CN108601766A - Cxcr2抑制剂 - Google Patents
Cxcr2抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108601766A CN108601766A CN201680068015.9A CN201680068015A CN108601766A CN 108601766 A CN108601766 A CN 108601766A CN 201680068015 A CN201680068015 A CN 201680068015A CN 108601766 A CN108601766 A CN 108601766A
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- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
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- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
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Abstract
提供化合物,作为CXCR2抑制剂,具有结构(I):
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是根据35U.S.C.§119(e)要求于2015年11月19日提交的美国临时申请No.62/257,529优先权的申请,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
关于在联邦政府资助的研发项下发明的权利的声明
不适用。
硬盘上递交的“序列表”,表格或计算机程序列表附录的引用
不适用。
背景技术
趋化因子是由多种细胞释放的趋化细胞因子,用于将诸如白细胞(包括巨噬细胞,T细胞,嗜酸性粒细胞,嗜碱性粒细胞,嗜中性粒细胞和骨髓衍生抑制细胞)和内皮细胞的细胞吸引至炎症和肿瘤生长部位。趋化因子主要有两类:CXC-趋化因子和CC-趋化因子。类型取决于前两个半胱氨酸是否相邻(CC-趋化因子),或者是由单个氨基酸分隔(CXC-趋化因子)。目前至少有17种已知的CXC-趋化因子,其包括但不限于CXCL1(GROα)、CXCL2(GROβ)、CXCL3(GROγ)、CXCL4(PF4)、CXCL5(ENA-78)、CXCL6(GCP-2、CXCL7(NAP-2)、CXCL8(IL-8、NAP-1)、CXCL9(MIG)和CXCL10(IP-10)。目前至少有28种已知的CC趋化因子,其包括但不限于CCL2(MCP-1)、CCL3(MIP-1α)、CCL4(MIP-1β)、CCL5(RANTES)、CCL7(MCP-3)、CCL8(MCP-2)、CCL-11(嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子-1(eotaxin-1))和CCL20(MIP-3α)。已知趋化因子家族的各个成员与至少一种趋化因子受体结合,其中CXC-趋化因子通常由CXCR类受体的成员结合,CC-趋化因子由CCR类受体的成员结合。例如,CXCL8/IL-8与受体CXCR1和CXCR2结合。
由于CXC-趋化因子通常会促进嗜中性粒细胞的积聚和活化,因此这些趋化因子涉及参与众多急性和慢性炎症性疾病,例如牛皮癣,类风湿性关节炎,辐射诱导的纤维化肺病,自身免疫性大疱性皮肤病(AIBD),慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)和臭氧诱导的气道炎症(参见Baggiolini等人,FEBS Lett.307:97(1992);Miller等人,Crit.Rev.Immunol.12:17(1992);Oppenheim等人,Annu.Rev.Immunol.9:617(1991);Seitz等人,J.Clin.Invest.87:463(1991);Miller等人,Ann.Rev.Respir.Dis.146:427(1992);和Donnely等人,Lancet341:643(1993),Fox和Haston,射线肿瘤学Radiation Oncology,85:215(2013),Hirose等人,J.Genet.Syndr.Genet.Ther.S3:005(2013),Miller等人,Eur.J.DrugMetab.Pharmacokinet.39:173(2014),Lazaar等人,Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol.,72:282(2011))。
CXC趋化因子的子集,包含ELR基序(ELR-CXC)的那些,与肿瘤血管生成(新血管生长)的诱导有关。这些包括CXCR2配体趋化因子CXCL-1,CXCL2,CXCL3,和CXCL5(Stneter等人JBC 270:27348-27357(1995)。一些CXCR2配体ELR-CXC趋化因子在缺血性中风期间是恶化剂(Connell等人,Neurosci.Lett.,15:30111(2015)。据信所有这些趋化因子都通过与CXCR2结合发挥作用。因此,它们的血管生成活性是由于它们在周围血管中血管内皮细胞(EC)表面上表达的CXCR2的结合和活化所致。
已知许多不同类型的肿瘤产生ELR-CXC趋化因子,并且这些趋化因子的产生与更具侵袭性的表型(Inoue等,Clin Cancer Res 6:2104-2119(2000))和不良预后(Yoneda等人J Nat Cancer Inst 90:447-454(1998))相关。由于ELR-CXC趋化因子是EC趋化性的强有力的趋化因子,它们可能诱导内皮细胞趋向其在肿瘤中的生产位点。这可能是诱导肿瘤血管生成的关键步骤。CXCR2抑制剂将抑制ELR-CXC趋化因子的血管生成活性并因此阻断肿瘤生长。针对CXCL8抗体(Arenberg等,J Clin Invest 97:2792-2802(1996)),ENA-78抗体(Arenberg等,J Clin Invest 102:465-72(1998))和CXCL1抗体(Haghnegahdar等,J.Leukoc Biology 67:53-62(2000))已经证明了这种抗肿瘤活性。
许多肿瘤细胞表达CXCR2,并且肿瘤细胞可以通过分泌ELR-CXC趋化因子刺激其自身生长。因此,除了减少肿瘤内的血管生成之外,CXCR2抑制剂可以直接抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。
CXCR2通常在肿瘤微环境中由骨髓来源抑制细胞(MDSC)表达。MDSC涉及抑制肿瘤免疫应答,并且响应于CXCR2配体趋化因子的MDSC的迁移最有可能负责将这些细胞吸引到肿瘤中(参见Marvel和Gabrilovich,J.Clin.Invest.13:1(2015)和Mackall等人,Sci.Trans.Med.6:237(2014).因此,CXCR2抑制剂可逆转抑制过程并由此使免疫细胞更有效地排斥肿瘤。实际上,阻断CXC-趋化因子受体的激活已被证明可用作抑制肿瘤生长的检查点抑制剂的联合疗法,表明CXCR2阻断剂还可与其他抗肿瘤疗法联合使用增强肿瘤排斥,包括但不限于疫苗或传统的细胞毒性化学疗法(参见Highfill等人,科学转化医学ScienceTranslational Medicine,6:237(2014))。
因此,CXC-趋化因子受体代表了用于开发新的抗炎和抗肿瘤剂的有希望的靶标。
仍然需要能够调节CXC趋化因子受体活性的化合物。例如,与IL-8产生(其负责嗜中性粒细胞和T细胞亚群到炎症部位的趋化性和肿瘤的生长)之增加相关的病症将受益于作为IL-8受体结合抑制剂的化合物。
发明内容
本文的一方面提供具有式(I)的化合物,或其任何盐,溶剂合物,水合物,N-氧化物,互变异构体或旋转异构体,
在上式(I)及本文中,R1和R2各自独立地选自下组:H、卤素、CN、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基和C1-4卤代烷基;R3a选自下组:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、三氟甲基、CH2CF3和CF2CF3;R3b选自下组:H和D;R4选自下组H、C1-8烷基、-Y和C1-4亚烷基-Y;其中Y是芳基或杂芳基,并且每个R4任选被选自下组的一个至四个取代基取代:卤素、-CN、-CO2Ra、-CONRaRb、-C(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、NRaC(O)Rb、NRaC(O)2Rc、-NRaC(O)NRaRb、-NRaRb、-ORa、-S(O)2NRaRb、-NRaS(O)2Rb和-Rc,其中每个Ra和Rb独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基,Rc选自C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;R5a和R5b各自独立地选自下组:H、卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基和CN;R6a和R6b各自独立地选自下组:H、C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;或任选地R6a和R6b一起形成氧代(=O);X是CH或N。
本文提供的化合物可用于选择性结合并抑制CXCR2的活性,并且用于治疗至少部分依赖于CXCR2活性的疾病。因此,本发明在其他方面提供组合物,其含有与药学上可接受的赋形剂混合的一种或多种上述化合物。
在还有的另一方面,本文提供用于治疗本文进一步讨论的各种疾病的方法,其包括向需要这种治疗的对象施用治疗有效量的上式化合物足以治疗疾病的时间段。
又一方面,本文提供了诊断个体疾病的方法。在这些方法中,将本文提供的化合物以标记形式给予对象,随后进行诊断成像以确定CXCR2的存在或不存在。在相关方面,诊断疾病的方法通过使组织或血样与本文提供的标记化合物接触并确定样品中CXCR2的存在,不存在或量来进行。
在一些实施方式中,一定量的化学治疗剂或辐射在本文提供的化合物之前,之后或与其组合施用于对象。在一些实施方式中,当单独施用化学治疗剂或辐射时,所述量是亚治疗量。
附图简要说明
图1A-1J提供了本文所述化合物的结构和生物活性。
具体实施方式
在进一步描述本发明之前,应当理解的是,本发明不限于在此阐述的特定实施例,并且还应该理解的是,本文使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的,而不意在限制。
在提供一定范围的值的情况下,应该理解的是本发明涵盖该范围的上限和下限之间的各中间值,以及该所述范围内的任何其他所述值或中间值,除非上下文另有明确规定,否则(精确)到下限单位的十分之一。这些较小范围的上限和下限可以独立地包括在较小范围内,并且也包含在本发明内,受限于所述范围内的任何特别排除的限值。在所述范围包括限值之一或两个情况下,排除那些包括限值中的任一个或两个的范围也包括在本发明中。除非另外定义,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。
必须注意的是,除非上下文另外清楚地指出,否则如本文和所附权利要求中所使用的,单数形式“一”,“一个”和“该”包括复数指示物。进一步指出,可以撰写权利要求来排除任何可选元素。因此,该陈述旨在用作与权利要求元素的陈述或“否定”限制的使用有关的诸如“单独”,“仅”等的排他性术语的先行基础。
概述
本发明源自以下发现:式I化合物作为CXCR2受体的有效和选择性拮抗剂。该化合物具有体内抗炎活性并具有优异的药代动力学性质。因此,本文提供的化合物可用于药物组合物,治疗CXCR2介导的疾病的方法以及在鉴定竞争性CXCR2拮抗剂的测定中用作对照。
缩写和定义
除非另有说明,否则术语“烷基”本身或作为另一取代基的一部分是指具有指定碳原子数的直链或支链烃基(即,C1-8意味着1至8个碳)。烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基等。术语“烯基”是指具有一个或多个双键的不饱和烷基。类似地,术语“炔基”是指具有一个或多个三键的不饱和烷基。这种不饱和烷基的实例包括乙烯基,2-丙烯基,巴豆基,2-异戊烯基,2-(丁二烯基),2,4-戊二烯基,3-(1,4-戊二烯基),乙炔基,1-和3-丙炔基,3-丁炔基,以及更高级的同系物和异构体。术语“环烷基”是指具有指定数目的环原子(例如C3-6环烷基)并且完全饱和或在环顶点之间具有不多于一个双键的烃环。“环烷基”还意指双环和多环烃环,例如双环[2.2.1]庚烷,双环[2.2.2]辛烷等。术语“环烯基”是指在环顶点之间具有至少一个双键的环烷基。环烯基的实例是环戊烯基和环己烯基。术语“螺环烷基”是指其中单个环顶点连接到分子的两个其他非氢部分的环烷基。螺环烷基取代基是其中亚烷基链的两个碳原子(通常是亚烷基链的末端)连接至分子其余部分中的相同碳原子的取代基。术语“杂环烷基”是指含有1至5个选自N,O和S的杂原子的环烷基,其中氮和硫原子任选被氧化,并且一个或多个氮原子任选被季铵化。杂环烷基可以是单环,双环或多环环系。杂环烷基的非限制性实例包括吡咯烷,咪唑烷,吡唑烷,丁内酰胺,戊内酰胺,咪唑烷酮,乙内酰脲,二氧戊环,邻苯二甲酰亚胺,哌啶,1,4-二恶烷,吗啉,硫代吗啉,硫代吗啉-S-氧化物,硫代吗啉-S,S-氧化物,哌嗪,吡喃,吡啶酮,3-吡咯啉,噻喃,吡喃酮,四氢呋喃,四氢噻吩,奎宁环等。杂环烷基可以通过环碳或杂原子连接到分子的其余部分。
术语“亚烷基”本身或作为另一个取代基的一部分是指衍生自烷烃的二价基团,例如-CH2CH2CH2CH2-。通常,烷基(或亚烷基)基团将具有1至24个碳原子,在本发明中优选具有10个或更少碳原子的那些基团。“低级烷基”或“低级亚烷基”是较短链的烷基或亚烷基,通常具有四个或更少的碳原子。类似地,“亚烯基”和“亚炔基”分别指具有双键或三键的“亚烷基”的不饱和形式。
如本文所用,与本文所述的任何化学结构中的单键,双键或三键相交的波浪线表示单键,双键或三键与分子的其余部分的连接点。此外,延伸到环(例如苯环)中心的键意味着指示在任何可用的环顶点处连接。本领域技术人员将理解,显示为连接到环上的多个取代基将占据提供稳定化合物的环顶点并且在其他方面是空间上相容的。
术语“烷氧基”,“烷基氨基”和“烷硫基”(或硫代烷氧基)以其常规含义使用,并且分别指通过氧原子,氨基或硫原子与分子其余部分连接的那些烷基。另外,对于二烷基氨基,烷基部分可以相同或不同,并且也可以与每个所连接的氮原子结合形成3-7元环。因此,表示为-NRaRb的基团意在包括哌啶基,吡咯烷基,吗啉基,氮杂环丁烷基等。
除非另有说明,术语“卤代”或“卤素”本身或作为另一个取代基的一部分意指氟,氯,溴或碘原子。另外,术语如“卤代烷基”意在包括单卤代烷基和多卤代烷基。例如,术语“C1-4卤代烷基”意指包括三氟甲基,2,2,2-三氟乙基,4-氯丁基,3-溴丙基等。
除非另有说明,否则术语“芳基”是指多不饱和的,通常为芳族的烃基,其可以是单环或稠合在一起或共价连接的多个环(至多三个环)。术语“杂芳基”是指含有1至5个选自N,O和S的杂原子的芳基(或环),其中氮和硫原子任选被氧化,并且一个或多个氮原子任选被季铵化。杂芳基可以通过杂原子连接到分子的其余部分。芳基的非限制性例子包括苯基、萘基和联苯基,而杂芳基的非限制性例子包括吡啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、喹啉基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、苯并三嗪基、嘌呤基、苯并咪唑基、苯并吡唑基、苯并三唑基、苯并异恶唑基、异苯并呋喃基、异吲哚基、吲嗪基、苯并三嗪基、噻吩并吡啶基、噻吩并嘧啶基、吡唑并嘧啶基、咪唑并吡啶、苯并噻唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、异噻唑基、吡唑基、吲唑基、喋啶基、咪唑基、三唑基、四唑基、氧氮茂基、异噁唑基、噻二唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基等。上述每个芳基和杂芳基环系统的取代基选自下述可接受的取代基。
术语“芳基烷基”意在包括其中芳基与烷基连接的那些基团(例如苄基,苯乙基等)。类似地,术语“杂芳基-烷基”意在包括其中杂芳基与烷基连接的那些基团(例如,吡啶基甲基,噻唑基乙基等)。
在一些实施方式中,上述术语(例如“烷基”,“芳基”和“杂芳基”)将包括指定基团的取代和未取代形式。下面提供了每种类型基团的优选取代基。
烷基的取代基(包括通常称为亚烷基,烯基,炔基和环烷基的那些基团)可以是选自下组的各种基团:-卤素、-OR’、-NR’R”、-SR’、-SiR’R”R”’、-OC(O)R’、-C(O)R’、-CO2R’、-CONR’R”、-OC(O)NR’R”、-NR”C(O)R’、-NR’-C(O)NR”R”’、-NR”C(O)2R’、-NH-C(NH2)=NH、-NR’C(NH2)=NH、-NH-C(NH2)=NR’、-S(O)R’、-S(O)2R’、-S(O)2NR’R”、-NR’S(O)2R”、-CN和-NO2,数量为0至(2m'+1),其中m'是该基团中的碳原子总数。R’、R”和R”’各自独立地表示氢,未取代的C1-8烷基,未取代的芳基,被1-3个卤素取代的芳基,未取代的C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基或C1-8硫代烷氧基或未取代的芳基-C1-4烷基。当R’和R”连接到相同的氮原子时,它们可以与氮原子结合形成3-,4-,5-,6-或7-元环。例如,-NR’R”意在包括1-吡咯烷基和4-吗啉基。
类似地,芳基和杂芳基的取代基是变化的并且通常选自:-卤素、-OR’、-OC(O)R’、-NR’R”、-SR’、-R’、-CN、-NO2、-CO2R’、-CONR’R”、-C(O)R’、-OC(O)NR’R”、-NR”C(O)R’、-NR”C(O)2R’、-NR’-C(O)NR”R”’、-NH-C(NH2)=NH、-NR’C(NH2)=NH、-NH-C(NH2)=NR’、-S(O)R’、-S(O)2R’、-S(O)2NR’R”、-NR’S(O)2R”、-N3、全氟(C1-C4)烷氧基和全氟(C1-C4)烷基,数量范围从零至芳环系统上开放化合价的总数;并且其中R’、R”和R”’独立地选自氢,C1-8烷基,C1-8卤代烷基,C3-6环烷基,C2-8烯基,C2-8炔基,未取代的芳基和杂芳基,(未取代的芳基)-C1-4烷基和未取代的芳氧基-C1-4烷基。其他合适的取代基包括通过1-4个碳原子的亚烷基链连接到环原子上的每个上述芳基取代基。
芳基或杂芳基环的相邻原子上的两个取代基可以任选地被式-T-C(O)-(CH2)q-U-的取代基替换,其中T和U独立地为-NH-、-O-、-CH2-或单键,并且q是0-2的整数。或者,芳基或杂芳基环的相邻原子上的两个取代基可任选地被式-A-(CH2)r-B-的取代基取代,其中A和B独立地为-CH2-、-O-、-NH-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-S(O)2NR’-或单键,并且r是1至3的整数。如此形成的新环的单键之一可以任选地被双键取代。或者,芳基或杂芳基环的相邻原子上的两个取代基可以任选地被式-(CH2)s-X-(CH2)t-的取代基取代,其中s和t独立地为0至3的整数,和X是-O-、-NR’-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-或-S(O)2NR’-。-NR’-和-S(O)2NR’-中的取代基R’选自氢或未被取代的C1-6烷基。
如本文所用,术语“杂原子”意在包括氧(O)、氮(N)、硫(S)和硅(Si)。
当变量(例如R1或Ra)在任何成分中出现超过一次时,其在每次出现时的定义独立于其在其他每次出现时的定义。另外,只有当这样的组合产生稳定的化合物时,才允许取代基和/或变量组合。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”意指包括用相对无毒的酸或碱制备的活性化合物的盐,取决于在本文所述的化合物上发现的特定取代基。当本文提供的化合物含有相对酸性的官能团时,碱加成盐可以通过将这种化合物的中性形式与足够量的所需碱在纯净或在合适的惰性溶剂中接触而获得。衍生自药学上可接受的无机碱的盐的实例包括铝、铵、钙、铜、铁、亚铁、锂、镁、锰、亚锰、钾、钠、锌盐等。衍生自药学上可接受的有机碱的盐包括伯胺、仲胺和叔胺的盐,包括取代的胺、环胺、天然存在的胺等,例如精氨酸、甜菜碱、咖啡因、胆碱、N,N'-二苄基乙二胺、二乙胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基哌啶、还原葡糖胺、葡萄糖胺、组氨酸、哈胺、异丙胺、赖氨酸、甲基葡糖胺、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、多胺树脂、普鲁卡因、嘌呤、可可碱、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺、氨丁三醇等。当本文提供的化合物含有相对碱性的官能团时,可以通过使这些化合物的中性形式与足够量的所需酸接触而获得酸加成盐,所述酸可以是纯净的或在合适的惰性溶剂中。药学上可接受的酸加成盐示例包括衍生自以下无机酸的那些:如盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、碳酸、一氢碳酸、磷酸、一氢磷酸、二氢磷酸、硫酸、单氢硫酸、氢碘酸或亚磷酸等,以及由相对无毒的有机酸如乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丙二酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、富马酸、扁桃酸、邻苯二甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、甲磺酸等衍生的盐。还包括氨基酸如精氨酸等的盐,和有机酸如葡糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸等的盐(参见例如Berge,S.M.等,药用盐“PharmaceuticalSalts”,药物科学杂志Journal of Pharmaceutical Science,1977,66,1-19)。本文提供的某些具体化合物含有碱性和酸性官能团两者,其允许化合物转化为碱或酸加成盐。
化合物的中性形式可通过使盐与碱或酸接触并以常规方式分离母体化合物而再生。化合物的母体形式在某些物理性质上不同于各种盐形式,例如在极性溶剂中的溶解性,但是出于本发明目的,在其他方面盐等同于化合物的母体形式。
除了盐形式之外,本发明提供了呈前药形式的化合物。本文所述化合物的前药是在生理条件下易于发生化学变化以提供本文提供的化合物的那些化合物。此外,前药可以通过化学或生物化学方法在离体环境中转化为本文提供的化合物。例如,当将前药置于具有合适的酶或化学试剂的透皮贴剂储库中时,可以将其缓慢转化为本文提供的化合物。
本文提供的某些化合物可以以非溶剂化形式以及溶剂化形式(包括水合形式)存在。一般而言,溶剂化形式相当于非溶剂化形式,并且意图包括在本发明的范围内。本文提供的某些化合物可以以多晶或无定形形式存在。通常,所有物理形式对于本发明所设想的用途是等同的,并且意图在本发明的范围内。
本文提供的某些化合物具有不对称碳原子(光学中心)或双键;外消旋体、非对映异构体、几何异构体、区域异构体和单个异构体(例如单独的对映异构体)均旨在包括在本发明的范围内。在一些实施方式中,本发明化合物以对映体富集形式存在,其中特定对映体的对映体过量的量通过已知方法计算。对映体富集形式的制备在本领域中也是众所周知的,并且可以使用例如经由色谱法的手性拆分或通过手性盐形成来完成。当本文显示特定的立体化学描述时,其意图是指立体化学中该化合物的形式如所显示且基本上不含其他异构体。“基本上不含”另一种异构体表明两种异构体的比例至少为80/20,更优选90/10或95/5或更多。在一些实施方式中,异构体中的一种将以至少99%的量存在。另外,本发明也考虑了不同的构象异构体,以及不同的旋转异构体。构象异构体是可以通过围绕一个或多个σ键的旋转而不同的构象异构体。旋转异构体是因仅围绕一个σ键旋转而不同的构象异构体。此外,本文提供的化合物还可以在构成此类化合物的一个或多个原子处包含非天然比例的原子同位素。因此,在一些实施方式中,本发明的化合物以同位素富集的形式存在。同位素的非自然比例可以定义为从自然界中发现的量到由100%所讨论的原子构成的量。例如,化合物可以掺入放射性同位素,例如氚(3H),碘-125(125I)或碳-14(14C)或非放射性同位素,如氘(2H)或碳-13(13C)。这种同位素变体可以为本申请其他地方描述的那些提供额外的用途。例如,本发明化合物的同位素变体可以发现其他用途,包括但不限于作为诊断和/或成像试剂,或作为细胞毒性/放射性毒性治疗剂。另外,本发明化合物的同位素变体可以具有改变的药代动力学和药效学特征,其可以有助于提高治疗期间的安全性,耐受性或功效。本文提供的化合物的所有同位素变体,无论是否放射性,均旨在包括在本发明的范围内。本文提供的某些化合物以一种互变异构体形式(例如吡啶酮形式)显示,其被本领域技术人员理解为包括所示形式以及另一种互变异构形式(例如羟基-吡啶)。
“CXCR2”是指CXC趋化因子受体2,也称为CD128,IL8RB和IL8受体B型,其基因在人染色体2q35上编码,并且是已知的CXCL1、CXCL2、CXCL3、CXCL5、CXCL6、CXCL7和CXCL8的受体(见Murphy,P.M.,Annu.Rev.Immunol.12:593(1994)和Zlotnik和Yoshie,Immunity,12:127(2000))。
术语“患者”或“对象”可互换使用以指代人类或非人类动物(例如哺乳动物)。
当它们应用于例如对象、细胞、组织、器官或生物流体时,术语“施用”,“给药”等指例如CXCR2抑制剂,包含其的药物组合物或诊断剂与对象、细胞、组织、器官或生物流体接触。在细胞的情况下,给药包括将试剂与细胞接触(例如体外或离体),以及试剂与流体接触,其中流体与细胞接触。
术语“治疗”(treat),“治疗的”(treating),“治疗”(treatment)等是指在已被诊断,观察等的疾病,病况或病症或其症状之后开始的作用过程(例如施用CXCR2抑制剂或包含其的药物组合物)以便暂时或永久性消除,减轻,抑制,缓解或改善对象所患疾病,病况或病症潜在原因至少之一,或对象所患疾病,病况或病症相关症状至少之一。因此,治疗包括抑制(例如,阻止疾病,病况或病症或与其相关的临床症状的发展或进一步发展)。
如本文所用,术语“需要治疗”是指由医师或其他护理人员做出的对象需要或将从治疗中受益的判断。这种判断是基于医生或护理人员专业领域中的各种因素作出的。
术语“预防”(prevent),“预防的”(preventing),“预防”(prevention)等是指以某种方式(例如在疾病、病况或病症或与其症状发作之前)开始的作用过程(例如施用CXCR2抑制剂或包含其的药物组合物)以暂时或永久地预防,阻止,抑制或减轻对象发展疾病,病况或病症等(如通过例如缺乏临床症状所确定)或延迟发作的风险,通常在倾向于患有特定疾病,病况或病症的对象的情况下。在某些情况下,这些术语还指减缓疾病,病况或病症的进展或抑制其发展成有害的或其他不希望的状态。
如本文所用,术语“需要预防”是指由医师或其他护理人员作出的对象需要或将从预防护理中受益的判断。这种判断是基于医生或护理人员专业领域中的各种因素而作出的。
短语“治疗有效量”是指当给药于对象时,以对疾病、病况或病症的任何症状,形势或特征能够具有任何可检测的具有积极作用的量将药剂单独或作为药物组合物的一部分且以单次剂量或作为一系列剂量的一部分施用于对象。通过测量相关的生理效应可以确定治疗有效量,并且可以根据对象病症的给药方案和诊断分析等来调整治疗有效量。举例而言,在给药后的特定时间测量CXCR2抑制剂(或例如其代谢物)的血清水平可指示是否已使用治疗有效量。
短语“足以实现改变的量”意味着在在施用特定疗法之前(例如,基线水平)和之后测量的指标水平之间存在可检测的差异。指标包括任何客观参数(例如血清浓度)或主观参数(例如,对象的幸福感)。
术语“小分子”是指具有小于约10kDa,小于约2kDa或小于约1kDa的分子量的化学化合物。小分子包括但不限于无机分子,有机分子,含有无机组分的有机分子,含有放射性原子的分子和合成分子。治疗上,与大分子相比,小分子可能对细胞更易渗透,不易受降解影响,而且不易引发免疫反应。
术语“抑制剂”和“拮抗剂”,或“激活剂”和“激动剂”分别是指例如用于激活例如配体,受体,辅因子,基因,细胞,组织或器官的抑制或活化分子。抑制剂是减少,阻断,阻止,延迟激活,失活,脱敏或下调例如基因,蛋白质,配体,受体或细胞的分子。激活剂是增加,激活,促进,增强激活,敏化或上调例如基因,蛋白质,配体,受体或细胞的分子。抑制剂也可以定义为减少,阻断或灭活组成型活性的分子。“激动剂”是与靶标相互作用以引起或促进靶标活化增加的分子。“拮抗剂”是一种与激动剂作用相反的分子。拮抗剂阻止,降低,抑制或中和激动剂的活性,并且拮抗剂还可以预防,抑制或降低靶标例如靶标受体的组成型活性,甚至在没有经鉴定的激动剂时。
术语“调节”,“调整”等是指分子(例如激活剂或抑制剂)直接或间接增加或降低CXCR2的功能或活性的能力。调节剂可以单独作用,或者可以使用辅因子,例如蛋白质,金属离子或小分子。调节剂的实例包括小分子化合物和其他生物有机分子。许多小分子化合物文库(例如组合文库)可商购获得,并可作为鉴定调节剂的起点。本领域技术人员能够开发一种或多种测定法(例如,基于生物化学或基于细胞的测定法),其中可以筛选这些化合物文库以鉴定具有所需性质的一种或多种化合物;此后,熟练的药物化学家能够通过例如合成和评估其类似物和衍生物来优化这样的一种或多种化合物。合成和/或分子模型研究也可用于鉴定激活剂。
分子的“活性”可以描述或是指分子与配体或受体的结合;催化活性;刺激基因表达或细胞信号传导,分化或成熟的能力;抗原活性;调节其他分子的活性等等。术语“增殖活性”包括促进例如正常细胞分裂以及癌症,肿瘤,发育不良,细胞转化,转移和血管发生所必需的或与之特异性相关的活性。
本发明的实施方式
A.化合物
在一方面,本文提供具有式(I)的化合物,或其任何盐,溶剂合物,水合物,N-氧化物,互变异构体或旋转异构体,
在上式(I)和本文中,R1和R2各自独立地选自下组:H,卤素,CN,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基和C1-4卤代烷基;R3a选自下组:甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,三氟甲基,CH2CF3和CF2CF3;R3b选自下组:H和D;R4选自下组:H,C1-8烷基,-Y和C1-4亚烷基-Y;其中Y是芳基或杂芳基,并且每个R4任选被选自下组的一个至四个取代基取代:卤素、-CN、-CO2Ra、-CONRaRb、-C(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)2Rc、-NRaC(O)NRaRb、-NRaRb、-ORa、-S(O)2NRaRb、-NRaS(O)2Rb和–Rc,其中每个Ra和Rb独立地选自下组:氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基、Rc选自下组:C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;R5a和R5b各自独立地选自下组:H,卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基和CN;R6a和R6b各自独立地选自下组:H,C1-4烷基,C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;或任选地R6a和R6b一起形成氧代(=O);X是CH或N。
选择的实施方式是以下那些,其中(1)R1选自H,Cl和CH3;或(2)R2是H;或(3)R3a是乙基或异丙基;或(4a)R3b是H;或(4b)R3b是D;或(5)X是CH;或(6)R5a和R5b中各个独立地选自H,Cl和F;或(7)R6a和R6b各自独立地选自H和C1-4烷基;或(8)R4为C1-8烷基,任选地被-卤素、-CN、-CO2Ra、-CONRaRb、-C(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)2Rc、-NRaC(O)NRaRb、-NRaRb、-ORa、-S(O)2NRaRb和-NRaS(O)2Rb取代。实施方式(1)至(8)中的两个或更多,三个或更多,四个或更多,或五个或更多个的组合也设想为进一步选择的实施方式。
在进一步选择的实施方式中,提供了具有式(Ia)的化合物,或其任何盐,溶剂合物,水合物,N-氧化物或旋转异构体,
其中R1选自选自下组:Cl和CH3;R3b选自下组:H和D;R4选自下组:H和C1-8烷基,其中C1-8烷基任选被-CONRaRb、-OC(O)NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)2Rc、-NRaRb或-ORa取代,其中每个Ra和Rb独立地选自氢,C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基,并且Rc选自C1-4烷基,C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;R5a和R5b各自独立地选自H,F,Cl和CH3;R6a和R6b各自独立地选自H,C1-4烷基,C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;或任选地R6a和R6b一起形成氧代(=O)。
在式(Ia)中,进一步选择的实施方式是以下那些:其中R3b是H;R4是H或CH3;R5a是H,F或Cl;R5b是H、F、Cl;R6a和R6b独立地选自下组:H和CH3,或者一起形成氧代(=O)。
在式(Ia)中,还有的其他选择的实施方式是以下那些:其中R3b是D;R4是H或CH3;R5a是H、F或Cl;R5b是H、F、Cl;R6a和R6b独立地选自下组:H和CH3,或者一起形成氧代(=O)。
在其他选择的实施方式中,提供了具有式(Ib)的化合物,或其任何盐,溶剂合物,水合物,N-氧化物或旋转异构体,
其中,R1选自下组:Cl和CH3;R3b选自下组:H和D;R4选自下组:H和C1-8烷基,其中所述C1-8烷基任选被-CONRaRb、-OC(O)NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)2Rc、-NRaRb或-ORa取代,其中每个Ra和Rb独立地选自氢,C1-4烷基,C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基,并且Rc选自C1-4烷基,C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;R5a和R5b各自独立地选自H、F、Cl和CH3;R6a和R6b各自独立地选自下组:H,C1-4烷基,C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;或任选地R6a和R6b一起形成氧代(=O)。
在式(Ib)中,进一步选择的实施方式是其中R3b是H;R4是H或CH3;R5a是H、F或Cl;R5b是H,F,Cl;R6a和R6b独立地选自下组:H和CH3,或者一起形成氧代(=O)的那些。
在式(Ib)中,还有其它选择的实施方式是其中R3b是D;R4是H或CH3;R5a是H、F或Cl;R5b是H、F、Cl;R6a和R6b独立地选自下组:H和CH3,或者一起形成氧代(=O)的那些。
在另一组选定的实施方式中,所述化合物选自下面的实施例或表1中提供的化合物。
在每个选定的实施方式中,所提到的化合物可以以药学上可接受的盐或水合物形式存在。
在一些实施方式中,提供了选自下组的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
更进一步,对于上面没有立体化学显示的那些化合物,本发明还涉及每种化合物的手性形式,以及所述化合物的对映体富集形式。对映异构体富集形式可以根据本领域熟知的方法使用手性色谱法或者例如通过手性盐形式的手性拆分来制备。在一些实施方式中,对映体富集形式的对映体过量为至少10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%或更多。在其他实施方式中,提供至少70%、80%、90%、95%或更多的对映体富集形式。
化合物的制备
本发明的某些化合物可以按照本文件实施例部分所述的方法制备。另外还描述了可用于制备本发明化合物的某些中间体化合物的合成。
B.组合物
除了上面提供的化合物之外,用于调节人类和动物中CXCR2活性的组合物通常含有药物载体或稀释剂。
如本文所用,术语“组合物”旨在涵盖包含特定量的特定成分的产品,以及由特定量的特定成分的组合直接或间接得到的任何产品。“药学上可接受的”是指载体,稀释剂或赋形剂必须与制剂的其他成分相容并且对其接受者无害。
用于施用本发明化合物的药物组合物可以方便地以单位剂量形式存在,并且可以通过药剂学和药物传递领域众所周知的任何方法来制备。所有的方法都包括使活性成分与构成一种或多种辅助成分的载体结合的步骤。通常,通过使活性成分与液体载体或细碎的固体载体或两者均匀且紧密地结合来制备药物组合物,然后,如果需要,将产品成形为期望的制剂。活性目标化合物以对疾病的进展或病症产生所需的效果的足够的量包含在药物组合物内。
含有活性成分的药物组合物可以是适合于口服使用的形式,例如如美国专利申请2002-0012680中所述的乳剂和自乳化剂,片剂,糖锭剂,锭剂,水性或油性混悬剂,可分散粉剂或颗粒剂,硬胶囊或软胶囊,糖浆剂,酏剂,溶液,口腔贴剂,口腔凝胶剂,口香糖,咀嚼片,泡腾粉和泡腾片。意欲用于口服使用的组合物可根据本领域已知用于制造药物组合物的任何方法来制备,并且此类组合物可含有一种或多种选自下组的药剂:甜味剂,调味剂,着色剂,抗氧化剂和防腐剂以提供药学上美观和可口的制剂。片剂含有与适用于制造片剂的无毒的药学上可接受的赋形剂混合的活性成分。这些赋形剂可以是例如惰性稀释剂,如纤维素,二氧化硅,氧化铝,碳酸钙,碳酸钠,葡萄糖,甘露醇,山梨糖醇,乳糖,磷酸钙或磷酸钠;造粒剂和崩解剂,例如玉米淀粉或海藻酸;结合剂例如PVP,纤维素,PEG,淀粉,明胶或阿拉伯胶;和润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸或滑石粉。片剂可以是未包衣的,或者它们可以通过已知技术以肠溶或其他方式包衣,以延迟在胃肠道中的崩解和吸收,并由此在较长时期内提供持续作用。例如,可以使用延时材料,例如单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯。它们也可以通过美国专利号为4,256,108、4,166,452和4,265,874中描述的技术进行包衣从而形成用于控制释放的渗透治疗片剂。
口服使用的制剂也可以作为硬明胶胶囊存在,其中活性成分与惰性固体稀释剂例如碳酸钙,磷酸钙或高岭土混合,或者作为软明胶胶囊存在,其中活性成分与水或油介质,例如花生油,液体石蜡或橄榄油混合。另外,乳剂可以用非水混溶性成分如油制备,并用表面活性剂如单-二甘油酯,PEG酯等等进行稳定。
水性悬浮液含有活性物质,混合有适于制备水性悬浮液的赋形剂。这样的赋形剂是悬浮剂,例如羧甲基纤维素钠,甲基纤维素,羟丙基纤维素,海藻酸钠,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,黄蓍树胶和阿拉伯树胶:分散剂或湿润剂可以是天然存在的磷脂,例如卵磷脂,或环氧烷与脂肪酸的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯,或环氧乙烷与长链脂族醇的缩合产物,例如十七乙烯氧基十六醇,或环氧乙烷与由脂肪酸和己糖醇衍生的偏酯的缩合产物,如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇单油酸酯,或环氧乙烷与由脂肪酸和己糖醇酐衍生的偏酯的缩合产物,例如聚乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯。水性悬浮液也可含有一种或多种防腐剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或正丙酯,一种或多种着色剂,一种或多种调味剂,和一种或多种甜味剂,如蔗糖或糖精。
油性悬浮液可通过将活性成分悬浮在植物油,例如花生油,橄榄油,芝麻油或椰子油,或在矿物油如液体石蜡来配制。油性悬浮液可含有增稠剂,例如蜂蜡,硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。可加入甜味剂,如上面列出的那些,和调味剂以提供可口的口服制剂。这些组合物可以通过加入抗氧化剂,例如抗坏血酸来保存
适合通过加入水制备水性悬浮液的分散粉末和颗粒提供活性成分与分散剂或润湿剂,悬浮剂和一种或多种防腐剂的混合。合适的分散或润湿剂和悬浮剂由上文已提及的举例说明。额外的赋形剂,例如甜味剂,调味剂和着色剂也可以存在。
本发明的药物组合物也可以是水包油乳剂形式。油相可以是植物油,例如橄榄油或花生油,或矿物油,例如液体石蜡或这些的混合物。合适的乳化剂可以是天然存在的树胶,例如阿拉伯树胶或黄蓍树胶,天然存在的磷脂,例如大豆,卵磷脂和由脂肪酸和己糖醇酐衍生的酯或偏酯,例如一油酸山梨糖醇酐酯,所述偏酯与环氧乙烷的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯。乳剂也可含有甜味剂和调味剂。
糖浆剂和酏剂可以用甜味剂配制,例如甘油,丙二醇,山梨醇或蔗糖。这样的制剂还可以含有缓和剂,防腐剂和调味剂和着色剂。口服溶液可与例如,环糊精,PEG和表面活性剂组合来制备。
药物组合物可以是无菌可注射水性或油性悬浮液的形式。这种悬浮液可以根据已知技术使用那些适宜的如上所述的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂剂来配制。无菌注射制剂还可以是在无毒的胃肠外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液或悬浮液,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。可以使用的可接受的媒介物和溶剂是水,林格氏溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。此外,无菌不挥发性油通常用作溶剂或悬浮介质。为此目的,任何温和的固定油都可以使用,包括合成的单-或双酐酯。此外,脂肪酸如油酸也可用于注射剂的制备。
本发明的化合物也可以栓剂形式用于直肠给药。这些组合物可以通过将药物与合适的无刺激性的赋形剂混合进行制备,该赋形剂在常温下是固体,但在直肠温度下是液体,因此将在直肠中融化以释放药物。这样的材料包括可可脂和聚乙二醇。此外,该化合物可以溶液或软膏方式通过眼递送给药。更进一步地,可通过离子电渗贴剂等来实现本发明化合物的经皮递送。对于局部使用,使用含有本发明的化合物的霜剂,软膏剂,凝胶剂,溶液或悬浮液等。如本文所使用的,局部应用还意在包括使用漱口剂和含漱剂。
本发明的化合物还可以连接至载体,其是作为靶向药物载体的合适聚合物。这类聚合物可包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,吡喃共聚物,聚羟丙基-甲基丙烯酰胺-苯酚,聚羟乙基-天冬酰胺-苯酚或棕榈酰残基取代的聚环氧乙烷-聚赖氨酸。此外,本发明的化合物可连接到载体,其是一类可生物降解的聚合物,在实现药物的控制释放中是有用的,例如聚乳酸,聚乙醇酸,聚乳酸和聚乙醇酸的共聚物,聚ε-己内酯,聚羟基丁酸,聚正酯,聚缩醛,聚二氢吡喃,聚氰基丙烯酸酯和水凝胶的交联或两亲嵌段共聚物。聚合物和半渗透聚合物基质可以加工成成型制品,如瓣膜,支架,导管,假体等。
提供包含本公开化合物的药物组合物。在一些实施方式中,药物组合物还包含一种或多种另外的治疗剂。在一些实施方式中,一种或多种另外的治疗剂选自下组:细胞毒性化疗,抗癌或抗肿瘤疫苗,抗免疫细胞因子疗法,免疫细胞因子疗法,嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T细胞受体,基因转移疗法和检查点抑制剂。在一些实施方式中,所述一种或多种另外的治疗剂选自下组:阻断CTLA-4(CD152)、PD-1(CD279)、PDL-1(CD274)、TIM-3、LAG-3(CD223)、VISTA、KIR、NKG2A、BTLA、PD-1H、TIGIT、CD96、4-1BB(CD137)、4-1BBL(CD137L)、GARP、CSF-1R、A2AR、CD73、CD47、色氨酸2,3-双加氧酶(TDO)或吲哚胺2,3双加氧酶(IDO)活性的药物,以及OX40、GITR、4-1BB、ICOS、STING或CD40的激动剂。
C.使用方法
虽然不希望受任何特定理论的约束,但本文提供的化合物和组合物被认为通过抑制CXCR2受体提供治疗效果。因此,本文提供的化合物和组合物可用于治疗或预防哺乳动物中的疾病或病症,其中CXCR2受体的抑制将提供治疗效果。
本发明的另一个方面是单独或与其它药物或活性成分组合使用本文提供的化合物和/或其药学上可接受的盐和/或其前药,用于制备用于治疗或预防趋化因子介导疾病的药物,其中趋化因子与CXCR2受体结合。
因此,本文提供了涉及单独或与其它药物或活性成分组合使用式I化合物和/或其药学上可接受的盐和/或其前药的方法,用于制备药物,其用于治疗或预防类风湿性关节炎、慢性阻塞性肺病、成人或急性呼吸窘迫综合征、哮喘、动脉粥样硬化、心肌和肾脏局部缺血/再灌注损伤、外周肢体缺血/再灌注损伤、炎性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩氏病、胎粪吸入综合征、特应性皮炎、囊性纤维化、牛皮癣、银屑病关节炎、多发性硬化、血管生成、再狭窄、骨关节炎、骨质疏松症、感染性休克、内毒素休克、革兰氏阴性败血症、中毒性休克综合征、中风、肾小球肾炎、血栓形成、移植物抗宿主反应、同种异体移植排斥、移植再灌注损伤、早期移植排斥、急性炎症、阿尔茨海默病、疟疾、呼吸道病毒、疱疹病毒、肝炎病毒、HIV、卡波西肉瘤相关病毒、脑膜炎、牙龈炎、疱疹脑炎、CNS血管炎、创伤性脑损伤、脑缺血/再灌注损伤、偏头痛、CNS肿瘤、蛛网膜下腔出血、手术后创伤、间质性肺炎、超敏反应、晶体性关节炎、急性和慢性胰腺炎、肝脏缺血/再灌注损伤、急性酒精性肝炎、坏死性小肠结肠炎、慢性鼻窦炎、葡萄膜炎、多肌炎、血管炎、痤疮、胃和十二指肠溃疡、肠缺血/再灌注损伤、乳糜泻、食管炎、舌炎、鼻炎、气流阻塞、气道高反应性、毛细支气管炎、闭塞性细支气管炎、闭塞性细支气管炎、机化性肺炎、支气管扩张症、慢性支气管炎、肺心病、呼吸困难、肺气肿、高碳酸血症、过度通气、氧过多诱导的炎症、低氧血症、缺氧、肺缺血/再灌注损伤、肺纤维化、与肺相关的高血压、右心室肥大、与持续不卧床腹膜透析相关的腹膜炎、粒细胞埃立克体病、结节病、小气道疾病、通气-灌注不匹配、喘鸣、感冒、痛风、酒精性肝病、狼疮、烧伤治疗、牙周炎、早产、咳嗽、瘙痒症、多器官功能障碍、外伤、扭伤、挫伤、不受欢迎的造血干细胞释放、血管生成性眼病、眼部炎症、视网膜病或早熟、糖尿病性视网膜病、具有湿型优选和角膜新血管形成的黄斑变性、肿瘤血管生成、癌症和转移。
特别地,本发明进一步涉及式I化合物和/或其药学上可接受的盐和/或前药单独或与其他药物或活性成分组合用于制备药物,其用于治疗或预防急性和慢性炎性疾病,如动脉粥样硬化、缺血/再灌注损伤、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘和风湿性关节炎、细胞因子(例如但不限于IL-8、GRO-α、GRO-β、GRO-γ、NAP-2、ENA-78或GCP-2)介导的疾病,其包括成人呼吸窘迫综合征、炎性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、特应性皮炎、囊性纤维化、牛皮癣、皮炎、多发性硬化症、血管生成、再狭窄、骨关节炎、感染性休克、内毒素休克、革兰氏阴性脓毒症、中毒性休克综合征、中风、肾小球肾炎、血栓形成、移植抗宿主反应、同种异体移植物排斥、阿尔茨海默病、疟疾、病毒感染、创伤性脑损伤、肺纤维化和癌症。
在一些实施方式中,将本发明的化合物和组合物施用于患有癌症的对象。在一些情况下,施用CXCR2抑制剂以治疗癌症,例如恶性肿瘤,神经胶质瘤,间皮瘤,黑素瘤,淋巴瘤,白血病(包括急性淋巴细胞性白血病),腺癌,乳腺癌,卵巢癌,宫颈癌,成胶质细胞瘤,血癌,淋巴瘤,前列腺癌和伯基特氏淋巴瘤,头颈部癌,结肠癌,结直肠癌,非小细胞肺癌,小细胞肺癌,食道癌,胃癌,胰腺癌,肝胆癌,胆囊癌,小肠癌,直肠癌,肾癌,肾脏癌,膀胱癌,前列腺癌,阴茎癌,尿道癌,睾丸癌,宫颈癌,阴道癌,子宫癌,卵巢癌,甲状腺癌,甲状旁腺癌,肾上腺癌,胰腺内分泌癌,类癌,骨癌,皮肤癌,成视网膜细胞瘤,何杰金氏淋巴瘤,非霍奇金淋巴瘤(参见,癌症:原则和实践“CANCER:PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE”(DeVita,V.T.等人1997年编辑)用于其他癌症);以及脑和神经元功能障碍,如阿尔茨海默病,多发性硬化和脱髓鞘疾病;高血压病例如肺动脉高血压;肾功能障碍;肾功能不全;类风湿关节炎;同种异体移植排斥;动脉粥样硬化(和胆固醇水平升高);哮喘;肾小球肾炎;接触性皮炎;炎症性肠病;结肠炎;银屑病;再灌注损伤;以及本文所述的其他病症和疾病。在一些实施方式中,对象不患有卡波西肉瘤,多中心卡斯尔曼病或AIDS相关性原发性渗出性淋巴瘤。
在一些实施方式中,提供了在有需要的对象中治疗CXCR2介导的疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括施用有效量的本公开内容的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或本公开的药物组合物给所述对象。在一些实施方式中,CXCR2介导的疾病是急性或慢性炎性病症。在一些实施方式中,CXCR2介导的急性或慢性炎性病症选自下组:牛皮癣,类风湿性关节炎,辐射诱导的纤维化肺病,自身免疫性大疱性皮肤病(AIBD),慢性阻塞性肺病和臭氧诱导的气道炎症。
在一些实施方式中,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐单独或与一种或多种其他抗癌疗法组合用于治疗癌症。在一些实施方式中,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与细胞毒性化学疗法,抗癌疫苗,抗肿瘤疫苗,抗免疫细胞因子,免疫细胞因子疗法和嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T细胞受体,基因转移疗法中的一种或多种组合用于治疗癌症。在一些实施方式中,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与一种或多种检查点抑制剂组合用于治疗癌症。在一些实施方式中,本公开的化合物与一种或多种抗癌治疗组合用于治疗癌症,所述抗癌治疗选自下组:阻断CTLA-4(CD152)、PD-1(CD279)、PDL-1(CD274)、TIM-3、LAG-3(CD223)、VISTA、KIR、NKG2A、BTLA、PD-1H、TIGIT、CD96、4-1BB(CD137)、4-1BBL(CD137L)、GARP、CSF-1R、A2AR、CD73、CD47、色氨酸2,3-双加氧酶(TDO)或吲哚胺2,3双加氧酶(IDO)活性的药物,以及OX40、GITR、4-1BB、ICOS、STING或CD40的激动剂。
在一些实施方式中,施用本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和/或前药或本公开的组合物以治疗黑素瘤,成胶质细胞瘤,食道肿瘤,鼻咽癌,葡萄膜黑素瘤,淋巴瘤,淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤,原发性CNS淋巴瘤,T细胞淋巴瘤,弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤,原发性纵隔大B细胞淋巴瘤,前列腺癌,去势抵抗性前列腺癌,慢性髓细胞性白血病,卡波西肉瘤纤维肉瘤,脂肪肉瘤,软骨肉瘤,成骨肉瘤,血管肉瘤,淋巴管肉瘤,滑膜瘤,脑膜瘤,平滑肌肉瘤,横纹肌肉瘤,软组织肉瘤,肉瘤,脓毒症,胆管瘤,基底细胞癌,胸腺瘤,甲状腺癌,甲状旁腺癌,子宫癌,肾上腺癌,肝脏感染,梅克尔细胞癌,神经肿瘤,滤泡中心淋巴瘤,结肠癌,霍奇金病,非霍奇金淋巴瘤,白血病,慢性或急性白血病,包括急性骨髓性白血病,慢性粒细胞白血病,急性淋巴细胞白血病,慢性淋巴细胞白血病,多发性骨髓瘤,卵巢肿瘤,骨髓增生异常综合征,皮肤或眼内恶性黑素瘤,肾细胞癌,小细胞肺癌,肺癌症,间皮瘤,乳腺癌,鳞状非小细胞肺癌(SCLC),非鳞状NSCLC,结直肠癌,卵巢癌,胃癌,肝细胞癌,胰腺癌,胰腺癌,胰腺导管腺癌,头颈部鳞状细胞癌,头或颈癌,胃肠道癌,胃癌,骨癌,皮肤癌,直肠癌,肛门癌,睾丸癌,输卵管癌,子宫内膜癌,子宫颈癌,阴道癌,外阴癌,食管癌,小肠癌,内分泌系统癌症,尿道癌,阴茎癌,膀胱癌,肾癌,输尿管癌,肾盂癌,中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤,肿瘤血管生成,脊柱轴肿瘤,脑干胶质瘤,垂体腺瘤,表皮癌,石棉沉滞症,恶性上皮肿瘤,腺癌,乳头状癌,囊腺癌,支气管癌,肾细胞癌,移行细胞癌,绒毛膜癌,精原细胞瘤,胚胎性癌,肾母细胞瘤,多形性腺瘤,肝细胞乳头状瘤,肾小管腺瘤,囊腺瘤,乳头状瘤,腺瘤,平滑肌瘤,横纹肌瘤,血管瘤,淋巴管瘤,骨瘤,软骨瘤,脂肪瘤和/或纤维瘤。
涉及不需要的或有问题的血管生成的其他病症包括类风湿性关节炎;银屑病;眼血管生成性疾病,例如糖尿病性视网膜病,早产儿视网膜病,黄斑变性,角膜移植排斥,新生血管性青光眼,晶状体后纤维组织增生,虹膜发红;奥斯勒-韦伯(Osier-Webber)综合征;心肌血管生成;斑块新生血管形成;毛细血管扩张;血友病关节;血管纤维瘤;内皮细胞过度或异常刺激疾病,包括肠粘连,克罗恩氏病,皮肤疾病如牛皮癣,湿疹和硬皮病,糖尿病,糖尿病性视网膜病,早产儿视网膜病,年龄相关性黄斑变性,动脉粥样硬化,硬皮病,创伤性肉芽肿和肥大性瘢痕,即瘢痕疙瘩和作为病理学后果具有血管发生的疾病,例如猫抓病和溃疡(幽门螺杆菌)也可用本发明的抗体治疗。血管生成抑制剂可以用于预防或抑制粘连,尤其是腹腔内或盆腔粘连,例如在开腹手术或腹腔镜手术后产生的粘连,以及烧灼收缩。应该使用血管生成抑制剂有利地治疗的其他病症包括预防移植后预防瘢痕形成,肝硬化,急性呼吸窘迫综合征后的肺纤维化或新生儿的其他肺纤维化,临时修补物的植入以及手术之后脑和硬脑膜之间的粘连。子宫内膜异位,息肉病,心脏肥大以及肥胖也可以通过抑制血管生成来治疗。这些疾病可能涉及其他类型正常组织的尺寸增大或增长,如子宫肌瘤,前列腺肥大和淀粉样变性。本文提供的化合物和组合物可以预防性或治疗性地用于本文所述的任何病症或疾病。
在一些实施方式中,施用本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和/或其前药或本公开的组合物以治疗膀胱炎、胰岛素依赖性糖尿病、胰岛细胞移植排斥、肾移植排斥反应、肝移植排斥反应、肺移植排斥、COPD或流感。
治疗癌症的方法
更具体地说,本发明还提供了治疗癌症的方法。治疗癌症的优选方法包括向癌症患者施用治疗有效量的一种或多种前述化合物(或其盐)足以治疗癌症的时间。
为治疗,本文提供的组合物可以通过口服,肠胃外(例如肌肉内,腹膜内,静脉内,ICV,脑池内注射或输注,皮下注射或植入),通过吸入喷雾,鼻腔,阴道,直肠,舌下或局部给药途径施用,并且可以单独或一起配制在适合的剂量单位制剂中,所述剂量单位制剂含有适合于每种给药途径的常规无毒的药学可接受的载体,佐剂和赋形剂。
在一些实施方式中,本文提供的选择性CXCR2抑制剂可以与其他合适的治疗剂组合施用,所述治疗剂包括例如化疗剂,放射线等。应该理解,这样的给药可以在第二治疗剂之前,之后或同时,使得与不存在CXCR2抑制剂时给予第二剂相比,第二剂的治疗效果增强。用于联合疗法的合适的试剂的选择可由本领域技术人员根据常规的药物原则作出。治疗剂的组合可以协同作用,以影响各种病症的治疗或预防,如,例如癌症,创伤,肾功能紊乱,脑功能障碍或神经元功能障碍。使用这种方法,能够采用较低剂量的各试剂实现治疗功效,从而减少不良副作用的可能性。
除了灵长类动物如人类外,多种其它哺乳动物可按照本发明的方法进行治疗。例如,可以治疗哺乳动物包括,但不限于,牛,绵羊,山羊,马,狗,猫,豚鼠,大鼠或其他牛科、羊、马、犬、猫科动物、啮齿动物或鼠科物种。然而,该方法也可实践于其它物种,如鸟类物种(例如,鸡)。
证明本发明组合物可用于治疗癌症的标准体内试验包括以下文献中描述的那些:Bertolini,F.等,“内皮抑素,抗血管生成药物,在人类高级非霍奇金淋巴瘤的NOD/SCID小鼠模型中化疗或抗CD20治疗后诱导肿瘤稳定”(Endostatin,an antiangiogenic drug,induces tumor stabilization after chemotherapy or anti-CD20therapy in a mousemodel of human high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma).Blood,第1期,96卷,第282-87页(2000年7月1日);Pengnian,L.,“靶向内皮特异性受体酪氨酸激酶Tie2抗血管生成基因治疗”(Antiangiogenic gene therapy targeting the endothelium-specific receptortyrosine kinase Tie2).Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,95卷,第8829-34页(1998年7月)和Pulaski,B.“金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B超抗原、主要组织相容性复合物II类和CD80协同用于临床相关术后小鼠乳腺癌模型的先进自发转移的免疫治疗”(Cooperativity ofStaphylococcal aureus Enterotoxin B Superantigen,Major HistocompatibilityComplex Class II,and CD80for Immunotherapy of Advanced Spontaneous Metastasesin a Clinically Relevant Postoperative Mouse Breast Cancer Model).CancerResearch,60卷,第2710-15页(2000年5月15日)。
在治疗或预防需要趋化因子受体调节的病症中,适当的剂量水平通常为约0.001至100毫克每千克患者体重每天,其可以以单剂量或多剂量给药。优选地,剂量水平将是每天约0.01到约25mg/kg;更优选地,每天约0.05到约10mg/kg。合适的剂量水平可以为每天约0.01到约25mg/kg,每天约0.05到约10mg/kg,或每天约0.1到约5mg/kg。在该范围内,剂量可是是每天0.005-0.05、0.05-0.5或0.5-5.0mg/kg。对于口服给药,优选以包含1.0-1000毫克活性成分的片剂形式提供组合物,特别是1.0、5.0、10.0、15.0、20.0、25.0、50.0、75.0、100.0、150.0、200.0、250.0、300.0、400.0、500.0、600.0、750.0、800.0、900.0和1000.0毫克的活性成分,以对待治疗的患者进行剂量的症状调节(symptomatic adjustment)。化合物可以每天1至4次的方案给药,优选每天一次或两次
然而,应该理解的是,对于任何特定患者具体的剂量水平和剂量频率可以改变,并将取决于多种因素,包括使用的具体化合物的活性,该化合物的代谢稳定性和作用时长,对象的年龄,体重,遗传特性,总体健康状况,性别和饮食,以及给药方式和时间,排泄速率,药物联用,以及正接受治疗的对象的特定病症的严重程度。
本发明化合物和组合物可以与具有相关用途的其他化合物和组合物组合以预防和治疗与CXCR2信号转导相关的癌症和疾病或病症。这些其他药物可以通过其常规使用的途径和用量,与本发明的化合物或组合物同时或顺序地施用。当本文提供的化合物或组合物与一种或多种其它药物同时使用时,除了本文提供的化合物或组合物外还包含该其他药物的药物组合物是优选的。因此,本文提供的药物组合物包括除了本文提供的化合物或组合物外还包含一种或多种其他活性成分或治疗剂的那些。可以与本发明的化合物或组合物联用(或分别给药或在同一药物组合物内)的其他治疗剂的实例包括,但不限于:顺铂,紫杉醇,甲氨蝶呤,环磷酰胺,异环磷酰胺,苯丁酸氮芥,卡莫司汀铂,卡铂,长春新碱,长春花碱,噻替派,洛莫司汀,司莫司汀,5-氟尿嘧啶和阿糖胞苷。本发明化合物与第二活性成分的重量比可以变化,取决于各成分的有效剂量。通常,采用各自的有效剂量。因此,例如,当本发明的化合物与第二抗癌剂联用时,本发明的化合物与第二剂的重量比通常为约1000:1到约1:1000,优选约200:1到约1:200。本发明的化合物与其他活性成分的组合通常也在上述范围内,但在每种情况下,应使用有效剂量的各活性成分。在一些实施方式中,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和/或前药与烷基化剂,亚硝基脲剂,抗癌抗生素,植物源生物碱,拓扑异构酶抑制剂,激素药物,激素拮抗剂,芳香酶抑制性P-糖蛋白抑制剂,铂络合物衍生物,免疫治疗药物或其他抗癌药物或其任何组合分别或在相同的药物组合物中施用。
治疗炎症的方法
更进一步地,本文提供的化合物和组合物可用于治疗炎症,并且可以与具有治疗用途的其它化合物和组合物联用,所述的治疗用途可能需要在采用本发明化合物治疗癌症或炎症之前、之后或同时进行治疗。因此,组合方法和组合物也是本发明的组成部分,以预防和治疗感兴趣的病症或疾病,如炎性或自身免疫性疾病,病况和病症,包括炎性肠病、类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、牛皮癣关节炎、多关节关节炎、多发性硬化症、过敏性疾病,银屑病,特异反应性皮炎和哮喘,以及上文提到的那些病态。
例如,在治疗或预防炎症或自身免疫疾病或例如骨损失有关的关节炎中,本发明化合物和组合物可与抗炎或止痛剂联用,诸如阿片激动剂,脂氧合酶抑制剂,如5-脂氧合酶,环氧合酶抑制剂,如环氧合酶-2抑制剂,白细胞介素抑制剂,如白细胞介素-1抑制剂,NMDA拮抗剂,一氧化氮抑制剂或一氧化氮合成抑制剂,非甾体抗炎剂,或细胞因子抑制抗炎剂,例如与化合物联用,如对乙酰氨基酚,阿司匹林,可待因,芬太尼,布洛芬,吲哚美辛,酮咯酸,吗啡,萘普生,非那西丁,吡罗昔康,甾体止痛剂,舒芬太尼,苏林酸,替尼达普,等等。同样,本发明化合物和组合物可以与以下试剂一起施用:上面列出的镇痛剂;增效剂如咖啡因,H2拮抗剂(例如,雷尼替丁),二甲基硅油,氢氧化铝或氢氧化镁;减充血剂,如苯肾上腺素,苯丙醇胺,伪麻黄碱,羟甲唑啉,肾上腺素(ephinephrine),萘甲唑啉,赛洛唑啉,六氢脱氧麻黄硷,或左旋脱氧麻黄素;镇咳药如可待因,二氢可待因酮,咳美芬,咳必清,或右美沙芬;利尿剂;和镇静或非镇静抗组胺药。
如上所述,本文提供的化合物和组合物可以与用于疾病或病症的治疗,预防,抑制或改善的其他药物联用,对于上述疾病或病症,本文提供的化合物和组合物是有用的。这些其他药物可以以其常规使用的途径和用量,与本文提供的化合物或组合物同时或顺序地施用。当本文提供的化合物或组合物与一种或多种其它药物同时使用时,除了本文提供的的化合物或组合物外还包含该其他药物的药物组合物是优选的。因此,本文提供的药物组合物包括除了本文提供的化合物或组合物还包含一种或多种其他活性成分或治疗剂的那些。可以与本文提供的化合物或组合物联用(或分别给药或在同一药物组合物内)的其他治疗剂的实例包括,但不限于:(a)VLA-4拮抗剂;(b)皮质类固醇,诸如倍氯米松,甲基强的松龙,倍他米松,强的松,强的松龙(prenisolone),地塞米松,氟替卡松,氢化可的松,布地奈德,曲安西龙,沙美特罗,沙美特罗,沙丁胺醇,福美雷司;(c)免疫抑制剂如环孢素(环孢素A,),他克莫司(FK-506,),雷帕霉素(西罗莫司,)和其他FK-506型免疫抑制剂,和霉酚酸酯,例如,霉酚酸酯(d)抗组胺药(H1-组胺拮抗剂),如溴苯吡胺,扑尔敏,二氯苯吡胺,曲普利啶,氯马斯汀,苯海拉明,二苯拉林,曲吡那敏,羟嗪,甲地嗪,异丙嗪,异丁嗪,阿扎他定,赛庚啶,安他唑啉,非尼拉敏,嘧啶胺,阿司咪唑,特非那定,氯雷他定,西替利嗪,非索非那定,脱羧氯雷他定等;(e)非甾体抗哮喘药(例如,特布他林,奥西那林,非诺特罗,异他林,沙丁胺醇,比托特罗和吡布特罗),茶碱,色甘酸钠,阿托品,异丙托溴铵,白三烯拮抗剂(例如,扎鲁司特,孟鲁司特,普仑司特,伊拉司特,泊比司特和SKB-106,203),白三烯生物合成抑制剂(齐留通,Bay-1005);(f)非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDS),诸如丙酸衍生物(例如阿明洛芬,苯恶洛芬,布氯酸,卡洛芬,芬布芬,非诺洛芬,氟洛芬,氟比洛芬,布洛芬,吲哚洛芬,酮洛芬,咪洛芬,萘普生,奥沙普秦,吡洛芬,普拉洛芬,舒洛芬,噻洛芬酸和硫恶洛芬),乙酸衍生物(例如,吲哚美辛,阿西美辛,阿氯芬酸,环氯茚酸,双氯芬酸,芬氯酸,芬克洛酸,芬替酸,呋罗芬酸,异丁芬酸,伊索克酸,奥品酸(oxpinac),舒林酸,硫平酸,甲苯酰吡啶乙酸,齐多美辛和佐美酸),芬那酸衍生物(如氟灭酸,甲氯芬那酸,甲芬那酸,尼氟酸和托芬那酸),联苯羧酸衍生物(例如,二氟尼柳和氟苯柳),昔康类(例如,异恶噻酰胺,吡罗昔康,舒多昔康和替诺昔康),水杨酸酯(例如,乙酰水杨酸和柳氮磺吡啶)和吡唑啉酮(例如,阿扎丙宗,苯派龙(bezpiperylon),非普拉宗,莫非保松,羟布宗和保泰松);(g)环氧合酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂如塞来考昔和罗非昔布(h)磷酸二酯酶IV型(PDE IV)抑制剂;(i)金化合物如金诺芬和金硫葡萄糖;(j)依那西普(k)抗体疗法,如奥索科龙(orthoclone)(OKT3),达利珠单抗巴利昔单抗和英夫利昔单抗(l)趋化因子受体,尤其是CCR5,CXCR2,CXCR3,CCR2,CCR3,CCR4,CCR7,CX 3CRI和CXCR6的其它拮抗剂;(m)润滑剂或软化剂,如凡士林和羊毛脂;(n)角质层分离剂(例如,他扎罗汀);(o)维生素D3衍生物,如:卡泊三烯或卡泊三醇(p)PUVA;(q)地蒽酚(r)阿维A酯和异维A酸和(s)多发性硬化症治疗剂,如干扰素β-1β干扰素(β-Ια硫唑嘌呤醋酸格拉替雷糖皮质激素(例如,泼尼松龙)和环磷酰胺;(t)DMARDS如甲氨蝶呤;(u)其它化合物,例如5-氨基水杨酸及其前药;羟氯喹;D-青霉胺;抗代谢物,如硫唑嘌呤,6-巯基嘌呤和甲氨蝶呤;DNA合成抑制剂,如羟基脲和微管干扰物如秋水仙碱。本文提供的化合物与第二活性成分的重量比可以变化,取决于各成分的有效剂量。通常,采用各自的有效剂量。因此,例如,当本文提供的化合物与NSAID联用时,本文提供的化合物与NSAID的重量比通常为约1000:1到约1:1000,优选约200:1到约1:200。本文提供的化合物与其他活性成分的组合通常也在上述范围内,但在每种情况下,应使用有效剂量的各活性成分。
与CXCR2相关的疾病和病症的诊断方法
更进一步地,本文提供的化合物和组合物可用于CXCR2相关的疾病和病症的诊断。特别是,本文提供的化合物可以标记形式制备(例如,放射性标记)和用于诊断,例如,癌症。结合于CXCR2的本文提供的标记的化合物(例如拮抗剂或激动剂)可用于测定哺乳动物对象中CXCR2的水平。在一些实施方式中,CXCR2调节剂或拮抗剂施用于患有癌症的对象。在某些情况下,给予标记的化合物从而检测进展期癌症,例如癌,神经胶质瘤,间皮瘤,黑素瘤,淋巴瘤,白血病,腺癌,乳腺癌,卵巢癌,子宫颈癌,成胶质细胞瘤,白血病,淋巴瘤,前列腺癌和伯基特淋巴瘤,头颈部癌,结肠癌,结肠直肠癌,非小细胞肺癌,小细胞肺癌,食道癌,胃癌,胰腺癌,肝胆管癌,胆囊癌,小肠癌,直肠癌癌,肾癌,膀胱癌,前列腺癌,阴茎癌,尿道癌,睾丸癌,子宫颈癌,阴道癌,子宫癌,卵巢癌,甲状腺癌,甲状旁腺癌,肾上腺癌,胰腺内分泌肿瘤,类癌肿瘤,骨癌,皮肤癌,视网膜母细胞瘤,霍奇金淋巴瘤,非何杰金氏淋巴瘤(对于其他癌症,参见,《癌症:原理和实践》(德维塔,DeVita,V.T.等编辑,1997));以及脑和神经元功能障碍,如阿尔茨海默氏病和多发性硬化;肾功能紊乱;类风湿关节炎;心脏移植排斥反应;动脉粥样硬化(和升高的胆固醇水平);哮喘;肾小球肾炎;接触性皮炎;炎性肠病;结肠炎;牛皮癣;再灌注损伤;以及本文中描述的其他病症和疾病。在一些实施方式中,对象不具有卡波济氏肉瘤,多中心型卡斯尔曼病或AIDS相关的原发性渗出性淋巴瘤。
各种成像和检测方法可以用于检测癌症。在一些实施方式中,直接方法可用来评估体内CXCR2生物分布,如磁共振成像(“MRI”),正电子发射断层扫描(“PET”)和单光子发射计算机断层摄影(“SPECT”)。这些方法中的每一种都可以检测体内适当标记化合物的分布(通常为结合到CXCR2),如果该化合物包含具有适当核特性的原子。MRI检测顺磁核;PET和SPECT从放射性核的衰退检测颗粒发射。
对于涉及PET的方法,有必要掺入适当的发射正电子的放射性核素。适合用于标记治疗剂的发射正电子的同位素相对很少。碳同位素,11C,已用于PET,但具有20.5分钟的短半衰期。因此,典型地,用于合成和使用的工具接近回旋加速器,在回旋加速器中生成前体11C原料。另一种有用的同位素,18F,具有110分钟的半衰期。这使得有足够的时间用于掺入放射性标记的示踪物,用于纯化和施用到人或动物对象。其他同位素具有更短半衰期。13N半衰期为10分钟,15O具有更短的半衰期2分钟。但是,两者的发射比11C更有能量并且已经用这些同位素进行了PET研究(参见《临床正电子发射断层扫描》(Clinical Positron EmissionTomography),Mosby Year Book,1992,K.F.Hubner等,第2章)。
SPECT成像采用同位素示踪剂,为γ-发射器。尽管有用的同位素的范围比用于PET的大,用SPECT成像提供较低的三维分辨率。然而,在一些情况下,SPECT用于获得有关化合物结合,定位和清除率的临床上重要的信息。一用于SPECT成像的有用同位素是123I,具有13.3小时半衰期的γ-发射体。标记有123I的化合物可以从制造现场运到多至约1000英里距离,或者可以运输同位素本身用于现场合成。85%的同位素发射是159KeV光子,通过目前使用的SPECT仪器容易测量。其他卤素同位素可用于PET或SPECT成像,或用于传统示踪标记。这些包括75Br、76Br、77Br和82Br,它们具有有用的半衰期和发射特征。
综上,本发明提供肿瘤、器官或组织成像的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)向有需要该成像的对象给予放射性标记或可检测形式的式I所示化合物;和
(b)检测所述化合物以确定所述化合物集中在所述对象中的何处。
此外,本发明提供检测样本中CXCR2水平升高的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)将疑似具有CXCR2水平升高的样本与放射性标记或可检测形式的式I所示化合物接触;
(b)测定结合到样本中存在的CXCR2的化合物的水平,以确定所述样本中存在的CXCR2的水平;和
(c)将步骤(b)确定的水平与对照样本比较,以确定所述样本中是否存在CXCR2水平升高。
就本文描述的治疗方法而言,标记化合物的施用可以通过通常用于将化合物与待评估的组织最终接触的任何途径,且对本领域技术人员来说是熟知的。尽管多于一种途径可用于给予特定组合物,但特定途径通常比另一途径可提供更直接和更有效的诊断。
联合治疗
CXCR2抑制剂可以单独使用或与一种或多种其它药物结合使用。可能的联用搭档可以包括,例如,其他抗血管生成因子和/或化疗剂(例如,细胞毒性剂)或辐射,癌症疫苗,免疫调节剂,检查点抑制剂,抗血管剂,信号转导抑制剂,抗增生剂,或细胞凋亡诱导剂。
可与本发明的化合物或组合物组合使用的其它治疗剂(单独或在相同药物组合物中施用)的实例包括但不限于:CCR1、CCR2、CCR3、CCR4、CCR5、CCR6、CCR7、CCR8、CCR9、CCR10、CCR11、CXCR1、CXCR2、CXCR3、CXCR4、CXCR5、CXCR6、CXCR7、CX3CR1、ChemR23、C5aR、C5a和C5的调节剂、或其任何组合。在一些实施方式中,调节剂是拮抗剂。
可与本发明化合物或组合物组合的其他治疗剂(单独或在相同药物组合物中施用)的实例包括但不限于:治疗性抗体、双特异性抗体和“抗体样”治疗性蛋白质(如Fab衍生物)、抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)、病毒、溶瘤病毒、基因修饰剂或编辑剂如CRISPR(包括CRISPR Cas9)、锌指核酸酶或合成核酸酶(TALEN)、CAR(嵌合抗原受体)T细胞免疫治疗剂、细胞因子、疫苗、疫苗佐剂、GM-CSF、M-CSF、G-CSF、干扰素-a、β或γ、IL-1、IL-2、IL-3、IL-12、聚(I:C)、CPG、环磷酰胺、环磷酰胺类似物、抗TGF和伊马替尼(Gleevac)、有丝分裂抑制剂、紫杉醇、舒尼替尼(Sutent)、抗血管生成剂、芳香酶抑制剂、来曲唑、A2a腺苷受体(A2AR)拮抗剂、腺苷受体调节剂、A3腺苷受体调节剂、血管生成抑制剂、蒽环类药物、奥沙利铂、多柔比星、TLR4拮抗剂、IL-18拮抗剂、Btk酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、Erbb2酪氨酸激酶受体抑制剂;Erbb4酪氨酸激酶受体抑制剂、mTOR抑制剂、胸苷酸合成酶抑制剂、EGFR酪氨酸激酶受体抑制剂、表皮生长因子拮抗剂、Fyn酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、Kit酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、Lyn酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、NK细胞受体调节剂、PDGF受体拮抗剂、PARP抑制剂、聚ADP核糖聚合酶抑制剂、聚ADP核糖聚合酶1抑制剂、聚ADP核糖聚合酶2抑制剂、聚ADP核糖聚合酶3抑制剂、半乳糖基转移酶调节剂、二氢嘧啶脱氢酶抑制剂、乳清酸磷酸核糖基转移酶抑制剂、端粒酶调节剂、粘蛋白1抑制剂、粘蛋白抑制剂、促胰液素激动剂、TNF相关凋亡诱导配体调节剂、IL17基因刺激剂、白细胞介素17E配体、神经激肽受体激动剂、细胞周期蛋白G1抑制剂、检查点抑制剂、PD-1抑制剂、PD-L1抑制剂、CTLA4抑制剂、拓扑异构酶I抑制剂、Alk-5蛋白激酶抑制剂、结缔组织生长因子配体抑制剂、Notch-2受体拮抗剂、Notch-3受体拮抗剂、透明质酸酶刺激剂、MEK-1蛋白激酶抑制剂、磷酸肌醇-3激酶抑制剂、MEK-2蛋白激酶抑制剂、GM-CSF受体调节剂、TNFα配体调节剂、间皮素调节剂、天冬酰胺酶刺激剂、CSF2基因刺激剂、胱天蛋白酶-3刺激剂;胱天蛋白酶-9刺激剂、PKN3基因抑制剂、刺猬蛋白抑制剂、平滑受体拮抗剂、AKT1基因抑制剂、DHFR抑制剂、胸苷激酶刺激剂、CD29调节剂、纤连蛋白调节剂、白细胞介素-2配体、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、D40LG基因刺激剂、TNFSF9基因刺激剂、2-酮戊二酸脱氢酶抑制剂、TGF-βII型受体拮抗剂、Erbb3酪氨酸激酶受体抑制剂、胆囊收缩素CCK2受体拮抗剂、维尔姆斯肿瘤蛋白质调节剂、RasGTP酶调节剂、组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂、RafB蛋白激酶抑制剂、细胞周期蛋白-依赖性激酶4抑制剂A调节剂、雌激素受体β调节剂、4-1BB抑制剂、4-1BBL抑制剂、PD-L2抑制剂、B7-H3抑制剂、B7-H4抑制剂、BTLA抑制剂、HVEM抑制剂、TIM3抑制剂、TIGIT抑制剂、NKG2A抑制剂、GAL9抑制剂、LAG3抑制剂、PD-1H抑制剂、PD96抑制剂、VISTA抑制剂、KIR抑制剂、2B4抑制剂、CD160抑制剂、CD66e调节剂、血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂、结缔组织生长因子配体抑制剂、Jak1酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、Jak2酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、双重Jak1/Jak2酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、血管紧张素转化酶2刺激剂、生长激素受体拮抗剂、半乳糖凝集素-3抑制剂、检查点激酶2调节剂、钠葡萄糖转运蛋白-2抑制剂、内皮素ET-A拮抗剂、盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂、内皮素ET-B拮抗剂、高级糖基化产物受体拮抗剂、促肾上腺皮质激素配体、法尼酯(Farnesoid)X受体激动剂、G蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体1激动剂、醛糖还原酶抑制剂、黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂、PPARγ激动剂、前列腺素受体拮抗剂、FGF受体拮抗剂、PDGF受体拮抗剂、TGFβ拮抗剂、P3蛋白调节剂、p38MAP激酶抑制剂、VEGF-1受体拮抗剂、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶β抑制剂、Tek酪氨酸激酶受体刺激剂、PDE5抑制剂、盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂、ACE抑制剂、I-κB激酶抑制剂、NFE2L2基因刺激剂物、核因子κB抑制剂、STAT3基因抑制剂、NADPH氧化酶1抑制剂、NADPH氧化酶4抑制剂、PDE4抑制剂、肾素抑制剂、FURIN基因抑制剂、MEKK-5蛋白激酶抑制剂、膜铜胺氧化酶抑制剂、整联蛋白α-V/β-3拮抗剂、胰岛素敏化剂、激肽释放酶1调节剂、环氧酶抑制剂、补体C3调节剂、微管蛋白结合剂、巨噬细胞甘露糖受体1调节剂、苯丙氨酸羟化酶刺激剂、OX40激动剂、GITR激动剂、CD40激动剂、地尼白介素、贝沙罗汀、伏立诺他、罗米地辛、普拉曲沙、强的松(prednisone)、氢化波尼松(prednisolone)、CCX354、CCX9588、CCX140、CCX872、CCX598、CCX6239、CCX9664、CCX2553、CCX2991、CCX282、CCX025、CCX507、CCX430、CCX765、CCX224、CCX662、CCX650、CCX832、CCX168、CCX168-M1、巴维昔单抗、IMM-101、CAP1-6D、雷克辛-G(Rexin-G)、染料木素、CVac、MM-D37K、PCI-27483、TG-01、莫替司他(mocetinostat)、LOAd-703、CPI-613、乌帕姆诺斯特(upamostat)、CRS-207、诺瓦卡普(NovaCaps)、曲美替尼(trametinib)、Atu-027、索尼得吉(sonidegib)、GRASPA、特拉贝德森(trabedersen)、纳特莱泽派(nastorazepide)、树突状细胞免疫疗法(Vaccell)、奥戈伏单抗、伊斯蒂单抗(istiratumab)、雷法替尼(refametinib)、瑞格拉非尼、拉帕替尼、司美替尼、瑞卡帕布、佩拉雷奥雷派(pelareorep)、他雷单抗(tarextumab)、聚乙二醇化的透明质酸酶、瓦利替尼(varlitinib)、阿格马基因贝萨诺克(aglatimagenebesadenovec)、GBS-01、GI-4000、WF-10、高路瑟尼(galunisertib)、阿法替尼、RX-0201、FG-3019、帕妥珠单抗、DCVax-Direct、塞利那瑟(selinexor)、葡磷酰胺、维如利金、钇(90Y)西瓦图单抗特踹齐坦(clivatuzumabtetraxetan)、溴夫定、尼妥珠单抗、阿尔甘盼图赛-L(algenpantucel-L)、替加氟+吉莫斯特+氧嗪酸钾+亚叶酸钙、奥拉帕尼、依鲁替尼、吡柔比星、Rh-Apo2L、特脱莫肽(tertomotide)、替加氟+吉莫斯特+奥替拉西钾、替加氟+吉莫斯特+奥替拉西钾、马西替尼(masitinib)、雷克辛-G、丝裂霉素(mitomycin)、厄洛替尼、阿霉素、地塞米松、长春新碱、环磷酰胺、氟尿嘧啶、拓扑替康(topotecan)、紫杉酚、干扰素、铂衍生物、紫杉烷、紫杉醇、长春花生物碱、长春碱、蒽环类、多柔比星、表鬼臼毒素类、依托泊苷、顺铂、雷帕霉素、氨甲喋呤、放线菌素D、多拉司他汀10(dolastati10)、秋水仙碱、吐根碱、三甲曲沙、氯苯氨啶、环孢素、柔红霉素、替尼泊苷、两性霉素、烷化剂、苯丁酸氮芥、5-氟尿嘧啶、喜树碱、顺铂、甲硝唑、格列卫、阿瓦斯汀、帕尼单抗、阿巴瑞克、阿地白介素、阿仑单抗、阿利维A酸、别嘌醇、六甲蜜胺、氨磷汀、阿那曲唑、三氧化二砷、天冬酰胺酶、阿扎胞苷、AZD9291、卡介苗活菌、贝伐单抗、氟尿嘧啶、蓓萨罗丁、博来霉素、硼替佐米、白消安、卡普睾酮、卡培他滨、喜树碱、卡铂、卡莫司汀、塞来昔布、西妥昔单抗、苯丁酸氮芥、克拉屈滨、氯法拉滨、环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷、更生霉素、阿法达贝泊汀柔红霉素、地尼白(denileukin)、右雷佐生、多西他赛、多柔比星(中性)、盐酸阿霉素、屈他雄酮丙酸酯、表柔比星、阿法依泊汀、雌莫司汀、依托泊苷磷酸盐、依托泊苷、依西美坦、非格司亭、氟尿苷氟达拉滨、氟维司群、吉非替尼、吉西他滨、吉妥单抗、醋酸戈舍瑞林、组氨瑞林醋酸盐、羟基脲、替伊莫单抗、伊达比星、异环磷酰胺、甲磺酸伊马替尼、干扰素α-2a、干扰素α-2b、伊立替康、来那度胺、来曲唑、亚叶酸钙、醋酸亮丙瑞林、左旋咪唑、洛莫司汀、醋酸甲地孕酮、美法仑、巯基嘌呤、6-MP、美司钠、氨甲喋呤、甲氧沙林、丝裂霉素C、米托坦、米托蒽醌、诺龙、奈拉滨、诺非单抗(nofetumomab)、奥普瑞白介素、奥沙利铂、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、帕利夫明、帕米膦酸二钠、培加酶、天门冬酰胺酶、培非司亭、培美曲塞二钠、喷司他丁、哌泊溴烷、普利霉素、卟菲尔钠、甲基苄肼、阿的平、拉布立酶、利妥昔单抗、洛昔替尼(rociletinib)、沙格司亭、索拉非尼、链脲霉素、马来酸舒尼替尼、滑石、他莫昔芬、替莫唑胺、替尼泊苷、VM-26、睾内脂、硫鸟嘌呤、6-TG、塞替派、拓扑替康、托瑞米芬、托西莫单抗、曲妥珠单抗、维A酸、ATRA、尿嘧啶芥末、戊柔比星、长春碱、长春新碱、长春瑞滨、唑来膦酸、唑来膦酸、派姆单抗、纳武单抗、IBI-308、mDX-400、BGB-108、MEDI-0680、SHR-1210、PF-06801591、PDR-001、GB-226、STI-1110、德瓦鲁单抗、阿替珠单抗、阿维单抗、BMS-936559、ALN-PDL、TSR-042、KD-033、CA-170、STI-1014、FOLFIRINOX、KY-1003、奥美沙坦酯、坎地沙坦、PBI-4050、巴瑞克替尼、GSK-2586881、氯沙坦、达格列净丙二醇、培维索孟、GR-MD-02、卡格列净、厄贝沙坦、FG-3019、阿曲生坦、菲涅任侬(finerenone)、斯帕森坦(sparsentan)、波生坦、去纤维蛋白多核苷酸、非马沙坦、阿泽里拉贡(azeliragon)、吡哆胺、促肾上腺皮质激素、INT-767、依帕司他、托匹司他、SER-150-DN、吡非尼酮、VEGFR-1mAb、AKB-9778、PF-489791、SHP-627、CS-3150、咪达普利、培哚普利、卡托普利、依那普利、赖诺普利、佐芬普利、赖诺普利、喹那普利、贝那普利、群多普利、西拉普利、福辛普利、雷米普利、甲基巴多索隆、厄贝沙坦+丙亢、GKT-831、MT-3995、TAK-648、TAK-272、GS-4997、DW-1029M、ASP-8232、VPI-2690B、DM-199、大黄酸、PHN-033、GLY-230、和沙丙蝶呤、舒洛地昔、利利单抗(lirilumab)、IPH-4102、IPH-2101、IMP-321、BMS-986016、MGD-013、LAG-525、德罗瓦单抗(durvalumab)、莫奈株单抗(monalizumab)、MCLA-134、MBG-453、CA-170、AUPM-170、AUPM-327、瑞米斯他(resminostat)、伊匹单抗(ipilimumab)、BGB-A317、曲美目单抗(tremelimumab)、REGN-2810、AZD-5069、马赛替尼(masitinib)、比尼替尼(binimetinib)、曲美替尼、鲁索替尼(ruxolitinib)、达拉菲尼(dabrafenib)、利那洛肽(linaclotide)、伊匹单抗、阿帕替尼(apatinib)、尼达尼布(nintedanib)、卡博替尼(cabozantinib)、帕唑替尼(pazopanib)、贝林司他(belinostat)、帕尼单抗(panitumumab)、瓜地西他滨(guadecitabine)、维莫德吉(vismodegib)、威罗菲尼(vemurafenib)、达沙替尼(dasatinib)、曲美目单抗、贝伐珠单抗(bevacizumab)、奥沙利铂、阿柏西普(aflibercept)、凡德他尼(vandetanib)、依维莫司(everolimus)、沙利窦达(thalidomide)、维利帕尼(veliparib)、恩科菲尼(encorafenib)、奈布森(napabucasin)、奥派利斯(alpelisib)、阿西替尼(axitinib)、西地尼布(cediranib)、奈昔木单抗(necitumumab)、雷莫芦单抗(ramucirumab)、依洛福芬(irofulven)、曲氟尿苷(trifluridine)+地匹福林(tipiracil)、道那菲尼(donafenib)、帕克替尼(pacritinib)、派克斯-威克(pexastimogene devacirepvec)、提瓦替尼(tivantinib)、GNR-011、他拉泊芬(talaporfin)、皮里诺森(piclidenoson)、地西他滨(decitabine)、盖尼塔单抗(ganitumab)、帕比司他(panobinostat)、雷他莫德(rintatolimod)、泊马昔布(polmacoxib)、左亚药酸(levofolinate)、法米替尼(famitinib)、沃图莫单抗(votumumab)、替莫扎尼(tivozanib)、恩替诺特(entinostat)、普利肽新(plitidepsin)、来非莫德(lefitolimod)、OSE-2101、维特斯朋(vitespen)、TroVax、溴隐停(bromocriptine)、米哚妥林(midostaurin)、福他布林(fosbretabulin)、呋喹替尼(fruquintinib)、盖那特匹(ganetespib)、布立尼布(brivanib)、安罗替尼(anlotinib)、L19-TNF-α、拉妥木单抗(racotumomab)、乐复能(Novaferon)、雷替曲塞(raltitrexed)、恩扎妥林(enzastaurin)、GM-CT-01、阿西莫单抗(arcitumomab)或其任何组合。
试剂盒和包装
术语“试剂盒”和“药物试剂盒”是指商品试剂盒或包装,其在一个或多个合适的容器中包含一种或多种药物组合物及其使用说明。在一个实施方案中,提供了包含化学式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的试剂盒及其施用说明书。在一个实施方案中,提供了包含化学式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与一种或多种(例如,一种、两种、三种、一种或两种、或一种至三种)额外的治疗剂的试剂盒及其施用说明书。
在一个实施方案中,将本公开发明的化合物配制成包装在单一包装中的给药单元。单个单一包装包括但不限于瓶子、儿童防护瓶、安瓿和管子。在一个实施方案中,将本公开发明的化合物和任选的另外的治疗剂配制成给药单位,并且将每个单一给药单位分别包装在单个包装中。这种单独包装的单元可以含有任何形式的药物组合物,包括但不限于液体形式、固体形式、粉末形式、颗粒形式、泡腾粉末或片剂、硬胶囊或软胶囊、乳剂、混悬剂、糖浆剂、栓剂、片剂、锭剂、菱形锭剂、溶液、口腔贴剂、薄膜、口腔凝胶、咀嚼片、口香糖和一次性注射器。这种独立包装的单元可以组合在由一种或多种纸、卡纸板、纸板、金属箔和塑料箔制成的包装中,例如泡罩包装。一个或多个施用单位可以每天施用一次或数次。一个或多个施用单位可以一天服用三次。一个或多个施用单位可以每天施用两次。一个或多个施用单位可以在第一天施用,并且一个或多个施用单位可以在随后的日子施用。
一般合成程序
实施方式还涉及可用于制备主题化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的方法和中间体。
现将通过参考本文的一般制备和下面的具体实施例的说明性合成方案来描述可用于实施方式的方法中的示例性化学实体。本领域技术人员将认识到,为了获得本文中的各种化合物,可以适当选择原料,使得最终期望的取代基适宜时将经保护或非保护的反应方案产生期望的产物。或者,在最终希望的取代基的位置,可能需要或希望使用合适的基团,其可以通过反应方案进行并且适宜时经期望的取代基替代。此外,本领域的技术人员将认识到,下面的方案中示出的变换可以以与具体侧基的官能兼容的任何顺序实施。
本发明化合物的代表性合成在下面的流程图和以下具体实施例中描述。提供方案1和2作为本公开的进一步实施方式,并且说明一般方法,其用于制备包括式(I),(Ia)和(Ib)的化合物的本发明化合物,其可用于制备另外的具有式(I),(Ia)和(Ib)的化合物。该方法与各种官能基兼容。
方案1
Al的氨基可以与3,4-二甲氧基环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮反应得到A2。然后A2可以与A3的氨基反应以提供A4。
方案2
A7可以通过还原A6中的氰基而获得,例如通过氢化,然后环化。或者,A5(其中X表示离去基团,如卤素或甲苯磺酸酯,并且其中R为烷基)可以与NH3反应形成环化产物A7。A7可以与HNO3反应,在酸如硫酸的存在下引入硝基,得到A8。随后通过例如氢化还原A8中的硝基可以提供A9。
实施例
提供以下实施例来说明,但不限制要求保护的发明。
以下使用的试剂和溶剂可以从商业来源获得,例如奥德里奇化学公司(美国威斯康星州密尔沃基市)。瓦里安墨丘利(Mercury)400MHz NMR光谱仪上记录1H-NMR谱。相对于TMS提供了显著的峰,并按照多重性(s,单峰;d,双峰;t,三峰;q,四峰;m,多峰)和质子的数量列表。质谱结果报告为质量与电荷的比率,随后是每个离子的相对丰度(括号内)。在这些例子中,报道了含有最常见的原子同位素的M+H(或者,如上所述,M-H)离子的单个m/e值。在所有情况下,同位素模式对应于预期式。使用HP1100HPLC在惠普MSD电喷雾质谱仪上进行电喷雾电离(ESI)质谱分析用于样品递送。通常将分析物以0.1mg/mL溶解于甲醇中,并用输送溶剂将1微升注入质谱仪中,其从100至1500道尔顿扫描。所有化合物均可以ESI正离子模式进行分析,使用含1%甲酸的乙腈/水作为递送溶剂。下面提供的化合物也可以在负ESI模式下分析,使用乙腈/水中的2mM NH4OAc作为递送系统。
在实施例和整个本发明的描述中使用以下缩写:rt,室温;HPLC,高压液相色谱;TFA,三氟乙酸;LC-MSD,液相色谱仪/质量选择检测器;LC-MS,液相色谱仪/质谱仪;Pd2dba3,三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯;THF,四氢呋喃;DMF,二甲基甲酰胺或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;DCM,二氯甲烷;DMSO,二甲基亚砜;TLC,薄层色谱;KHMDS,六甲基二硅氮烷钾;ES,电喷雾;sat.,饱和。
使用本领域技术人员已知的各种反应,可以如下所述合成本发明范围内的化合物。本领域技术人员还将认识到,可以采用替代方法来合成本发明的目标化合物,并且本文中所述的方法并不是详尽无遗的,但确实提供了广泛适用的和实用的途径来提供感兴趣的化合物。
本专利中要求保护的某些分子可以以不同的对映体和非对映体形式存在,并且要求保护这些化合物的所有这些变体。
在本文中用于合成关键化合物的实验程序的详细描述产生由识别它们的物理数据以及与它们相关的结构描述所描述的分子。
本领域技术人员还将认识到,在有机化学的标准后处理过程中,经常使用酸和碱。在本专利所述的实验过程中,如果母体化合物具有所需固有酸性或碱性,有时会产生母体化合物的盐。
实施例1:3-[(5-氟-3-氧-异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基]-4-[[(1R)-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙基]氨基]环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮的合成
步骤a:向500mL圆底烧瓶中加入2-溴-5-氟苯甲酸甲酯(48g,206mmol),氰化铜(37g,412mmmol)和DMF(200mL)。将混合物在110℃加热过夜,然后冷却至室温。加入乙醚(1.5L)和硅藻土(100g),并将混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟。过滤固体,滤液用盐水(3×200mL)洗涤,然后用MgSO4干燥。减压蒸发溶剂,得到所需产物,为无色固体(31g,84%)。MS:(ES)m/z计算C9H7FNO2[M+H]+180,实测180。
步骤b:在室温下向2-氰基-5-氟苯甲酸甲酯(10g,56mmol)的甲醇(200mL)溶液中加入10%Pd-C(1.0g)。将所得混合物在氢气(50psi)气氛下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物通过硅藻土过滤并将滤液减压浓缩,得到所需产物,为无色固体(8.0g,90%)。MS:(ES)m/z计算C8H7FNO[M+H]+152,实测152。
步骤c:向浓H2SO4中的6-氟异吲哚啉-1-酮(8.0g,5.3mmol)的0℃悬浮液中逐滴加入浓H2SO4(26mL)和硝酸(6mL)的预冷混合物,同时保持反应混合物低于5℃。加完后,将反应混合物缓慢温热至室温过夜。将冰(50g)加入到混合物中并收集固体并干燥,然后用MTBE(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(50mL)洗涤,得到所需产物,为淡黄色固体(5.1g,50%)。MS:(ES)m/z计算C8H6FN2O3[M+H]+197,实测197。
步骤d:将6-氟-7-硝基异吲哚啉-1-酮(11.3g,57mmol)和10%Pd/C(50%湿度,6.2g,2.9mmol,0.05当量)的THF(300mL)溶液在氢气氛(气球)下搅拌过夜。通过硅藻土过滤固体,减压浓缩滤液,得到无色固体,将其通过硅胶色谱(100%乙酸乙酯)纯化,得到所需产物,为白色固体(6.4g,67%)。MS:(ES)m/z计算C8H9FN2O[M+H]+168,实测168。
步骤e:将7-氨基-6-二氟-异吲哚啉-1-酮(4.4g,26mmol)和3,4-二甲氧基环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(7.4g,52mmol)在无水甲醇(30mL)中的混合物于60℃下搅拌过夜,然后在80℃下搅拌5小时。将反应混合物蒸发并将残余物在乙酸乙酯(200mL)中在50℃下搅拌30分钟,然后冷却至室温。过滤混合物并干燥,得到淡黄色固体(5.0g,70%)。MS:(ES)m/z计算C13H10FN2O4[M+H]+277,实测277。
步骤f:向20mL小瓶中加入3-[(5-氟-3-氧代-异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基]-4-甲氧基-环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(29.8mg,0.108mmol),然后加入(1R)-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙-1-胺(25.2mg,0.181mmol)的乙醇(1mL)溶液。将反应混合物在环境温度下搅拌过夜。在反应混合物上轻轻吹氮气以除去大部分溶剂后,将二氯甲烷和1N盐酸加入到反应混合物中。将有机层分离并将水层再用二氯甲烷萃取两次。合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥。在减压下除去溶剂后,使用硅胶柱色谱法使用二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯的混合物作为洗脱液纯化粗物质。获得3-[(5-氟-3-氧-异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基]-4-[[(1R)-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙基]氨基]环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(27.8mg,0.0725mmol),产率为67%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.49(s,1H),8.72(s,1H),8.26(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.47(dd,J=11.2,8.3Hz,1H),7.34(dd,J=8.3,3.8Hz,1H),6.26(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),6.05(dd,J=3.0,1.3Hz,1H),5.08(dd,J=8.1,8.1Hz,1H),4.33(s,2H),2.26(s,3H),1.91(ddq,J=28,8.1,7.3Hz,2H),0.91(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).MS:(ES)m/z计算C20H18FN3O4[M+H]+384.1,实测384.3.
实施例2:3-[(5-氟-3-氧-异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基]-4-[[(1R)-2-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙基]氨基]环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮的合成
步骤a:在环境温度下,向500mL圆底烧瓶中加入(S)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(12.1g,100mmol),然后加入二氯甲烷(100mL)。加入在二氯甲烷(13mL)中的5-甲基呋喃-2-甲醛(10.9mL,110mmol)和二氯甲烷(87mL)中的乙醇钛(51mL,219mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌过夜。该反应用二氯甲烷(150mL)稀释并用十水硫酸钠(51g)淬灭。将反应混合物通过硅藻土过滤并用二氯甲烷洗涤。蒸发溶剂,得到粗的(S)-2-甲基-N-[(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)亚甲基]丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(20.89g,97.9mmol),其直接用于下一步反应。
步骤b:将(S)-2-甲基-N-[(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)亚甲基]丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(1.76g,8.19mmol)溶于甲苯(40mL)中,使用干冰/异丙醇浴冷却反应物至-70℃。在10分钟内加入异丙基氯化镁(8.2mL,2M的THF溶液,16.4mmol)。将反应逐渐升温至环境温度并搅拌过夜。通过加入饱和氯化铵水溶液终止反应。有机物质用乙醚萃取三次,然后用盐水洗涤。有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压下除去溶剂后,粗制混合物用硅胶柱纯化,用甲基叔丁基醚/二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂。在减压下除去溶剂后得到(S)-2-甲基-N-[(1R)-2-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙基]丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(530mg,2.06毫摩尔,NMR测得90%de)。
步骤c:在0℃将乙酰氯(0.366mL,5.15mmol)滴加到甲醇(5mL)中以制备无水氯化氢的甲醇溶液。在0℃下将该溶液加入到(S)-2-甲基-N-[(1R)-2-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙基]丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(530mg,2.06mmol)。经2小时将反应缓慢升温至环境温度。加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液以中和反应混合物,产物用二氯甲烷萃取四次。合并的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压下除去溶剂,得到粗物质(310mg,2.03mmol),将其直接用于下一步反应。
步骤d:在环境温度下,向3-[(5-氟-3-氧-异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基]-4-甲氧基-环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(42.3mg,0.146mmol)中加入(1R)-2-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙-1-胺(30.5mg,0.199mmol)的乙醇(1mL)溶液中。将反应混合物在45℃下搅拌过夜,然后在65℃下搅拌5小时。将氮气流轻轻吹到反应混合物上以除去大部分溶剂。加入二氯甲烷和1N盐酸并分层。水层再用二氯甲烷萃取两次。合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥。减压除去溶剂,并将粗物质通过硅胶柱色谱纯化,使用二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯的混合物作为洗脱剂。得到3-[(5-氟-3-氧-异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基]-4-[[(1R)-2-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙基]氨基]环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(52.4mg,0.132mmol),产率为90%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.55(s,1H),8.71(s,1H),8.31(d,J=9.7Hz,1H),7.48(dd,J=11.1,8.3Hz,1H),7.34(dd,J=8.3,3.8Hz,1H),6.22(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),6.05(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.97(t,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.33(s,2H),2.27(s,3H),2.18(dt,J=13.7,6.8Hz,1H),0.96(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.88(d,J=6.7Hz,3H).MS:(ES)m/z计算C21H20FN3O4[M+H]+398.2,实测398.4.
实施例3:3-[(5,7-二氟-3-氧-异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基]-4-[[(1R)-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙基]氨基]环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮的合成
步骤a:将3,5-二氟-2-甲基-苯甲酸(5.2g,30.2mmol)溶于无水DMF(30mL)中。加入无水Na2CO3(3.5g,33.2mmol,1.1当量)并将反应在室温下搅拌30分钟。加入碘甲烷(2.1mL,33.2mmol,1.1当量),并将混合物在室温下搅拌4h,然后将反应物用水(200mL)稀释并将产物用Et2O(3 x 50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(4×30mL)洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到黄色油状物(5.4g,96%)。
步骤b:将来自步骤a的产物(5.4g,29.0mmol)溶于四氯化碳(60mL)中并加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(7.7g,43.5mmol,1.5当量),然后加入过氧化苯甲酰(1.4g,5.8mmol,0.20当量)。将反应混合物回流搅拌过夜,然后冷却至室温并过滤。蒸发滤液,残余物通过柱色谱(硅胶,100%己烷至9:1己烷:乙酸乙酯)纯化,得到产物,为黄色油状物(7.4g,96%)。
步骤c:将NH3的甲醇溶液(7M,45mL,6.4mmol)冷却至0℃,加入步骤b的产物(6g,22.6mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌10分钟,然后在室温下过夜。蒸发过量溶剂,残余物用水(50mL)稀释。过滤得到的固体,用水(2×20mL),然后用己烷(20mL)洗涤,得到产物(3.4g,89%)。MS:(ES)m/z计算C8H6F2NO[M+H]+170.04,实测值170.3。
步骤d:将来自步骤c的4,6-二氟异吲哚啉-1-酮(3.4g,20.1mmol)溶于浓H2SO4(40mL)中并冷却至0℃。逐滴加入70%HNO3(1.5mL,24.1mmol,1.2当量),并将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌10分钟,然后历经1小时升温至室温并搅拌过夜。加入冰,然后用冷水(100mL)稀释混合物。过滤得到的黄色固体,用水(2×50mL),然后用己烷(50mL)洗涤并真空干燥(3.4g,79%)。MS:(ES)m/z计算C8H5F2N2O3[M+H]+215.03,实测215.2。
步骤e:在氮气下,将来自步骤d的4,6-二氟-7-硝基-异吲哚啉-1-酮(3.4g,15.9mmol)用THF(50mL)稀释,加入10%Pd/C,50%湿度(1.7g,0.8mmol,5%mmol)。将反应混合物在H2(气球)下在室温剧烈搅拌1天,然后通过硅藻土过滤并蒸发,得到固体产物(2.7g,92%)。MS:(ES)m/z计算C8H7F2N2O[M+H]+185.05,实测值185.3。
步骤f:将来自步骤e的7-氨基-4,6-二氟-异吲哚啉-1-酮(2.3g,12.5mmol)和3,4-二甲氧基环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(3.5g,25.0mmol,2.0当量)的无水MeOH(15mL)溶液在60℃下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物蒸发并将残余物用MTBE:EtOAc(1:1,200mL)稀释并在50℃下搅拌30分钟,然后冷却至室温。过滤固体产物,用MTBE洗涤,然后溶于MeOH:DCM(1:1,200mL)中并通过硅藻土过滤。蒸发滤液,得到灰色固体(2.0g,54%)。MS:(ES)m/z计算C13H9F2N2O4[M+H]+295.05,实测295.3。
步骤g:在20mL小瓶中装入3-[(5,7-二氟-3-氧代-异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基]-4-甲氧基-环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(44.3mg,0.144mmol),然后加入(1R)-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙-1-胺(25mg,0.18mmol)的乙醇(1mL)溶液。将反应混合物在环境温度下搅拌过夜,然后在80℃下搅拌2小时。在反应混合物上轻轻吹氮气以除去大部分溶剂后,将二氯甲烷和1N盐酸加入到反应混合物中。将有机层分离并将水层再用二氯甲烷萃取两次。合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥。减压除去溶剂后,粗产物通过硅胶柱色谱纯化,使用二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯的混合物作为洗脱剂。将所得产物重新悬浮于乙酸乙酯中并过滤。过滤固体并真空干燥,得到3-[(5,7-二氟-3-氧代-异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基]-4-[[(1R)-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙基]氨基]环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(22.6mg,0.0563mmol),产率39%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.44(s,1H),8.91(s,1H),8.19(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.62(dd,J=10.8,8.6Hz,1H),6.26(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),6.05(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),5.07(dd,J=7.6,7.6Hz,1H),4.41(s,2H),2.26(s,3H),1.90(ddq,J=27,7.6,7.3Hz,2H),0.91(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).MS:(ES)m/z计算C20H17F2N3O4[M+H]+402.1,实测402.4.
实施例4:3-(((S)-5-氟-1-甲基-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-(((R)-1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基)氨基)环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮的合成和3-(((R)-5-氟-1-甲基-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-(((R)-1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基)氨基)环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮的合成
步骤a:室温下,向搅拌的6-氟异吲哚啉-1-酮(10g,66.2mmol)的无水二氯甲烷(100mL)溶液中加入三乙胺(16.72,165.5mmol,21.8mL),(Boc)2O(17.3g,79.4毫摩尔)和催化DMAP(100毫克)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。完成后,将反应混合物用CH2Cl2稀释,用H2O,然后用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤。有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(0-30%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液)纯化粗化合物,得到产物。MS:(ES)m/z计算C13H14FNO3[M+H]+252.3,实测值252.3。
步骤b:1)在-78℃,N2气氛下,向搅拌的叔丁基-6-氟-1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-羧酸酯(5.0g,19.9mmol)的无水THF(40mL)溶液中滴加LiHMDS(21.89mL,21.89mmol)。将溶液搅拌30分钟后,将碘代甲烷(2.82g,19.92mmol)在THF(5mL)中的溶液加入到混合物中。将反应混合物在-78℃下搅拌1小时,然后使混合物升温至室温并搅拌2小时。完成后,将反应混合物用饱和NH4Cl水溶液淬灭,用EtOAc(100mL)稀释,将有机层用H2O然后用盐水溶液洗涤。然后将有机层用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。粗品直接用于下一步而无需进一步纯化。2)向搅拌的叔丁基-5-氟-1-甲基-3-氧代异吲哚啉-2-羧酸酯(6.2g,66.2mmol)的MeOH(60mL)溶液中加入4N HCl的二恶烷溶液(79.6mmol,20mL)。将混合物在室温下搅拌3小时。反应完成后,除去溶剂并将反应混合物用EtOAc(3×50mL)稀释,将有机层用H2O洗涤,然后用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤。然后将有机层用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(10-80%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液)纯化粗化合物,得到产物。MS:(ES)m/z计算C9H8FNO[M+H]+166.2,实测MS:(ES)m/z计算C9H8FNO[M+H]+166.2,实测166.2。
步骤c:1)在-78℃和N2气氛下,向搅拌的6-氟-3-甲基异吲哚啉-1-酮(2.5g,15.1mmol)的无水THF(25mL)溶液中滴加n-BuLi(6.64mL,16.61mmol,2.5M己烷溶液),并将反应混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟,(1R,2S,5R)-2-异丙基-5-甲基环己基氯甲酸酯(3.96g,18.18mmol)的THF(5mL)溶液加入到混合物中。将反应混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟,然后使反应混合物升温至室温并搅拌3小时。反应完成后,将反应混合物用饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭,用EtOAc(2×75mL)萃取,将合并的有机层用H2O和盐水溶液洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法纯化粗化合物,分别得到(1S)-(1R,2S,5R)-2-异丙基-5-甲基环己基5-氟-1-甲基-3-氧代异吲哚啉-2-羧酸酯和(1R)-(1R,2S,5R)-2-异丙基-5-甲基环己基5-氟-1-甲基-3-氧代异吲哚啉-2-羧酸乙酯。2)室温下,向搅拌着的在MeOH(10mL)中上述获得的一非对映异构体(1.2g,3.45mmol)溶液中加入在MeOH(17.2mmol,10mL)中的Mg(OMe)2(10-12wt%)溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。反应完成后,除去溶剂并将反应混合物用饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭,用EtOAc(2×75mL)萃取,将合并的有机层用H2O和盐水溶液洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。粗化合物通过硅胶,色谱(20-60%)乙酸乙酯/己烷纯化,得到所需产物。MS:(ES)m/z计算C9H8FNO[M+H]+166.2,实测166.2。类似地处理另一种非对映异构体以得到其他所需产物。
步骤d:1)将从步骤c获得的化合物之一(0.45g,2.72mmol)溶于浓H2SO4(5mL)中并冷却至0℃。滴加70%HNO3(0.34g,24.1mmol,2.0当量)并将反应混合物在0℃搅拌10分钟,然后升温至室温搅拌过夜。加入冰,然后将混合物用冷水(10mL)稀释,将反应混合物用EtOAc(2×25mL)萃取,用H2O和盐水溶液洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品直接用于下一步而无需进一步纯化。MS:(ES)m/z计算C9H7F2N2O3[M+H]+211.0,实测211.2。另一种对映异构体被类似地处理以得到其他所需产物。2)在氢气气氛下(par摇动器)在40psi下搅拌MeOH(25mL)中的上述获得的化合物之一(0.35g,1.32mmol)和10%Pd/C(50%湿度,100mg)1小时。将混合物通过硅藻土过滤并用MeOH(40mL)洗涤,将滤液减压浓缩,得到无色固体,将其通过硅胶色谱(20-100%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得到所需产物。MS:(ES)m/z计算C9H9FN2O[M+H]+181.1,实测181.2。另一种对映异构体被类似地处理以得到其他所需产物。
步骤e:将在步骤d中获得的化合物之一(170mg,0.939mmol)和3,4-二甲氧基环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(200mg,1.40mmol)的无水甲醇(4mL)溶液在60℃下搅拌3小时。将反应混合物蒸发并将残余物在乙酸乙酯(10mL)中在50℃下搅拌30分钟,然后冷却至室温。过滤混合物并干燥,得到所需产物。MS:(ES)m/z计算C14H11FN2O4[M+H]+291.1,实测291.2。另一种对映异构体被类似地处理以得到其他所需产物。
步骤f:向20mL小瓶中加入上述获得的化合物之一(29.0mg,0.100mmol),然后加入(1R)-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙-1-胺酒石酸盐(28.9mg,0.100mmol)的甲醇(0.5毫升)溶液和三乙胺(40.5毫克,0.400毫摩尔)。将反应混合物在60℃下搅拌3小时。在将氮气轻轻吹入反应混合物上除去溶剂之后,使用反相HPLC使用水和乙腈的混合物作为洗脱剂来纯化粗物质以得到期望的产物。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.49(s,1H),8.80(s,1H),8.27(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.48(dd,J=11.1,8.3Hz,1H),7.37(dd,J=8.2,3.8Hz,1H),6.27(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),6.06(m,1H),5.08(m,1H),4.59(q,J=6.6Hz,1H),2.27(s,3H),1.92(m,2H),1.36(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.92(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).MS:(ES)m/z计算C21H20FN3O4[M+Na]+420.1,实测420.4.类似获得另一非对映异构体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.48(s,1H),8.80(s,1H),8.29(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.48(dd,J=11.1,8.2Hz,1H),7.37(dd,J=8.3,3.8Hz,1H),6.27(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),6.09–6.04(m,1H),5.13–5.05(m,1H),4.65–4.54(m,1H),2.27(s,3H),1.92(m,2H),1.36(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.92(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).MS:(ES)m/z计算C21H20FN3O4[M+Na]+420.1,实测420.3.
实施例5:(R)-3-((5-氟-1,1-二甲基-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-((1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基)氨基)环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮的合成
步骤a:将2-溴-5-氟苯甲酸甲酯(5.00g,21.5mmol)和氰化铜(2.12g,23.6mmol)在DMF中的混合物在90℃加热1天,然后冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(300mL)稀释并过滤。将滤液用盐水(5×50mL)洗涤,然后用饱和NaHCO3(50mL)洗涤。有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。该产物不经进一步纯化而用于下一步。MS:(ES)m/z计算C9H6FNO2[M+H]+180.0,实测值180.0。
步骤b:在0℃,向搅拌的2-氰基-5-氟苯甲酸甲酯(3.85g,21.5mmol)的四氢呋喃(30mL)和水(3mL)溶液中加入氢氧化锂一水合物(1.11g,26.5mmol)。将反应温热至室温并搅拌1小时。然后蒸发溶剂,残余物用水(100mL)和2M HCl(20mL)稀释。过滤收集固体,真空干燥得到所需产物。MS:(ES)m/z计算C8H4FNO2[M+H]+166.0,实测值166.0。
步骤c:在-78℃下,向搅拌的2-氰基-5-氟苯甲酸(1.70g,10.3mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(105mL)溶液中滴加1.6M甲基锂的乙醚溶液(25.74mL,41.2mmol)。将混合物在-78℃下搅拌1小时,然后缓慢温热至室温,用饱和氯化铵淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层通过硅胶色谱(0-100%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得到6-氟-3,3-二甲基异吲哚啉-1-酮。MS:(ES)m/z计算C10H10FNO[M+H]+180.0,实测180.0。
步骤d:将含有6-氟-3,3-二甲基异吲哚啉-1-酮(620mg,3.46mmol)的浓H2SO4(1mL)溶液的反应小瓶在冰浴中冷却。逐滴加入浓H2SO4(1mL)和70%HNO3(0.25mL,3.8mmol)的混合物,并将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌2h,然后小心地用冰终止反应并用冷水稀释稀释至10mL。过滤固体,用水洗涤并真空干燥,得到所需产物6-氟-3,3-二甲基-7-硝基异吲哚啉-1-酮。MS:(ES)m/z计算C10H9FN2O3[M+H]+225.0,实测值225.0。
步骤e:在室温下,向6-氟-3,3-二甲基-7-硝基异吲哚啉-1-酮(0.56g,2.50mmol)的乙醇(10mL)和水(1mL)溶液中加入铁粉(0.58g,10.38mmol)和氯化铵(1.90g,34.6mmol)。将反应混合物升温至90℃并搅拌1小时。然后将其冷却至室温,通过硅藻土过滤并用甲醇(20ml)冲洗。将滤液浓缩至干,残余物用乙酸乙酯稀释,用水和盐水洗涤。将合并的有机层干燥(Na2SO4),过滤,真空浓缩,并通过硅胶色谱法(0-100%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液)纯化,得到产物7-氨基-6-氟-3,3-二甲基异吲哚啉-2-酮-1-酮。MS:(ES)m/z计算C10H11FN2O[M+H]+195.1,实测值195.1。
步骤f:将无水MeOH(0.65mL)中的7-氨基-6-氟-3,3-二甲基异吲哚啉-1-酮(25mg,0.129mmol),3,4-二甲氧基环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(22.0mg,0.155mmol,1.2当量)和二恶烷(4M,32.3μL)中的HCl溶液的混合物在60℃下搅拌18小时。除去溶剂,得到直接用于下一步的产物。
步骤g:在20mL小瓶中装入上述得到的3-((5-氟-1,1-二甲基-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-甲氧基环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮随后加入在甲醇(0.5mL)中的(1R)-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙-1-胺酒石酸盐(115.7mg,0.400mmol)和三乙胺(101mg,1.00mmol)。将反应混合物在60℃下搅拌18小时。将氮气轻轻吹经反应混合物除去溶剂后,使用反相HPLC使用水和乙腈的混合物作为洗脱液来纯化粗物质。得到(R)-3-((5-氟-1,1-二甲基-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-((1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基)氨基)环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.48(s,1H),8.81(s,1H),8.28(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.47(dd,J=11.0,8.2Hz,1H),7.41(dd,J=8.3,3.9Hz,1H),6.27(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),6.09–6.03(m,1H),5.08(m,1H),2.27(s,3H),1.92(m,2H),1.43(s,6H),0.92(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).MS:(ES)m/z计算C22H22FN3O4[M+Na]+434.1,实测434.4.
实施例6:(R)-3-((5-氟-1,1,7-三甲基-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-((1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基)氨基)环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮的合成
步骤a:在室温下向在水浴中的7-氨基-6-氟-3,3-二甲基异吲哚啉-1-酮(150mg,0.77mmol)的AcOH(2mL)溶液中逐份加入NIS(244mg,1.08mmol)。将所得混合物在水浴中搅拌30分钟,用水(1mL)淬灭并用乙酸乙酯(10mL)萃取。有机层用盐水(10mL)洗涤,然后用MgSO4干燥。减压蒸发溶剂,得到棕色固体,将其通过硅胶色谱(0-60%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液)纯化,得到7-氨基-6-氟-4-碘-3,3-二甲基异吲哚啉-1-酮。MS:(ES)m/z计算C10H10FIN2O[M+H]+321.0,实测值321.0。
步骤b:向7-氨基-6-氟-4-碘-3,3-二甲基异吲哚啉-1-酮(370mg,1.16mmol)的二恶烷(12mL)溶液中加入CsF(705mg,4.64mmol),2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,5,2,4,6-三氧杂三环己烷(435mg,3.47mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(95mg,0.116毫摩尔)。所得混合物在80℃下搅拌过夜。将反应物在水(20mL)和乙酸乙酯(30mL)之间分配。将有机层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,然后用MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到粗产物,将其通过硅胶(0-80%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液)纯化,得到7-氨基-6-氟-3,3,4-三甲基异吲哚啉-1-酮。MS:(ES)m/z计算C11H13FN2O[M+H]+209.1,实测值209.1。
步骤c:将无水MeOH(1.0mL)中的7-氨基-6-氟-3,3,4-三甲基异吲哚啉-1-酮(40mg,0.192mmol),3,4-二甲氧基环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(32.8g,0.231mmol,1.2当量)和HCl的二恶烷(4M,48μL)溶液的混合物在60℃下搅拌18小时。除去溶剂,得到直接用于下一步的产物。
步骤d:向20mL小瓶中装入上述获得的3-((5-氟-1,1,7-三甲基-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-甲氧基环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮,随后加入(1R)-1-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙-1-胺酒石酸盐(222.7mg,0.77mmol)的甲醇(1.0mL)溶液和三乙胺(233mg,2.3mmol)。将反应混合物在60℃下搅拌18小时。在将氮气轻轻吹经反应混合物以除去溶剂后,使用反相HPLC使用水和乙腈的混合物作为洗脱液来纯化粗物质。得到(R)-3-((5-氟-1,1,7-三甲基-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-((1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基)氨基)环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.41(s,1H),8.83(s,1H),8.31(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),6.26(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),6.12–6.02(m,1H),5.08(m,1H),2.41(s,3H),2.27(s,3H),1.90(m,2H),1.49(s,6H),0.92(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).MS:(ES)m/z计算C23H24FN3O4[M+Na]+448.2,实测448.4.
实施例7:(R)-2-(4-氯-7-((2-((1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基)氨基)-3,4-二氧环丁-1-烯-1-基)氨基)-1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)-4-甲氧基苯甲酸的合成
步骤a:将含有4-氯异吲哚啉-1-酮(25.0g,0.149摩尔)浓H2SO4(50mL)溶液的1L圆底烧瓶在冰浴中冷却。逐滴加入浓H2SO4(50mL)与70%HNO3(10mL,0.16mol,1.05当量)的混合物并将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌2h,然后小心地用冰淬火并用冷水稀释至1升。过滤固体,用水洗涤并在高真空下干燥,得到4-氯-7-硝基-异吲哚-1-酮。MS:(ES)m/z计算C8H5ClN2O3[M-H]-212.0,实测值212.0。
步骤b:在室温下,向搅拌的4-氯-7-硝基-异吲哚啉-1-酮(23g,108mmol)的乙醇/乙醇混合物中加入铁粉(18.2g,324mmol),随后加入4M HCl在二恶烷(162mL,648mmol)中的溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,然后真空浓缩。将残余物用乙酸乙酯稀释并用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液中和并用乙酸乙酯(2×500mL)萃取。将合并的有机层干燥(Na2SO4),过滤并真空浓缩,得到7-氨基-4-氯-异吲哚啉-1-酮。MS:(ES)m/z计算C8H7ClN2O[M+H]+183.2,实测值183.2。
步骤c:向含有7-氨基-4-氯-异吲哚啉-1-酮(250mg,1.37mmol)的二恶烷(10mL)溶液的反应小瓶中加入2-溴-5-甲氧基-苯甲酸甲酯(502mg,2.05mmol),碳酸铯(893mg,2.74mmol),碘化亚铜(104mg,0.55mmol)和(1S,2S)-N1,N2-二甲基环己烷-1,2-二胺(156mg,1.1mmol)。用氮气吹扫混合物,然后温热至110℃。将反应在110℃下搅拌1小时,并通过LC-MS监测反应。完成后,使反应冷却,然后通过硅藻土过滤并用乙酸乙酯冲洗。通过硅胶色谱法(0-50%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化粗品,得到2-(7-氨基-4-氯-1-氧-异吲哚啉-2-基)-5-甲氧基-苯甲酸甲酯。MS:(ES)m/z计算C17H15ClN2O4[M+H]+347.1,实测值347.1。
步骤d:将2-(7-氨基-4-氯-1-氧-异吲哚啉-2-基)-5-甲氧基-苯甲酸甲酯(160mg,0.46mmol)和3,4-二甲氧基环丁烷-1,2-二胺(131mg,0.92mmol)在无水甲醇(5mL)中的混合物在60℃下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物蒸发并将残余物在乙酸乙酯(5mL)中在50℃下搅拌30分钟,然后使其冷却至室温。过滤混合物并干燥,得到产物2-[4-氯-7-[(2-甲氧基-3,4-二氧代-环丁基)氨基]-1-氧代-异吲哚啉-2-基]-5-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯。MS:(ES)m/z计算C22H17ClN2O7[M+H]+457.1,实测457.1。
步骤e:在环境温度下,向2-(4-氯-7-((2-甲氧基-3,4-二氧代环丁-1-烯-1-基)氨基)-1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯(60mg,0.12mmol)中加入(R)-1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙-1-胺(22mg,0.15mmol)在甲醇(5mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物在60℃下搅拌过夜,然后浓缩。残余物用二氯甲烷稀释并用水洗涤。有机层被浓缩。向残余物中加入THF(5mL),水(1mL)和LiOH(大量过量)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时并在60℃下搅拌2小时。加入HCl水溶液(1N)和二氯甲烷,浓缩合并的有机层。加入THF并过滤混合物以除去固体。通过使用水和乙腈的混合物作为洗脱液的反相HPLC来纯化残余物。得到(R)-2-(4-氯-7-((2-((1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基)氨基)-3,4-二氧代环丁-1-烯-1-基)氨基)-1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)-4-甲氧基苯甲酸。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.12–8.03(m,2H),7.59(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.15–7.02(m,2H),6.20(s,1H),5.94(s,1H),5.20–4.80(m,3H),3.90(s,3H),2.24(s,3H),2.03–1.85(m,2H),0.99(t,J=7.4Hz,3H).MS:(ES)m/z计算C28H24ClN3O7[M+H]+550.1,实测550.3.
实施例8:(R)-3-((5-氟-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-((1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基-1-d)氨基)环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮的合成
步骤a:向40毫升小瓶中加入(R)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(1.83克,15.1毫摩尔),1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙-1-酮(2.0mL,15.1mmol)和乙醇钛(7.8mL)。将反应混合物在60℃下搅拌过夜。反应用二氯甲烷(100mL)稀释并用十水硫酸钠(10.2g)淬灭。将反应混合物通过硅藻土过滤并用二氯甲烷洗涤。蒸发溶剂得到粗产物,将其通过硅胶色谱纯化,使用乙酸乙酯和己烷的混合物作为洗脱剂。
步骤b:在-55℃,向上一步产物(1122mg,4.65mmol),THF(17.5mL)和D2O(0.36mL)的混合物中加入硼氘化钠(575mg,13.7mmol)。将反应混合物在相同温度下搅拌3小时。在反应混合物上轻轻吹氮气以除去溶剂后,加入二氯甲烷。过滤混合物并浓缩滤液。通过使用二氯甲烷和甲基叔丁基醚的混合物作为洗脱剂的硅胶色谱法纯化残余物。
步骤c:在0℃将前一步骤的产物(422mg,1.73mmol)溶于MeOH(5mL)中,加入乙酰氯(400μL)。将反应搅拌1小时。在反应混合物上轻轻吹氮气以除去溶剂后,加入甲基叔丁基醚和水的混合物。收集水层并用碳酸钠溶液(2M)碱化。用CHCl3(3x)萃取混合物。将合并的有机层用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到产物。
步骤d:向3-((5-氟-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-甲氧基环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(41.4mg,0.150mmol)中加入(R)-1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙-1-d-1-胺(31.9mg,0.228mmol)的甲醇(1mL)溶液中。将反应混合物在45℃搅拌过夜。在反应混合物上轻轻吹氮气以除去溶剂后,加入HCl水溶液(1N)和二氯甲烷的混合物。过滤混合物,残余物通过制备型TLC纯化,使用乙酸乙酯作为洗脱液。(R)-3-((5-氟-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-((1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基-1d)氨基)环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮。得到(R)-3-((5-氟-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-((1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基-1-d)氨基)环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.47(s,1H),8.70(s,1H),8.25(s,1H),7.46(dd,J=11.2,8.2Hz,1H),7.33(dd,J=8.2,3.7Hz,1H),6.25(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),6.06–6.03(m,1H),4.32(s,2H),2.26(s,3H),2.00–1.80(m,2H),0.90(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).MS:(ES)m/z计算C20DH17FN3O4[M+H]+385.1,实测385.4.
实施例9:(R)-3-((5-氟-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-((1-(5-甲基噁唑-2-基)丙基)氨基)环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮的合成
步骤a:向40mL小瓶中加入(R)-2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)丁酸(1.00g,4.92mmol),1-[二(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化六氟磷酸盐(HATU,1.96g,5.16mmol),DMF(6mL)和三乙胺(1.51mL)。将反应混合物搅拌2分钟,加入丙-2-炔-1-胺(378μL,5.90mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下再搅拌2小时。将反应混合物用水和乙醚稀释,并用乙醚(6x)萃取。将合并的有机层用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过使用乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷的混合物作为洗脱液的硅胶色谱法纯化残余物。
步骤b:向40mL小瓶中加入氯化金(128mg,0.424mmol),乙腈(10mL)和来自前一步骤的产物(501mg,2.09mmol)。将反应混合物在50℃搅拌过夜。在反应混合物上轻轻吹氮气以除去溶剂后,加入饱和氯化铵溶液和甲基叔丁基醚的混合物。用甲基叔丁基醚(3x)萃取混合物。将合并的有机层用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法使用乙酸乙酯和己烷的混合物作为洗脱剂来纯化残余物。
步骤c:向搅拌的前述步骤的产物(301mg,1.25mmol)的二氯甲烷(1mL)溶液中加入4N HCl的二氧六环溶液(1mL)。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。在反应混合物上轻轻吹氮气以除去溶剂后,加入水和己烷的混合物。收集水层并用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液碱化。用二氯甲烷(3x)和氯仿/异丙醇(2/1,v/v)(2x)萃取混合物。将合并的有机层用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到产物。
步骤d:向3-((5-氟-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-甲氧基环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(42.4mg,0.154mmol)中加入(R)-1-(5-甲基噁唑-2-基)丙-1-胺(25.9mg,0.185mmol)在甲醇(0.5mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物在50℃下搅拌过夜。在反应混合物上轻轻吹氮气以除去溶剂后,加入HCl水溶液(1N)和二氯甲烷的混合物。过滤混合物,通过使用二氯甲烷和乙腈(1/1,v/v)的混合物作为洗脱剂的制备TLC纯化残余物。得到(R)-3-((5-氟-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)氨基)-4-((1-(5-甲基噁唑-2-基)丙基)氨基)环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.63(s,1H),8.73(s,1H),8.48(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.49(dd,J=11.2,8.2Hz,1H),7.36(dd,J=8.3,3.8Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),5.33–5.20(m,1H),4.34(s,2H),2.32(d,J=1.2Hz,3H),2.09–1.87(m,2H),0.93(t,J=7.4Hz,3H).MS:(ES)m/z计算C19H17FN4O4[M+H]+385.1,实测385.4.
实施例10:(R)-2-(4-氯-7-((2-((1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基)氨基)-3,4-二氧环丁-1-烯-1-基)氨基)-1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)乙酰胺的合成
步骤a:在冰浴中冷却4L锥形瓶(Erlenmeyer flask),其含有在浓H2SO4(500mL)中的3-氯-2-甲基-苯甲酸(100.0g,0.586摩尔)。滴加70%HNO3(45.2mL,0.703摩尔,1.2当量),将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时,然后小心地用冰淬灭并用冷水稀释至4L。过滤白色固体,用水洗涤并在高真空下干燥,得到3:1比例的3-氯-2-甲基-6-硝基-苯甲酸和3-氯-2-甲基-5-硝基-苯甲酸的混合物。MS:(ES)m/z计算C8H5ClNO4[M-H]-214.0,实测214.0。
步骤b:将前一步骤的异构酸混合物(50g,232.0mmol)溶于无水DMF(200mL)中,加入无水Na2CO3在(27.0g,255.2mmol,1.1当量),在室温下搅拌反应物30分钟。加入碘甲烷(15.9mL,255.2mmol,1.1当量),并在室温下继续搅拌3h。反应混合物用水(1.2L)稀释,产物用Et2O(3×250mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(4×100mL)洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到产物。
步骤c:将前一步骤的异构酯的混合物(49.7g,216.5mmol)溶于CC14(400mL)中并加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(57.8g,324.7mmol,1.5当量),然后加入过氧化苯甲酰(10.4g,43.2mmol,0.20当量)。将反应混合物回流搅拌过夜,然后冷却至室温并过滤。蒸发滤液,残余物通过硅胶色谱法(100:0至9:1Hex:EtOAc)纯化,得到产物,为单一异构体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)8.07(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.63(s,2H),4.01(s,3H)。
步骤d:将前一步骤的产物(316mg,1.02mmol),2-氨基乙酰胺盐酸盐(171mg,1.55mmol)和三乙胺(427μl,3.06mmol)在乙醇(2mL)中的混合物在室温过夜。在反应混合物上轻轻吹氮气以除去溶剂后,加入HCl水溶液(1N)和水的混合物。过滤混合物,残余物用HCl水溶液(1N)和水洗涤,得到所需产物。
步骤e:在室温下,向搅拌中的前述步骤的产物(249mg,0.925mmol)在乙醇(1mL)中的混合物中加入铁粉(158mg,2.68mmol),然后加入4M HCl的二氧六环(0.46mL,1.84mmol)溶液。在室温下搅拌反应混合物过夜。加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液并将混合物用甲醇稀释。通过硅藻土过滤混合物并用甲醇洗涤。浓缩滤液以除去甲醇,随后用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机层浓缩,得到所需产物。
步骤f:将前一步骤的产物(131mg,0.55mmol)和3,4-二甲氧基环丁-1,2-二酮(118mg,0.83mmol)在无水甲醇(2mL)中的混合物在60℃搅拌过夜。在反应混合物上轻轻吹氮气以除去溶剂后,加入乙酸乙酯。过滤混合物,用乙酸乙酯洗涤,干燥得到产物。
步骤g:在环境温度下,向2-(4-氯-7-((2-甲氧基-3,4-二氧代环丁-1-烯-1-基)氨基)-1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)乙酰胺(39.9mg,0.114mmol)中加入(R)-1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙-1-胺(23.0mg,0.165mmol)的乙醇(1mL)溶液。将反应混合物在65℃搅拌过夜。在反应混合物上轻轻吹氮气以除去溶剂后,加入HCl水溶液(1N)和二氯甲烷的混合物。过滤混合物,残余物用水,二氯甲烷和甲基叔丁基醚洗涤。得到(R)-2-(4-氯-7-((2-((1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基)氨基)-3,4-二氧代环丁-1-烯-1-基)氨基)-1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)乙酰胺。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.74(s,1H),9.12(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.67–7.52(m,3H),7.27–7.18(m,1H),6.25(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),6.06–6.02(m,1H),5.18–5.08(m,1H),4.48(s,2H),4.11(s,2H),2.25(s,3H),2.01–1.80(m,2H),0.90(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).MS:(ES)m/z计算C22H21ClN4O5[M+Na]+479.1,实测479.0。
使用如本文所述的类似合成方法和适当的试剂制备以下化合物,并且通过MS(质谱)和NMR表征,如表1所示。
表1.化合物表征
生物学实施例1:CXCR2活性的配体结合试验
可以使用配体结合试验来确定潜在的CXCR2拮抗剂阻断CXCR2与其任何配体之间的相互作用的能力。将稳定表达CXCR2的HEK-293细胞或表达CXCR2的人嗜中性粒细胞离心并重悬于测定缓冲液(20mM HEPES pH 7.1,140mM NaCl,1mM CaCl2,5mM MgCl2,0.1%叠氮化钠和含0.1%牛血清白蛋白)至5×105个细胞/mL的浓度。结合测定法试验如下设置:用于筛选的化合物从最大20μM连续稀释,并且将含有5×104个细胞(对于HEK-293细胞)或3×104个细胞(对于人类嗜中性粒细胞)的0.1mL细胞加入含有化合物的每个孔中。然后加入0.1mL的在测定缓冲液中稀释的125I标记的CXCL8(得自铂金埃尔默;沃尔瑟姆,MA)至~50pM的终浓度,每孔加入~1μCi,密封板并在摇床上25℃下温育约3小时。在真空细胞收集器(帕卡德仪器;梅里登,CT)上将反应物抽吸到预先浸泡在0.3%聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)溶液中的GF/B玻璃滤器上。将闪烁液(50μL;Microscint 20,帕卡德仪器)加入到每个孔中,将板密封并在TopCount闪烁计数器(帕卡德仪器)中测量放射性。只含有稀释剂(总计数)或20μM化合物的对照孔用于计算化合物总抑制百分比。可以用GraphPad公司(圣地亚哥,加州)的计算机程序Prism计算IC50值。IC50值是将标记的CXCR8与受体结合减少50%所需的浓度。图1中化合物,其结合试验IC50值小于100nM标记为(+++);100-1000nM标记为(++);并且小于或等于20μM但高于1000nM被标记为(+)。
生物学实施例2:迁移/趋化性试验
血清趋化因子试验可用于确定潜在受体拮抗剂在阻断通过趋化因子受体如CXCR2介导的迁移中的功效。该试验通常使用具有5μm孔径大小的聚碳酸酯膜的微室系统进行。为了开始这样的试验,通过在室温下以400×g离心收集表达趋化因子受体的细胞(在这种情况下是从人全血分离的嗜中性粒细胞),然后以400万/ml悬浮于人血清中。被测试的化合物从最大终浓度10μM(或其等体积的溶剂(DMSO))连续稀释,然后加入到细胞/血清混合物中。单独地,将其EC50浓度(10nM)的重组人CXCL5(ENA-78)置于板的下排孔中。将5-μm(孔径)聚碳酸酯膜放置在板上,并将20μL细胞/化合物混合物转移到膜的每个孔上。将平板在37℃孵育45分钟,然后除去聚碳酸酯膜,并将5μl DNA插入剂CyQUANT(英杰公司,卡尔斯巴德,CA)加入到下排孔中。使用Spectrafluor Plus读板仪(帝肯(TECAN),圣何塞,CA)测量对应于迁移细胞数量的荧光量。
本文描述了本发明的特定实施例,包括发明人已知的用于实施本发明的最佳模式。在阅读前述内容后,所公开的实施方式的变化对于本领域的技术人员而言可能变得明显,并且预期那些技术人员可以适当地采用这样的变化。因此,旨在以不同于本文具体描述的方式来实施本发明,并且本发明包括适用法律允许的所附权利要求书中所述主题的所有修改和等同物。此外,除非本文另有说明或者与上下文明显矛盾,否则本发明涵盖上述要素在其所有可能变型中的任何组合。
本说明书中引用的所有出版物,专利申请,登录号和其他参考文献都通过引用并入本文,如同每个单独的出版物或专利申请被具体地和单独地提及通过引用并入。
Claims (29)
1.一种具有式(I)的化合物,或其任何盐、溶剂合物、水合物、N-氧化物、互变异构体或旋转异构体,
其中,
R1和R2各自独立地选自下组:H、卤素、CN、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基和C1-4卤代烷基;
R3a选自下组:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、三氟甲基、CH2CF3和CF2CF3;
R3b选自下组:H和D;
R4选自下组:H、C1-8烷基、-Y和C1-4亚烷基-Y;其中Y是芳基或杂芳基,并且每个R4任选被一个至四个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素、-CN、-CO2Ra、-CONRaRb、-C(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)2Rc、-NRaC(O)NRaRb、-NRaRb、-ORa、-S(O)2NRaRb、-NRaS(O)2Rb和–Rc,其中每个Ra和Rb独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基,和Rc选自C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;
R5a和R5b各自独立地选自下组:H、卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基和CN;
R6a和R6b各自独立地选自下组:H、C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;或任选地R6a和R6b一起形成氧代(=O);
X是CH或N。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R3a为乙基或异丙基。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R3b为H。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R3b为D。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R1为甲基。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,X为CH。
7.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,X为N。
8.如权利要求1-7任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R5a和R5b各自独立地选自下组:H、Cl和F。
9.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R6a和R6b各自独立地选自下组:H和C1-4烷基。
10.如权利要求1-9任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R4为C1-8烷基,任选被卤素、-CN、-CO2Ra、-CONRaRb、-C(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)2Rc、-NRaC(O)NRaRb、-NRaRb、-ORa、-S(O)2NRaRb和-NRaS(O)2Rb取代。
11.如权利要求1所述的化合物,具有式(Ia):
其中,
R1选自下组:Cl和CH3;
R3b选自下组:H和D;
R4选自下组:H和C1-8烷基,其中C1-8烷基任选被-CONRaRb、-OC(O)NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)2Rc、-NRaRb和-ORa取代,其中,Ra和Rb各自独立选自:氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基,和Rc选自:C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;
R5a和R5b各自独立选自下组:H、F、Cl和CH3;
R6a和R6b各自独立地选自下组:H、C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;或任选地R6a和R6b一起形成氧代(=O);
或其任何盐、溶剂合物、水合物、N-氧化物或旋转异构体。
12.如权利要求11所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R3b为H;R4为H或CH3;R5a为H、F或Cl;R5b为H、F、Cl;R6a和R6b独立地选自下组:H和CH3,或一起形成氧代(=O)。
13.如权利要求11所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R3b为D;R4为H或CH3;R5a为H、F或Cl;R5b为H、F、Cl;R6a和R6b独立地选自下组:H和CH3,或一起形成氧代(=O)。
14.如权利要求1所述的化合物,具有式(Ib):
其中,
R1选自下组:Cl和CH3;
R3b选自下组:H和D;
R4选自下组:H和C1-8烷基,其中C1-8烷基任选被-CONRaRb、-OC(O)NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)2Rc、-NRaRb和-ORa取代,其中,Ra和Rb各自独立选自:氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基,和Rc选自:C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;
R5a和R5b各自独立选自下组:H、F、Cl和CH3;
R6a和R6b各自独立地选自下组:H、C1-4烷基、C1-4羟基烷基和C1-4卤代烷基;或任选地R6a和R6b一起形成氧代(=O);
或其任何盐、溶剂合物、水合物、N-氧化物或旋转异构体。
15.如权利要求14所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R3b为H;R4为H或CH3;R5a为H、F或Cl;R5b为H、F、Cl;R6a和R6b独立地选自下组:H和CH3,或一起形成氧代(=O)。
16.如权利要求14所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R3b为D;R4为H或CH3;R5a为H、F或Cl;R5b为H、F、Cl;R6a和R6b独立地选自下组:H和CH3,或一起形成氧代(=O)。
17.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,选自下组:
18.一种药物组合物,包含权利要求1-17任一项所述的化合物。
19.如权利要求18所述的药物组合物,还包含一种或多种另外的治疗剂。
20.如权利要求19所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述一种或多种另外的治疗剂选自下组:细胞毒性化疗、抗癌或抗肿瘤疫苗、抗免疫细胞因子疗法、免疫细胞因子疗法、嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T细胞受体、基因转移疗法和检查点抑制剂。
21.如权利要求19所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述一种或多种另外的治疗剂选自下组:阻断CTLA-4(CD152)、PD-1(CD279)、PDL-1(CD274)、TIM-3、LAG-3(CD223)、VISTA、KIR、NKG2A、BTLA、PD-1H、TIGIT、CD96、4-1BB(CD137)、4-1BBL(CD137L)、GARP、CSF-1R、A2AR、CD73、CD47、色氨酸2,3-双加氧酶(TDO)或吲哚胺2,3双加氧酶(IDO)活性的药物,以及OX40、GITR、4-1BB、ICOS、STING或CD40的激动剂。
22.一种在有需要的对象中治疗CXCR2介导的疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括给予所述对象有效量的权利要求1-17中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、或权利要求18-21中任一项所述的药物组合物。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,所述CXCR2介导的疾病是急性或慢性炎性疾病。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,所述CXCR2介导的急性或慢性炎性疾病选自下组:牛皮癣、类风湿性关节炎、辐射诱导的纤维化肺病、自身免疫性大疱性皮肤病(AIBD)、慢性阻塞性肺病和臭氧-诱发气道炎症。
25.如权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,所述CXCR2介导的疾病是选自下组的肿瘤:横纹肌肉瘤、路易士肺癌(LLC)、非小细胞肺癌、食管鳞状细胞癌、食管腺癌、肾细胞癌(RCC)、结肠直肠癌(CRC)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、乳腺癌、胃癌、前列腺小细胞神经内分泌癌(SCNC)、肝癌、成胶质细胞瘤、肝肿瘤、口腔鳞状细胞癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、胰腺癌、甲状腺乳头状癌、肝内胆管细胞癌、肝细胞癌、骨癌和鼻咽癌。
26.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐单独、或与一种或多种其他抗癌疗法联合用于治疗癌症。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法,其特征在于,所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与细胞毒性化学疗法、抗癌疫苗、抗肿瘤疫苗、抗免疫细胞因子、免疫细胞因子疗法和嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T细胞受体和基因转移疗法中的一种或多种联合用于治疗癌症。
28.如权利要求26所述的方法,其特征在于,所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与一种或多种检查点抑制剂联合用于治疗癌症。
29.如权利要求26所述的方法,其特征在于,所述一种或多种其他抗癌疗法选自下组:阻断CTLA-4(CD152)、PD-1(CD279)、PDL-1(CD274)、TIM-3、LAG-3(CD223)、VISTA、KIR、NKG2A、BTLA、PD-1H、TIGIT、CD96、4-1BB(CD137)、4-1BBL(CD137L)、GARP、CSF-1R、A2AR、CD73、CD47、色氨酸2,3-双加氧酶(TDO)或吲哚胺2,3双加氧酶(IDO)活性的药物,以及OX40、GITR、4-1BB、ICOS、STING或CD40的激动剂。
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CN113995839B (zh) * | 2021-10-11 | 2023-03-03 | 中山大学肿瘤防治中心(中山大学附属肿瘤医院、中山大学肿瘤研究所) | Cxcr2抑制剂在改善肿瘤免疫微环境中的应用 |
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