CN108917908A - A kind of fiber grating ground sound sensor-based system - Google Patents
A kind of fiber grating ground sound sensor-based system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of the present invention provides fiber grating sound sensor-based system, including a kind of fiber grating sound sensing probe, the probe include optical fiber, chirp dim light grid, spring, mass block, chirp dim light grid, cylinder, spring one end are connect with mass block, and the other end is connect with the cylinder；Optical fiber one end is cementing with mass block, and the other end is cementing with cylinder.There is two chirp gratings identical reflectance spectrum, reflectivity to be lower than 1% antiradar reflectivity grating, and be arranged in outside strain sensing workspace, to avoid grating affected by force itself.Present system can realize multi-probe extensive multiplexing.The sensing probe structure invented is simple, high sensitivity, time division multiplexing sensor-based system based on probe building, it can realize extensive, wide area sensor monitoring according to the quantity and sensitivity of specific application scenarios flexible configuration sensor, have a good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor technical field, a kind of in particular to fiber grating sound sensor-based system.
Background technique
Geosound of debris flow refers to mud-rock flow in flow process, and the particulate matter being mingled with can collide with massif on the way, produces
The raw vibration with specific frequency, this vibration just generate geosound of debris flow along the propagation of ditch bank rock.By Monitoring Debris Flow
Sound can carry out early warning to the generation of mud-rock flow, strive for the time of preventing and reducing natural disasters to the maximum extent, casualty loss is effectively reduced
Degree.However, the by comparison monitoring of seismic wave, the ground sound intensity degree that mud-rock flow generates is low, and in the communication process of shallow layer surface
Middle decline is fast, and about 100 meters of maximum propagation distance, significant frequency is in 100Hz or so.Traditional electronic vibration sensor is in mud
It is applied in sound monitoring to rock glacier, but there are larger difficulties in terms of laying and maintenance.Optical fiber sensing technology has highly sensitive
It spends, be easy to the characteristics such as multipoint multiplexing, electromagnetism interference, passive remote monitoring, gain great popularity in the vibration monitoring of complex environment.
For reliable Monitoring Debris Flow acoustical signal, it is desirable that fibre optical sensor has very high sensitivity, and (detectable acceleration is less than
0.1g), intrinsic frequency is higher than 250Hz or so.Further, since the source hair ground of most of mud-rock flows has uncertainty, for standard
Really forecast and the outburst of research mud-rock flow and Evolution Regularity need largely to lay sensor in the region that may be broken out, this is to biography
Multiplexing quantity, sensitivity, monitoring distance and the real-time of sensor are proposed very high requirement.Existing " point type " fiber grating
Sensor is that fiber grating is fixed in mechanical structure to (such as cantilever beam), is conducted by mechanical structure and realizes vibrating sensing,
Sensitivity can substantially meet the requirement of geosound of debris flow monitoring, but be difficult to be multiplexed on a large scale, be not easy in wide scope into
Row is laid；Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques (such as optical fiber Brillouin sensing device (BOTDA), fiber Raman sensor (DTS)) can be compared with
Meet the requirement monitored on a large scale well, but the transducing signal detected is weak, need to extract signal by the data processing of large capacity,
Real-time is bad.
In order to promote sensitivity and the multiplexing capacity of optical fibre vibration sensor, realize to a wide range of, high of geosound of debris flow
Monitoring reliability, some researchers introduce optical fiber water and listen the sensing solutions of meter (see " the fiber optic seismic wave such as Liu Yuliang, He Jun is visited
Progress [J] the laser and optoelectronics progress .2009,11 of survey:21~28. ") it, will be shaken using DFB Fiber laser technology
It is dynamic to change the variation for being converted into wavelength, then this wavelength change is demodulated and amplified by non-equilibrium Michelson fiber-optic interferometer, it realizes
Highly sensitive ground sound sensing, but the program needs to inscribe high reflectance grating on Active Optical Fiber, and preparation process is complicated, can answer
With the limited amount of sensor, and system construction cost is high, rarely has the relevant report in civil field application.Other Fibre Optical Sensors
Technology, optical fiber optical grating Fabry-Perot (FFP) interferometer etc., is difficult to amplify transducing signal in area of light, sensitive
Degree improvement is extremely limited, and system complex, not very practical.Therefore, the novel ground sound of highly sensitive, the strong multiplexing capacity of exploitation passes
Sensor has significant application value.
Summary of the invention
A kind of technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide fiber grating sound sensor-based system, system structure letter
The advantages that single, easy to make, high sensitivity, flexible configuration.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows：
A kind of fiber grating ground sound sensor-based system, including laser light source, electrooptic modulator, optical circulator, transmission fiber, with
And a kind of ground sound sensing probe, the first port of the optical circulator connect laser light source；The second port of optical circulator connects
Transmission fiber；Multiple described ground sound sensing probes are concatenated in the transmission fiber；The third port of optical circulator connects the light
Electric explorer；Photodetector is connect with the data collecting card converted with A/D；The first port of the time delay module connects electric light
Modulator；The second port of time delay module connects the external trigger port of the data collecting card；The computer and time delay module
Control port connection；The connection of the output port of computer and data collecting card.
The operation wavelength of the laser light source is located in the reflection spectral limit of the chirp grating in described ground sound sensing probe.
A kind of fiber grating sound sensor-based system method for sensing, the continuous light of light source after electrooptic modulator is modulated,
Light pulse is formed, light pulse enters optical circulator, enters back into described ground sound sensing probe, forms reflection in each probe positions
Interference pulse signal enters photodetector using optical circulator, and the variation of optical signal is converted to the variation of electric signal.Prolong
When module trigger data acquisition card be acquired, send the digital signal containing phase change information to computer, computer
Phase demodulation algorithm is called, the phase change of digital signal is identified, demodulates Vibration Parameter.
Described ground sound sensing probe is concatenated by optical fiber, and the time delay module generates the controllable pulse of two-way time delay,
The electrooptic modulator and the data collecting card are driven, it is relevant based on sound sensing probe reflection in different location Shangdi on single fiber
The time delay difference of pulsed optical signals is acquired and is handled respectively, realizes multiple spot time division multiplexing.
A kind of fiber grating sound sensor-based system method for sensing, be applied to mud-rock flow and monitor.
Fiber grating sound sensor-based system work and principle of multiplexing it is as follows：
The light that laser light source issues is injected into single fiber Michelson interference sensor by circulator, it is assumed that chirp grating
(2) and chirp grating (6) reflection coefficient is R0, the light intensity of laser is I0, then chirp grating (2) reflected light is I0*R0, transmitted light
For I0*(1-R0).When transmitted light is incident on chirp grating (6), the intensity for reflecting signal is I0*(1-R0)*R0, it is logical to reflect signal
Intensity after crossing chirp grating (2) is：I0*(1-R0)2*R0.Then (6) two beam return light of chirp grating (2) and chirp grating is strong
Degree the ratio between be：1:(1-R0)2.
It is lower than 1% dim light grid for reflectivity, influence of the multiple reflections to interference fringe between two gratings is very
It is limited, it can be approximated to be constant power two-beam.Two-beam is the reflected light of same laser light source, the direction of propagation having the same and
Stable phase difference, therefore two-beam interference can be generated, meet the condition of Michelson interference, therefore have：
ID≈2R0*I0*{1+cos[4πneffL/λ+φr]} (1)
In formula, IDFor the light intensity of two-beam interference, L is the distance between two gratings, φrFor the phase difference between two gratings.
When the optical fiber between two gratings is by external disturbance, the phase difference of interference signal changes △ φ：
By formula (2) it is found that after the wavelength of light source determines, between the interferometric phase variation coefficient and grating of two beam interferometer light
It is directly related away from L.Grating distance is longer, and the sensitivity of phase change is higher.Studies have shown that the phase change of common grating is：
In formula, d is the length of grating.The length of most of gratings is in several millimeters, and Michelson interference sensor two
The distance between a grating is theoretically determined by the coherence length of laser light source.Comparison expression (2) and (3) are it is found that similarly answering
Under variable element, the remolding sensitivity monochromatic light grid of single fiber Michelson interference sensor are L/d times high.For example it is assumed that the length of grating
Brachium L for 6mm, Michelson interference sensor is 180mm, then the sensitivity of system can be improved 30 times！
In the production of actual ground sound sensing probe, influenced to guarantee grating itself not by stress, so as to cause phase
Position variation error, grating is individually enclosed in other than the stress workspace of optical fiber.In addition, being wanted according to different geosound of debris flow
It asks, the length of sensing probe mechanical structure can be improved, stress siding-to-siding block length L changes the spirit of probe between flexible modulation grating
Sensitivity.
Multi probe is multiplexed, dim light grid time-division multiplex technology can be used, that is, select the chirp dim light grid system of co-wavelength
It pops one's head in, multiple probes is sequentially connected in series.In vibration monitoring, time delay module generates the arteries and veins of two-way time delay programmable regulating
Punching, respectively drives the electrooptic modulator and the data collecting card, since the ground sound sensing probe on different location is reflected back
The coherent pulse optical signal time delay come is different, by adjusting the time delay value of time delay module, reflects capture card in target probe and believes
Number reach when be triggered, capture card acquisition current demand signal simultaneously handle, and other positions probe reflection signal will be isolated.It is based on
This method can successively detect the vibration signal of each probe, realize multi-probe time division multiplexing by preset different time delay value.
And the extraction of preset time delay value, it can be in system electrification, through the scanning to entire fibre circuit, in conjunction with optical grating reflection signal
Intensity positioning obtain and save, be not necessarily to human configuration.The multiplexing capacity of system is directly related with the reflectivity of grating is selected, example
Such as, the preparing grating probe of reflectivity 1% is selected, multiplexing quantity can be with the wavelength division multiplex scheme of traditional high reflectance grating
(WDM) quite.When optical grating reflection rate drops to 0.01%, 500 sensing probes of single operation window reusable.Therefore, the invention
Sensor-based system not only may be implemented highly sensitive sensing, but also light can be adjusted according to the requirement of specific monitoring object or application scenarios
The parameters such as reflectivity, the time delay of grid realize the extensive multiplexing of sensing probe, have splendid adaptability.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1, interference structure is simple, high sensitivity.Using typical piston type vibrating sensing structure, realized in an optical fiber
Double grating interference turns processing without carrying out special envelope to grating, and physical structure is simple；Utilize the mikey of weak chirped grating reflection light
Er Xun interference, remolding sensitivity monochromatic light grid are L/d times high.
2, dim light grid manufacture craft is mature.Antiradar reflectivity chirp grating can directly be prepared on ordinary optic fibre, especially suitable
It closes wire drawing tower process and makes grating, need to only be required to carry out grating inscription according to line space design in fiber drawing process, be easy to work
Industry metaplasia produces；
3, system suitability is strong, can be according to application scenarios flexible configuration.The sensitivity of probe can be according to specific application
Occasion flexible design designs different grating space length to adjust the sensitivity of interferometer；Probe multiplexing quantity can lead to
The reflectivity for overregulating grating is extended, and segmentation connects；The position of probe can also arbitrarily select, and be not necessarily to specific installation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that sensing probe of the present invention is constituted using double grating；
Fig. 2 is the structure chart that time division multiplexing sensor-based system is constituted using inventive sensor；
In figure：1-optical fiber, the 2-the first chirp grating, 3-springs, 4-mass blocks, 5-cylinders, the 6-the second chirped light
Grid, 7-laser light sources, 8-electrooptic modulators, 9-optical circulators, 10-transmission fibers, 11-ground sound sensing probes, 12-light
Electric explorer, 13-data collecting cards, 13-time delay modules, 14-computers.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below in conjunction with attached drawing：
Fiber grating of the invention sound sensing probe structure as shown in Figure 1, include optical fiber 1, the first chirp grating 2, bullet
Spring 3, mass block 4, the second chirp grating 6, cylinder 5.Mass block 4 is suspended from cylinder inboard wall, and 5 center top of cylinder is equipped with entrance hole,
Optical fiber 1 is introduced by the entrance hole of cylinder 5, and after mass block 4, the other end is drawn in the leadout hole that the support of cylinder 5 opens up.Bullet
3 one end of spring is connect with mass block 4, and 3 other end of spring is connect with cylinder 5；1 one end of optical fiber and mass block 4 are cementing, and optical fiber 1 is another
It holds cementing with cylinder 5.
First chirp grating 2, the second chirp grating 6 are chirp dim light grid.Chirp grating has wider reflectance spectrum, can be really
Guarantor is not influenced by factors such as temperature, to effective reflection of incident laser under complex environment；Dim light grid are multiple with the strong time-division
With ability, the probe of production is facilitated to be multiplexed on a large scale according to actual needs.
The first chirp grating 2, the second chirp grating 6, the first chirp grating 2, the second chirp grating 6 tool are inscribed on optical fiber 1
There are identical reflective spectral property, reflectivity 0.1%, the distance between two gratings are 180mm.Geosound of debris flow detection requirement
The sensitivity of sensing reaches 0.1g, and close to the lower limit of common grating sensor, designing the distance between two gratings is 180mm, spirit
Sensitivity can promote 30 times (about 14dB), can preferably meet geosound of debris flow detection requirement, and have preferable economy.
First chirp grating 2, the second chirp grating 6 are located near the cementing point of optical fiber, outside strain sensing workspace, to avoid
Grating itself affected by force, to generate uncertain influence to phase change.
A kind of fiber grating geosound of debris flow time division multiplexing sensor-based system of the invention is as shown in Fig. 2, include laser light source
7, electrooptic modulator 8, optical circulator 9, transmission fiber 10, ground sound sensing probe 11, photodetector 12, the number with A/D conversion
According to capture card 13, time delay module 14, computer 15.The first port of optical circulator 9 connects laser light source 7；The of optical circulator 9
Two-port netwerk connects transmission fiber 10；Multiple ground sound sensing probe 11 is concatenated in transmission fiber 10；The third port of optical circulator 9 connects
State photodetector 12；Photodetector 12 is connect with the data collecting card 13 converted with A/D；The first port of time delay module 14
Connect electrooptic modulator 8；The external trigger port of the second port connection data collecting card 13 of time delay module 14；Computer 15 with prolong
When module 14 control port connection；Computer 15 is connect with the output port of data collecting card.
When the transducer system equipment operation of the invention, narrow-linewidth laser light source issues the continuous optical power signals of about 10dBm,
The operation wavelength of laser light source 7 is located in the reflection spectral limit of the first chirp grating 2, the second chirp grating 6.The continuous light of light source
After the system of electrooptic modulator tune 8, the light pulse for being greater than 50ns is formed, light pulse enters optical circulator 9, enters back into ground sound sensing
Probe 11 forms the interference pulse signal of reflection in each probe positions, enters photodetector 12 using optical circulator 9,
The variation of optical signal is converted to the variation of electric signal, at this point, the trigger data acquisition card 13 after being delayed is acquired, conversion
Computer 15 is sent at digital signal, computer 15 calls PGC phase demodulation algorithm, identifies the phase change of digital signal,
Demodulate Vibration Parameter.
Ground sound sensing probe 11 is concatenated by optical fiber, and the time delay module 14 generates two-way time delay programmable regulating
Pulse drives the electrooptic modulator 8 and the data collecting card 13, relevant based on the reflection of different location Shangdi sound sensing probe
The time delay difference of pulsed optical signals is acquired and is handled respectively, realizes multiple spot time division multiplexing.
Time delay module 14 according to the present invention etc. has in optical time domain reflection, large-capacity fiber grating sensing field
Using, and the relevant technologies of phase demodulation modules, it listens in meter etc. and has been widely applied in water.Part reality is only enumerated herein
Existing mode, does not do specific narration to the detail characteristic of module again.
Core of the invention is the characteristics of for geosound of debris flow monitoring, introduces chirp dim light grid Michelson interference skill
The highly sensitive sensing probe of art production, and combine the stronger time division multiplexing ability of dim light grid, building can be multiplexed on a large scale, wide area
The fiber Bragg grating sensor network of laying, has a good application prospect.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of fiber grating ground sound sensor-based system, including laser light source（7）, electrooptic modulator（8）, optical circulator（9）, transmission
Optical fiber（10）And any ground sound sensing probe as described in claim 1 ~ 3（11）, it is characterised in that：The ring of light row
Device（9）First port connect laser light source（7）；Optical circulator（9）Second port connect transmission fiber（10）；The transmission
Optical fiber（10）The upper multiple described ground sound sensing probes of concatenation（11）；Optical circulator（9）Third port connect the photodetection
Device（12）；Photodetector（12）With the data collecting card converted with A/D（13）Connection；The time delay module（14）First end
Mouth connection electrooptic modulator（8）；Time delay module（14）Second port connect the data collecting card（13）External trigger port；
The computer（15）With time delay module（14）Control port connection；Computer（15）Connect with the output port of data collecting card
It connects.
2. a kind of fiber grating ground sound sensor-based system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The laser light source（7）'s
Operation wavelength is located at described ground sound sensing probe（11）In the reflection spectral limit of interior chirp grating.
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| CN111399034A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Enhanced hydrophone detection device and method based on low-bending-loss chirped grating array optical fiber |
| CN113310566A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-08-27 | 华北科技学院(中国煤矿安全技术培训中心) | Optical fiber sensor for omnibearing vibration detection |
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| CN102829854A (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2012-12-19 | 苏州南智传感科技有限公司 | Suspended type fiber grating vibration sensor |
| CN103471812A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-12-25 | 武汉理工大学 | Weak-grating detection device and detection method thereof |
| CN104181635A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2014-12-03 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Intensity distribution type demodulation system and distribution type sensing optical fiber |
| CN105180977A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-12-23 | 三峡大学 | Single-fiber Michelson interferometric sensor and sensing system |
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| CN109579887A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-04-05 | 上海第二工业大学 | A kind of time division multiplex optical fiber grating sensing system and method based on composite coding |
| CN111399034A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Enhanced hydrophone detection device and method based on low-bending-loss chirped grating array optical fiber |
| CN113310566A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-08-27 | 华北科技学院(中国煤矿安全技术培训中心) | Optical fiber sensor for omnibearing vibration detection |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105181108A (en) | 2015-12-23 |
| CN108896160B (en) | 2021-04-02 |
| CN108896160A (en) | 2018-11-27 |
| CN108917908B (en) | 2020-10-09 |
| CN105181108B (en) | 2018-06-05 |
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