be less than or equal to 50ppm, and the soft blowing time is 10 to 25 minutes.
7. The method for smelting high-strength atmospheric corrosion resistant bolt steel as recited in claim 6, wherein in the RH process, the calcium treatment adopts a mode of feeding calcium silicon wire, the wire feeding speed is 150-300 m/min, and the wire feeding amount is 150-300 m.
8. The method of producing steel for high-strength atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolt according to claim 1, wherein in the molten steel producing step, the nickel plate and the copper plate are added to a converter together with scrap steel and are produced.
9. The method for smelting steel for high-strength atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts according to claim 1, wherein in the LF refining process, ferrotitanium is added after slagging is completed.
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| CN110438402B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-02-12 | 首钢集团有限公司 | 1000 Mpa-grade sulfuric acid dew point corrosion resistant bolt steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111676423B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2021-12-14 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Steel for 12.9-grade large-size high-toughness wind power bolt and production method thereof |
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