CN108549075A - A kind of method of determining Ground Penetrating Radar optimum detection height - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
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- G01S13/885—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for ground probing
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明涉及一种道路无损检测技术，具体涉及一种确定探地雷达最佳检测高度的方法，属于交通运输学科技术领域。The invention relates to a road non-destructive detection technology, in particular to a method for determining the optimum detection height of ground penetrating radar, which belongs to the technical field of traffic and transportation.
背景技术：Background technique:
探地雷达(Ground Penetrating Radar，简称GPR)是一项基于电磁波传播原理的无损检测技术。由于能对路面进行快速、无损的检测，且能采集连续的数据点优于传统检测方法的离散取点，探地雷达已经越来越受到路面养护相关领域的重视。Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-destructive testing technology based on the principle of electromagnetic wave propagation. Due to the rapid and non-destructive detection of the road surface, and the ability to collect continuous data points is better than the discrete points obtained by traditional detection methods, ground penetrating radar has received more and more attention in the fields of road maintenance.
天线作为探地雷达中的关键部件之一，其性能优劣会直接影响探地雷达对路面的探测深度和分辨率。根据天线所发射电磁波对空气的电离程度，探地雷达所用的天线一般被分为地耦合天线和空气耦合天线。探地雷达一般采用超宽带短脉冲信号，因而天线也应具有一定的带宽和方向性。一般带宽天线在其末端处由于阻抗不连续，往往会形成一定的反射从而引起波形的失真。使用探地雷达分析数据时，一般采用反射系数法来计算介电常数，其基于以下公式：As one of the key components in ground penetrating radar, the performance of the antenna will directly affect the detection depth and resolution of the ground penetrating radar. According to the ionization degree of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna to the air, the antennas used in ground penetrating radar are generally divided into ground-coupled antennas and air-coupled antennas. Ground penetrating radar generally uses ultra-wideband short pulse signals, so the antenna should also have a certain bandwidth and directivity. Due to the discontinuity of impedance at the end of the general bandwidth antenna, a certain amount of reflection is often formed to cause waveform distortion. When analyzing data using ground penetrating radar, the reflection coefficient method is generally used to calculate the dielectric constant, which is based on the following formula:
其中，ε为介电常数，A0为电磁波在空气与路面层间反射时的振幅，Am为全反射振幅。Among them, ε is the dielectric constant, A0 is the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave when it is reflected between the air and the pavement layer, and Am is the total reflection amplitude.
因此，只要能准确地读出相应反射波的振幅，就能准确地计算相应物质的介电常数，以进行相应的分析。但是如果天线离被检测路面过近，天线自身的阻抗产生的反射波会与地面反射波重合而导致无法正确读取地面反射波的振幅；如果天线离被测路面过远，天线所发射的电磁波则会迅速衰减，也会导致无法读取准确的路面反射波振幅。因此，确定雷达检测时的检测高度对于准确分析雷达数据以用于路面检测至关重要。Therefore, as long as the amplitude of the corresponding reflected wave can be accurately read out, the dielectric constant of the corresponding substance can be accurately calculated for corresponding analysis. However, if the antenna is too close to the road to be tested, the reflected wave generated by the antenna's own impedance will overlap with the reflected wave on the ground, so that the amplitude of the ground reflected wave cannot be read correctly; if the antenna is too far away from the road to be tested, the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna will It will attenuate rapidly, and it will also make it impossible to read the accurate amplitude of the reflected wave on the road. Therefore, determining the detection height at the time of radar detection is critical for accurate analysis of radar data for road surface detection.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种确定探地雷达最佳检测高度的方法，为公路无损检测提供重要依据。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the optimum detection height of ground penetrating radar, which provides an important basis for road non-destructive detection.
上述的目的通过以下技术方案实现：The above-mentioned purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种确定探地雷达最佳检测高度的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：A method for determining the optimum detection height of ground penetrating radar, the method comprises the steps of:
(1)准备一块钢板，并将钢板水平放置；(1) Prepare a steel plate and place the steel plate horizontally;
(2)计算探地雷达所用天线发射的电磁波的波长；(2) Calculate the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna used by the ground penetrating radar;
(3)将探地雷达天线紧贴钢板表面中心进行全反射波的获取；(3) Place the ground penetrating radar antenna close to the center of the steel plate surface to obtain the total reflected wave;
(4)逐渐将探地雷达天线从紧贴钢板表面沿竖直向钢板正上方移动，直至移至探地雷达天线所发射的电磁波的1.5倍波长处；(4) Gradually move the ground penetrating radar antenna from being close to the surface of the steel plate to directly above the steel plate until it moves to 1.5 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the ground penetrating radar antenna;
(5)绘制整个过程中天线获取的所有全反射波；(5) Draw all total reflected waves acquired by the antenna during the whole process;
(6)不受天线自身末端反射波影响的全反射中振幅达到最大的点所在的高度，即为最佳检测高度。(6) The height of the point where the amplitude reaches the maximum in the total reflection that is not affected by the reflected wave at the end of the antenna itself is the optimal detection height.
作为优选，所述步骤(1)中，钢板的边长要满足不使探地雷达出现边缘效应，所谓边缘效应即因钢板尺寸过小导致探地雷达接收天线无法接收到完全的电磁波全反射波。As preferably, in the step (1), the side length of the steel plate will satisfy the ground penetrating radar without edge effect, and the so-called edge effect is that the ground penetrating radar receiving antenna cannot receive complete electromagnetic wave total reflection wave because the steel plate size is too small .
作为优选，所述步骤(2)中，通过以下公式计算得到该天线所发射电磁波的波长，As preferably, in said step (2), the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna is calculated by the following formula,
C＝λ×fC=λ×f
其中，C为光在空气中的传播速度，λ为天线发射的电磁波波长，f为天线发射的电磁波频率。Among them, C is the propagation speed of light in the air, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna, and f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna.
作为优选，所述步骤(3)中，由于金属能将电磁波屏蔽，电磁波无法穿透金属而发生全部反射，接收天线收到的反射波即为全反射波。Preferably, in the step (3), since the metal can shield the electromagnetic wave, the electromagnetic wave cannot penetrate the metal and is completely reflected, and the reflected wave received by the receiving antenna is a total reflected wave.
作为优选，所述步骤(4)中，由于探地雷达天线自身末端缺陷导致的反射波会与地面反射波耦合而无法读取正确的地面反射波，所以需要在电磁波1.5个波长范围内寻找地面反射波振幅最大点。Preferably, in the step (4), the reflected wave caused by the end defect of the ground penetrating radar antenna itself will be coupled with the ground reflected wave and the correct ground reflected wave cannot be read, so it is necessary to search for the ground within the range of 1.5 wavelengths of the electromagnetic wave The point of maximum reflected wave amplitude.
作为优选，所述步骤(6)中，排除受天线自身末端反射波影响的全反射波主要是通过比较天线自身末端反射波振幅是否减小。Preferably, in the step (6), excluding the total reflected waves affected by the reflected waves at the end of the antenna itself is mainly by comparing whether the amplitude of the reflected waves at the end of the antenna itself decreases.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
(1)本发明能极大地提升应用反射系数法计算介电常数的精度；(1) The present invention can greatly improve the accuracy of applying the reflection coefficient method to calculate the dielectric constant;
(2)本发明能减少应用探地雷达计算路面层厚度的误差；(2) The present invention can reduce the error of applying ground-penetrating radar to calculate the thickness of the pavement layer;
(3)本发明能提高应用探地雷达计算路面孔隙率的精确度；(3) The present invention can improve the accuracy of applying ground penetrating radar to calculate pavement porosity;
(4)本发明能增强应用探地雷达检测路面性能时的规范性与可行性；(4) The present invention can enhance the standardization and feasibility of applying ground penetrating radar to detect road surface performance;
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为确定探地雷达最佳检测高度的流程图；Figure 1 is a flow chart for determining the optimum detection height of ground penetrating radar;
图2为探地雷达天线处于不同位置时的全反射波形图；Figure 2 is a total reflection waveform diagram when the ground penetrating radar antenna is in different positions;
图3为探地雷达天线处于不同位置时各反射波的振幅；Figure 3 shows the amplitude of each reflected wave when the ground penetrating radar antenna is in different positions;
图4为用探地雷达从不同高度检测路面板时的误差与高度的关系图。Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the error and the height when the ground penetrating radar is used to detect the road slab from different heights.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐明本发明，应理解下述具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。The present invention will be further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
图1是确定探地雷达最佳检测高度的流程图。本实施例的一种确定探地雷达最佳检测高度的方法的步骤包括：Figure 1 is a flow chart for determining the optimum detection height of ground penetrating radar. The steps of a method for determining the optimum detection height of ground penetrating radar in this embodiment include:
(1)准备一块边长足够大的钢板；(1) Prepare a steel plate with a long enough side;
该步骤中钢板的尺寸为40cm*40cm*1cm。The size of the steel plate in this step is 40cm*40cm*1cm.
(2)计算探地雷达所用天线发射的电磁波的波长；(2) Calculate the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna used by the ground penetrating radar;
通过以下公式计算得到该天线所发射电磁波的波长，The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna is calculated by the following formula,
C＝λ×fC=λ×f
其中，C为光在空气中的传播速度，λ为天线发射的电磁波波长，f为天线发射的电磁波频率。Among them, C is the propagation speed of light in the air, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna, and f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna.
本实例中，探地雷达采用意大利产的IDS雷达，天线为TR-HF高频天线，其核心频率为1600MHz，利用上式计算得该天线发射的电磁波波长为18.75cm。In this example, the ground penetrating radar adopts the IDS radar produced in Italy, and the antenna is a TR-HF high-frequency antenna, and its core frequency is 1600MHz. Using the above formula, the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna has a wavelength of 18.75cm.
(3)将探地雷达天线紧贴钢板进行全反射波的获取；(3) Place the ground penetrating radar antenna close to the steel plate to obtain the total reflected wave;
由于金属能将电磁波屏蔽，电磁波无法穿透金属而发生全部反射，接收天线收到的反射波即为全反射波。记录此时的位置和电磁波波形。Since the metal can shield the electromagnetic wave, the electromagnetic wave cannot penetrate the metal and is completely reflected. The reflected wave received by the receiving antenna is the total reflected wave. Record the position and electromagnetic wave waveform at this time.
(4)逐渐将探地雷达天线从紧贴钢板表面沿竖直向钢板正上方移动，直至移至探地雷达天线所发射的电磁波的1.5倍波长处；(4) Gradually move the ground penetrating radar antenna from being close to the surface of the steel plate to directly above the steel plate until it moves to 1.5 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the ground penetrating radar antenna;
以λ/4(即4.6875cm)为间距对全反射波进行采集。The total reflected waves are collected at a distance of λ/4 (ie 4.6875cm).
一般在一个波长内找寻振幅最大点，但是探地雷达天线由于自身末端缺陷导致的反射波会与地面反射波耦合而无法读取正确的地面反射波，所以一般需要在1.5个波长范围内寻找地面反射波振幅最大点；当高度范围更大时，由于电磁波的衰减作用，地面反射波振幅会迅速下降，因此不建议高度范围更大。Generally, the maximum amplitude point is found within one wavelength, but the reflected wave caused by the end defect of the ground penetrating radar antenna will couple with the ground reflected wave and cannot read the correct ground reflected wave, so it is generally necessary to find the ground within 1.5 wavelengths The point where the amplitude of the reflected wave is the largest; when the height range is larger, the amplitude of the ground reflected wave will drop rapidly due to the attenuation of electromagnetic waves, so it is not recommended to have a larger height range.
(5)绘制整个过程中天线获取的所有全反射波；(5) Draw all total reflected waves acquired by the antenna during the whole process;
(6)不受天线自身末端反射波影响的全反射中振幅达到最大的点所在的高度，即为最佳检测高度。(6) The height of the point where the amplitude reaches the maximum in the total reflection that is not affected by the reflected wave at the end of the antenna itself is the optimal detection height.
从图2中可以看出：当位置为3λ/2时，此时可以认为天线自身末端的反射波已经不受地面反射波的影响。当位置为0和λ/4时，其第一个波峰明显低于不受干扰的天线自身末端反射波，当位置为λ/2时，第二个波形明显高于不受干扰的天线自身末端反射波，因此探地雷达天线位于钢板上方0，λ/4，λ/2时，地面反射波均受到了天线自身末端反射波的干扰，需要将这三个位置的地面反射波排除，比较剩下的位置的地面反射波。It can be seen from Figure 2 that when the position is 3λ/2, it can be considered that the reflected wave at the end of the antenna itself is not affected by the ground reflected wave. When the position is 0 and λ/4, the first wave peak is obviously lower than the reflected wave at the end of the undisturbed antenna itself, and when the position is λ/2, the second wave is significantly higher than the end of the undisturbed antenna itself Therefore, when the ground penetrating radar antenna is located at 0, λ/4, and λ/2 above the steel plate, the ground reflected waves are all interfered by the reflected waves at the end of the antenna itself, and it is necessary to exclude the ground reflected waves at these three positions. The ground-reflected wave at the next location.
如图3所示，可见当距离为5λ/4时，其振幅达到最大值，此高度即为此探地雷达对应天线的最佳检测高度。As shown in Figure 3, it can be seen that when the distance is 5λ/4, its amplitude reaches the maximum value, and this height is the best detection height of the antenna corresponding to the ground penetrating radar.
用探地雷达对一块厚度为5.172cm的路面板进行厚度检测，以验证探地雷达最佳检测高度对于探地雷达测厚的影响，结果如图4所示，可见探地雷达最佳检测高度的确定能有效地提高探地雷达测量路面厚度的精度。The thickness of a road slab with a thickness of 5.172cm is detected by GPR to verify the influence of the optimal detection height of GPR on the thickness measurement of GPR. The results are shown in Figure 4. It can be seen that the optimal detection height of GPR The determination of can effectively improve the accuracy of ground penetrating radar to measure the thickness of road surface.
应当指出，上述实施实例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定，这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。It should be pointed out that the above-mentioned implementation examples are only examples for clearly explaining, rather than limiting the implementation manners, and it is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively enumerate all the implementation manners here. All components that are not specified in this embodiment can be realized by existing technologies. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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