CN108495901A - 金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂、叠层体、电池外包装用包装材料以及电池外壳及其制造方法 - Google Patents
金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂、叠层体、电池外包装用包装材料以及电池外壳及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108495901A CN108495901A CN201680079558.0A CN201680079558A CN108495901A CN 108495901 A CN108495901 A CN 108495901A CN 201680079558 A CN201680079558 A CN 201680079558A CN 108495901 A CN108495901 A CN 108495901A
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- resin film
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Abstract
本发明提供金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,其含有:多元醇(A)、多异氰酸酯的多聚物(B)、以及金属化合物(C),上述金属化合物(C)为第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的化合物,多异氰酸酯的多聚物(B)含有饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚物和饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚物。本发明的叠层体是将金属箔与树脂膜经由粘合剂层进行叠层而得到的,上述粘合剂层是由本发明的叠层用粘合剂得到的。本发明的电池外包装用包装材料是使用本发明的叠层体而得到的。本发明的电池外壳是使用本发明的电池外包装用包装材料而得到的。本发明的外壳的制造方法将本发明的电池外包装用包装材料进行深冲压成型或挤胀成型。根据本发明,可以提供具有优异的粘合力,且耐热性、耐电解液性优异的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及对锂离子电池等二次电池的外包装材料用的粘合剂适合的、金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂、使用该金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂而制造的叠层体、使用了该叠层体的电池外包装用包装材料、将该电池外包装用包装材料成型而得到的电池外壳以及该电池外壳的制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,笔记本电脑、手机等电子设备的小型化、轻量化、薄型化进展。因此,关于电子设备用的二次蓄电池,也要求高能量密度化、轻量化,代替以往的铅蓄电池、镍氢电池,具有高能量密度的锂离子电池的开发盛行。进一步,在电动汽车、混合动力车的电源中也能够使用的锂离子电池被实用化。
对于锂离子电池,作为正极材料使用含有锂的化合物,作为负极材料使用石墨、焦炭等碳材料。进一步,在正极和负极之间,具备电解质层,该电解质层由在碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸二乙酯等具有渗透力的非质子性溶剂中溶解了作为电解质的LiPF6、LiBF4等锂盐的电解液、或含浸了该电解液的聚合物凝胶形成。
以往,作为电池外壳用包装材料,已知将作为外侧层的耐热性树脂拉伸膜层、铝箔层、和作为内侧层的热塑性树脂未拉伸膜层依次叠层而得的叠层体。在使用这样的结构的电池外壳用包装材料而得到的电池外壳的情况下,如果电解液那样的具有渗透力的溶剂透过电池的外包装所使用的叠层体中的成为密封件的膜层,则铝箔层与树脂膜层间的叠层强度降低,很有可能成为电解液漏出的原因。因此,开发出在铝箔层与内侧层之间,经由粘合剂层而粘合的电池外壳用包装材料,该粘合剂层含有:包含酸酐基或羧基、羟基等与异氰酸酯具有反应性的官能团的树脂、以及多官能异氰酸酯化合物。
例如,专利文献1~3中记载了使用使烯属不饱和羧酸或其酸酐与丙烯的均聚物或丙烯与乙烯的共聚物接枝聚合了的改性聚烯烃树脂、以及多官能异氰酸酯化合物溶解或分散于有机溶剂而得的溶剂型粘合剂来形成粘合剂层的方法。
然而,专利文献1~3的改性聚烯烃树脂存在下述问题:强烈受到涂覆、熟化时的湿度、叠层体的基材的厚度等左右粘合剂层中所含有的水分量的要素的影响,其粘合力产生偏差而耐电解液性差。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2010-92703号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2014-89985号公报
专利文献3:WO2013/114934号
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明是在这样的背景技术下完成的,其目的是提供具有优异的粘合力且该粘合力在早期就显现并且稳定的、耐电解液性优异的叠层用金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂。此外,本发明的另一目的是提供耐电解液性优异,适合于电池外包装用包装材料的金属箔与树脂膜的叠层体。进一步,本发明的另一目的是使用包含该叠层体的电池外包装用包装材料而形成的、耐电解液性优异的电池外壳及其制造方法。
用于解决课题的方法
即本发明涉及以下的〔1〕~〔15〕。
〔1〕一种金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,含有:具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)、多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)、以及金属化合物(C),上述金属化合物(C)为第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的化合物。
〔2〕根据上述〔1〕所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,上述具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)含有包含丙烯和烯属不饱和羧酸或其酸酐作为单体单元的改性聚烯烃树脂、或者包含丙烯和乙烯以及烯属不饱和羧酸或其酸酐作为单体单元的改性聚烯烃树脂。
〔3〕根据上述〔1〕或〔2〕所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,上述具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)含有在130℃下测定的MFR为5g/10分钟~42g/10分钟的具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂。
〔4〕根据上述〔1〕~〔3〕中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,上述多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)含有多异氰酸酯的多聚物。
〔5〕根据上述〔1〕~〔4〕中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,上述多异氰酸酯的多聚物含有多异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体。
〔6〕根据上述〔1〕~〔5〕中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)中所含有的异氰酸酯基数相对于上述具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)中所含有的羧基数的比率为0.5~13。
〔7〕根据上述〔1〕~〔6〕中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,上述金属化合物(C)含有第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的至少1种羧酸盐。
〔8〕根据上述〔1〕~〔7〕中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,上述金属化合物(C)含有锌或锰的羧酸盐。
〔9〕根据上述〔1〕~〔8〕中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,其还含有溶剂(D)。
〔10〕一种叠层体,是将金属箔与树脂膜经由粘合剂层进行叠层而得到的,上述粘合剂层是由上述〔1〕~〔9〕中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂得到的。
〔11〕根据上述〔10〕所述的叠层体,上述金属箔为铝箔,上述树脂膜包含热熔接性树脂膜。
〔12〕根据上述〔10〕或〔11〕所述的叠层体,上述金属箔的厚度为10~100μm,上述树脂膜的厚度为9~100μm。
〔13〕一种电池外包装用包装材料,其是使用上述〔10〕~〔12〕中任一项所述的叠层体而得到的。
〔14〕一种电池外壳,其是使用上述〔13〕所述的电池外包装用包装材料而得到的。
〔15〕一种电池外壳的制造方法,将上述〔13〕所述的电池外包装用包装材料进行深冲压成型或挤胀成型。
发明的效果
本发明的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的粘合力优异,使用该金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂而形成的金属箔与树脂膜的叠层体由于耐电解液性优异,因此适合作为锂离子电池等二次电池的制作所使用的电池外包装用包装材料的原材料。此外,使用本发明的电池外包装用包装材料而形成的电池外壳的耐电解液性优异,通过使用该电池外壳,可以提供寿命长的安全的二次电池。
具体实施方式
[金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂]
本实施方式涉及的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂含有:具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)、多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)、以及金属化合物(C),上述金属化合物(C)为第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的化合物。
在本实施方式涉及的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂中,上述具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)相当于主剂,多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)相当于固化剂,金属化合物(C)相当于反应促进剂。
本实施方式涉及的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂可以适合用于金属箔与树脂膜的粘合,特别是作为金属箔与树脂膜叠层用的粘合剂是有用的,该叠层体可以适合用作电池外包装用包装材料。
这里,本说明书中的“~”是指“~”的符号之前的值以上、且“~”的符号之后的值以下。
<具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)>
本实施方式所使用的具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(以下,有时称为“(A)成分”或“(A)”)只要在分子结构中包含羧基,就没有特别限制。另外,这里所谓羧基,除了源于羧酸的构成单元以外,也包括源于羧酸酐的构成单元。作为这样的树脂,可举出例如,使具有羧基的单体与聚烯烃接枝聚合而得的树脂、将具有羧基的单体与烯烃共聚而得的树脂、以及将它们组合进行共聚而得的树脂等。
作为具有羧基的单体,可举出例如,丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸等烯属不饱和羧酸、马来酸酐、柠康酸酐、衣康酸酐等烯属不饱和羧酸酐、(甲基)丙烯酸β-羧基乙酯等含有羧基的烯属不饱和羧酸酯等,其中更优选为马来酸酐。
此外,也可以含有不具有羧基的烯属不饱和羧酸酯作为单体单元。作为不具有羧基的烯属不饱和羧酸酯,可举出例如丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与碳原子数1~20的不具有羧基的醇的酯化物,可举出(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十二烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂基酯等。也可以使用它们的混合物。另外,在本说明书中所谓“具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)含有~作为单体单元”,是指“作为聚合具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)时的原料单体,含有~”。
作为聚烯烃树脂,可举出含有乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、戊烯、己烯、庚烯、辛烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯等单烯烃作为单体单元的聚烯烃树脂、进一步含有环戊烯、环己烯等脂环族烯烃、1,4-己二烯、1,5-己二烯、二乙烯基苯、1,3-环戊二烯、1,3-环己二烯、5-乙烯基-2-降冰片烯等链状或环状多元烯、苯乙烯、取代苯乙烯等芳香族乙烯基化合物作为单体单元的聚烯烃树脂等。其中从对聚烯烃基材的密合性的观点考虑,优选为含有丙烯、或乙烯和丙烯作为单体单元的聚烯烃树脂。
具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)优选含有在130℃下测定的MFR(熔体流动速率,meltmass-flow rate)为5g/10分钟~42g/10分钟的具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂。如果MFR为5g/10分钟以上,则即使与电解液接触,由本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂得到的粘合剂层的粘合力也不易降低,如果MFR为42g/10分钟以下,则本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的涂布时的操作性变得良好。另外,本说明书中的MFR是利用JIS K7210所记载的方法,在温度130℃、荷重2160g的条件下得到的值。具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)的在130℃下测定的MFR更优选为8g/10分钟~40g/10分钟,进一步优选为12g/10分钟~40g/10分钟。
具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)的酸值优选为3~60mgKOH/g,更优选为5~50mgKOH/g,进一步优选为5~45mgKOH/g。如果酸值为3mgKOH/g以上,则即使与电解液接触,由本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂得到的粘合剂层的粘合力也不易降低,如果为60mgKOH/g以下,则本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的涂布时的操作性变得良好。另外,本说明书中的酸值是利用JIS 0070所记载的方法而得到的值。
<多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)>
作为本实施方式所使用的多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)(以下,也称为“(B)成分”或“(B)”),只要是包含2个以上异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯、或其多聚物,就没有特别限制。本实施方式中的多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)是作为固化剂配合于本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的。
作为多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B),可举出例如,1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、亚甲基双(4-环己基异氰酸酯)、1,3-双(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯等饱和脂环式二异氰酸酯;2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、1,3-苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯等芳香族二异氰酸酯;六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯等脂肪族二异氰酸酯、或它们的脲基甲酸酯化多聚物;异氰脲酸酯体;和缩二脲改性物等。它们可以单独使用或混合2种以上使用。更优选为脲基甲酸酯化多聚物、异氰脲酸酯体、缩二脲改性物等多异氰酸酯的多聚物。通过将多异氰酸酯制成多聚物,从而金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的耐电解液性优异。其原因不明确,但推测是因为异氰脲酸酯体和脲基甲酸酯化多聚物等结构的耐电解液性优异。这些多异氰酸酯的多聚物之中,多异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体的耐电解液性特别优异,是优选的。
多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)中所含有的异氰酸酯基数相对于具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)中所含有的羧基数的比率(以下,也称为NCO/COOH比)优选为0.3~15,更优选为0.5~10,进一步优选为0.8~10。如果NCO/COOH比为0.3以上,则由本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂得到的粘合剂层的、对树脂膜的粘合力变得特别良好,如果NCO/COOH比为15以下,则即使与电解液接触,由本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂得到的粘合剂层的粘合力也不易降低。另外在计算NCO/COOH比时,在羧基源于羧酸酐的构成单元的情况下,1摩尔该构成单元相当于源于羧酸的构成单元的羧基2摩尔的量。
<作为第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的化合物的金属化合物(C)>
本实施方式中的作为元素周期表的第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的化合物的金属化合物(C)(以下,也称为“第7族和/或第12族的金属化合物(C)”或“金属化合物(C)”或“(C)成分”或“(C)”)是作为用于促进本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂中的具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)与多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)之间的反应的反应促进剂而配合的。
本实施方式所使用的作为第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的化合物的金属化合物(C)可以单独使用或并用含有选自锰、锝、铼中的第7族、选自锌、镉、汞中的第12族的各金属元素的化合物。
作为第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的化合物的金属化合物(C),可举出例如,金属己酸盐、金属辛酸盐(2-乙基己酸盐)、金属新癸酸盐、金属硬脂酸盐、金属油酸盐等金属羧酸盐、金属乙酰丙酮酸盐等。其中从长期电解液浸渍后的粘合强度的观点考虑,金属化合物(C)优选含有第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的至少1种羧酸盐,更优选含有选自锌和锰中的金属的至少1种羧酸盐,进一步优选含有锌的羧酸盐。
具体而言,作为第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的化合物的金属化合物(C)优选为新癸酸锌(C20H38O4Zn)、2-乙基己酸锌(辛酸锌、己酸锌、C16H30O4Zn)、硬脂酸锌(C36H70O4Zn)、乙酰丙酮酸锌(C10H14O4Zn)、2-乙基己酸锰(辛酸锰、己酸锰、C16H30O4Mn),更优选为新癸酸锌(C20H38O4Zn)、2-乙基己酸锌(辛酸锌、己酸锌、C16H30O4Zn)。
作为(C)成分以外的反应促进剂,可以并用作为有机锡化合物的二月桂酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二辛基锡、二乙酸二辛基锡、作为叔胺的2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚、二甲基苯胺、二甲基对甲苯胺、N,N-二(β-羟基乙基)-对甲苯胺等。
作为第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的化合物的金属化合物(C)相对于具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)100质量份的比率没有特别限制,相对于具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)100质量份,金属化合物(C)的含量以金属的质量换算优选为0.0001质量份~5质量份,更优选为0.0005质量份~5质量份,进一步优选为0.001质量份~5质量份。如果为0.0001质量份以上,则即使在长期浸渍于电解液后,由本发明的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂得到的粘合剂层的粘合力也充分地变高,如果为5质量份以下则常态的粘合强度变高。另外,第7族和/或第12族的金属化合物(C)可以在具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)的制造时添加,也可以在粘合剂的调制时添加。
<溶剂(D)>
本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂可以含有溶剂(D)(以下,有时称为“(D)成分”或“(D)”)。
溶剂(D)只要能够溶解或分散具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)、多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)和作为第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的化合物的金属化合物(C),就没有特别限制。可举出例如,甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族系有机溶剂、环己烷、甲基环己烷、乙基环己烷等脂环式系有机溶剂、正己烷、正庚烷等脂肪族系有机溶剂、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯等酯系有机溶剂、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基丁基酮等酮系有机溶剂等。它们可以单独使用或混合2种以上使用。
其中,特别是从具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)的溶解性的观点考虑,优选为乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲苯、甲基环己烷、甲基乙基酮,更优选为乙酸乙酯、甲苯、甲基环己烷。
本实施方式涉及的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂中的、溶剂(D)的含量优选为30~95质量%,更优选为40~90质量%,进一步优选为50~80质量%。如果为30质量%以上,则本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的涂布时的操作性变得良好,如果为95质量%以下,则将本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂涂布、固化而得到的叠层体的厚度控制性变得良好。
<其它成分>
本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂根据需要可以包含增粘剂、增塑剂等添加剂。
作为上述增粘剂,没有特别限定。例如,对于天然系,可举出聚烯萜系树脂、松香系树脂等,对于石油系,可举出由石脑油的裂解油馏分得到的脂肪族(C5)系树脂、芳香族(C9)系树脂、共聚(C5/C9)系树脂、脂环族系树脂等。此外,可举出将这些树脂的双键部分氢化而得的氢化树脂。该增粘剂可以仅使用1种,也可以并用2种以上。作为上述增塑剂,没有特别限定,可举出例如,聚异戊二烯、聚丁烯等液状橡胶、工艺油等。
此外,只要在不损害本实施方式的效果的范围内,则也可以包含具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)以外的热塑性树脂、热塑性弹性体。作为可以配合的热塑性树脂和热塑性弹性体,可举出例如,乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚树脂、乙烯-乙基丙烯酸酯共聚树脂、SEBS(苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯)、SEPS(苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯)等。
本实施方式涉及的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂中的、(A)、(B)、(C)和(D)成分的合计含量优选为80质量%以上,更优选为90质量%以上,进一步优选为95质量%以上,进一步优选为98质量%以上。
[叠层体]
本实施方式的叠层体是将金属箔与树脂膜经由粘合剂层进行叠层而得到的,该粘合剂层是由本实施方式的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂(以下,有时简称为“本实施方式的叠层用粘合剂”。)得到的。
此外在本实施方式的叠层体中,只要含有将金属箔与树脂膜经由由本实施方式的叠层用粘合剂得到的粘合剂层进行接合而得到的层,则还可以含有金属箔彼此和/或树脂膜彼此经由由本实施方式的叠层用粘合剂得到的粘合剂层进行接合而得到的层。该接合方法可以使用热叠层方式、干燥叠层方式等公知的方法。在本实施方式中,所谓热叠层方式,是将不含溶剂(D)的本实施方式的叠层用粘合剂在与粘合剂层接触的层表面进行加热熔融,或和与粘合剂层接触的层一起进行加热挤出,从而介于叠层体的层间,形成粘合剂层的方式。此外,在本实施方式中,所谓干燥叠层方式,是将含有溶剂(D)的本实施方式的叠层用粘合剂涂布在与粘合剂层接触的层表面,使其干燥后与另一个层重合而压接,从而介于叠层体的层间,形成粘合剂层的方式。
金属箔一般使用并且优选使用材质为纯铝系或铝-铁系合金的O材(软质材)等铝箔。作为铝箔的厚度,为了确保加工性和确保防止叠层体中的氧、水分透过的阻挡性,优选为10~100μm左右。在铝箔的厚度小于10μm的情况下,可能在成型时发生铝箔的破裂,或产生针孔而导致氧气、水分透过叠层体。另一方面,在铝箔的厚度超过100μm的情况下,成型时的断裂的改善效果、防止针孔发生的效果并未特别提高,而仅仅是叠层体的总厚度厚,质量增加。铝箔一般使用30~50μm左右的厚度的铝箔,优选使用40~50μm的厚度的铝箔。另外,为了提高与树脂膜的粘合性、提高耐蚀性,优选对铝箔预先进行硅烷偶联剂、钛偶联剂等底涂处理、铬酸盐处理等转化处理。
作为树脂膜,优选为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、马来酸改性聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物或离聚物树脂等热熔接性树脂膜。这些树脂具有热封性,承担使耐化学品性提高的作用。它们的膜厚度优选为9~100μm,更优选为20~80μm,进一步优选为40~80μm。如果树脂膜的厚度为9μm以上,则可获得充分的热封强度,耐蚀性变得良好。如果树脂膜的厚度为100μm以下,则强度充分,并且,成型性变得良好。
本实施方式的叠层体的用途没有特别限定,作为有用的用途,可举出包装用途。作为被该叠层体包装的内容物,可举出包含酸、碱、有机溶剂等的液状物,例如,油灰(厚油灰、薄油灰等)、涂料(油性涂料等)、漆(透明漆等)、汽车用复合物等溶剂系的液状物等。此外,该叠层体由于也适合于包装锂离子电池的电解液,因此可以并且优选作为电池外包装用包装材料使用。在作为电池外包装用包装材料使用的情况下,优选金属箔为铝箔,并且,树脂膜包含热熔接性树脂膜,此外在铝箔的外侧设置有由耐热性树脂膜形成的外层。
[电池外包装用包装材料]
本实施方式的电池外包装用包装材料是使用本实施方式的叠层体而得到的。
本实施方式的电池外包装用包装材料优选为在本实施方式的叠层体的、金属箔的外侧设置有由树脂膜特别是耐热性树脂膜形成的外层。此外,根据需要,为了提高机械强度、耐电解液性等特性,可以制成附加了第1中间树脂层或/和第2中间树脂层等的结构。作为优选方案,具体可以为如下结构。另外,粘合剂层是指“由本实施方式的叠层用粘合剂得到的粘合剂层”,使金属箔层为铝箔层进行例示。
(1)外层/铝箔层/粘合剂层/树脂膜层
(2)外层/第1中间树脂层/铝箔层/粘合剂层/树脂膜层
(3)外层/铝箔层/第2中间树脂层/粘合剂层/树脂膜层
(4)外层/第1中间树脂层/铝箔层/第2中间树脂层/粘合剂层/树脂膜层
(5)涂层/外层/铝箔层/粘合剂层/树脂膜层
(6)涂层/外层/第1中间树脂层/铝箔层/粘合剂层/树脂膜层
(7)涂层/外层/铝箔层/第2中间树脂层/粘合剂层/树脂膜层
(8)涂层/外层/第1中间树脂层/铝箔层/第2中间树脂层/粘合剂层/树脂膜层
(第1中间树脂层、第2中间树脂层)
在上述中,作为第1中间树脂层,出于使电池外包装用包装材料的机械强度提高的目的,可以使用聚酰胺树脂、聚酯树脂或聚乙烯树脂等。作为第2中间树脂层,主要出于使耐电解液性提高的目的,可以与第1中间树脂层同样地使用聚酰胺树脂、聚酯树脂或聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯等热粘合性挤出树脂。树脂膜层可以使用单层的树脂膜、多层的树脂膜(通过2层的共挤出或3层的共挤出等制造)。此外,第2中间树脂层也可以使用单层的树脂膜、多层的共挤出树脂膜。第1中间树脂层和第2中间树脂层的厚度没有特别限定,在设置它们的情况下,通常为0.1~30μm左右。
(外层)
使用于外层的树脂膜的耐热性、成型性、绝缘性等优异,一般使用聚酰胺(尼龙)树脂或聚酯树脂的拉伸膜。该外层膜的厚度为9~50μm左右,如果小于9μm则在进行包装材料的成型时拉伸膜的伸长率不足,在铝箔上发生缩颈,成型不良易于发生。另一方面,在超过50μm的厚度的情况下,成型性的效果并不会格外提高,相反只是使体积能量密度降低并且导致成本升高。外层膜的厚度更优选为10~40μm左右,进一步优选为20~30μm。
作为使用于该外层的树脂膜,从获得更尖锐的形状方面考虑,优选使用下述树脂膜:在将拉伸膜的拉伸方向设为0°的情况下,以0°、45°、90°的3个方向分别成为拉伸方向的方式将膜切出成规定大小,进行拉伸试验,此时,其拉伸强度为150N/mm2以上,优选为200N/mm2以上,进一步优选为250N/mm2以上,并且由3个方向的拉伸得到的伸长率为80%以上,优选为100%以上,进一步优选为120%以上。通过使抗拉强度为150N/mm2以上,或由拉伸得到的伸长率为80%以上,上述效果充分地发挥。另外,抗拉强度和由拉伸得到的伸长率的值是膜的拉伸试验(试验片的长度150mm×宽度15mm×厚度9~50μm,拉伸速度100mm/min)中的直到断裂的值。试验片对3个方向分别切出。
(金属箔)
金属箔发挥对水蒸气等的阻挡性的作用,作为材质,一般并且优选使用纯铝系或铝-铁系合金的O材(软质材)。作为铝箔的厚度,为了确保加工性和确保防止氧、水分对包装内浸入的阻挡性,优选为10~100μm左右。在铝箔的厚度小于10μm的情况下,可能在成型时发生铝箔的破裂,或产生针孔而氧、水分浸入。另一方面,在铝箔的厚度超过100μm的情况下,成型时的断裂的改善效果、防止针孔发生的效果并不会格外提高,而仅仅是包装材料的总厚度厚,质量增加,体积能量密度降低。铝箔一般使用30~50μm左右的厚度的铝箔,优选使用40~50μm的厚度的铝箔。另外,为了提高与树脂膜的粘合性、提高耐蚀性,优选对铝箔预先进行硅烷偶联剂、钛偶联剂等底涂处理、铬酸盐处理等化学转化处理。
(树脂膜)
作为树脂膜,优选为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、马来酸改性聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物或离聚物树脂等热熔接性树脂膜。这些树脂具有热封性,发挥使对腐蚀性强的锂二次电池的电解液等的耐化学性提高的作用。它们的膜厚度优选为9~100μm,更优选为20~80μm,进一步优选为40~80μm。如果树脂膜的厚度为9μm以上,则可获得充分的热封强度,对电解液等的耐蚀性变得良好。如果树脂膜的厚度为100μm以下,则电池外包装用包装材料的强度充分,并且,成型性变得良好。
(涂层)
本实施方式的电池外包装用包装材料可以在外层上设置涂层。作为涂层的形成法,有涂覆阻气性聚合物的方法、蒸镀铝金属、氧化硅、氧化铝等无机氧化物而涂覆金属和无机物的薄膜的方法等。通过设置涂层,可获得水蒸气和其它气体的阻隔性更优异的叠层体。
[电池外壳]
本实施方式的电池外壳是使用本实施方式的电池外包装用包装材料而得到的。例如,通过将电池外包装用包装材料成型而得到。
本实施方式的电池外包装用包装材料的耐电解液性、耐热性、水蒸气和其它气体阻隔性优异,适合用作二次电池,特别是锂离子电池用的电池外壳。此外,本实施方式的电池外包装用包装材料的成型性非常良好,因此通过按照公知的方法成型,可以简便地获得本实施方式的电池外壳。成型的方法没有特别限定,如果通过深冲压成型或挤胀成型来成型,则可以制作复杂的形状、尺寸精度高的电池外壳。
实施例
以下,通过实施例和比较例更具体地说明本发明,但本发明不受这些实施例任何限制。
对实施例1~11和比较例1~3的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的制造所使用的、具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)实施了以下评价。
<具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)的酸值测定>
具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)的酸值基于JIS 0070进行测定。
<具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)的MFR测定>
具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)的MFR利用JIS K 7210所记载的方法,在温度130℃、荷重2160g的条件下测定。
对实施例1~11和比较例1~3的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂实施了以下评价。
<粘合剂的NCO/COOH比的计算>
基于JIS K 6806测定了实施例1~11和比较例1~3的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的制造所使用的多官能异氰酸酯(B)中所含有的异氰酸酯基数。此外,由通过上述而测定的具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)的酸值,算出聚烯烃树脂(A)中所含有的羧基的数量。进而,使用这些异氰酸酯基数和羧基数,算出异氰酸酯基数相对于羧基的比率而记为NCO/COOH比。
<储存期的判定>
将粘合剂在30℃保存12小时、24小时、48小时后,涂覆在未拉伸聚丙烯膜上,通过以下基准判定涂覆性的好坏。
◎···在48小时后,可以涂覆。
○···虽然在24小时后,可以涂覆,但在48小时后,增稠或凝胶化而不能涂覆。
△···虽然在12小时后,可以涂覆,但在24小时后,增稠或凝胶化而不能涂覆。
×···在12小时后,增稠或凝胶化而不能涂覆。
对使用实施例和比较例的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂而制作的电池外壳用包装材料评价了以下的剥离强度。使用从所得的电池外包装用包装材料切出成长度150mm×宽度15mm的尺寸的材料作为试验片。
<剥离强度>
(1)常态T字剥离强度
使用上述试验片和自动绘图仪AG-X(株式会社岛津制作所制),在23℃×50%RH气氛下以剥离速度100mm/min进行剥离,测定了铝箔层与未拉伸聚丙烯膜层间的90°剥离强度。
(2)电解液溶剂浸渍后的T字剥离强度
将上述试验片浸渍于电解液溶剂(碳酸亚丙酯/碳酸二乙酯,质量比50/50),在85℃环境下放置1天后取出,使用该试验片与上述(1)同样地测定了铝箔层与未拉伸聚丙烯膜层间的90°剥离强度。
如下制造实施例1~11和比较例1~3的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的制造所使用的、具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)。
(合成例1)
将使用茂金属催化剂作为聚合催化剂而制造的、丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物(丙烯-乙烯摩尔比97:3,MFR10g/10分钟)100质量份、马来酸酐2质量份、甲基丙烯酸月桂酯1质量份和过氧化二叔丁基1.5质量份,使用将料筒部的最高温度设定为170℃的双轴挤出机进行混炼使其反应。然后,在挤出机内进行减压脱气,除去残留的未反应物而获得了具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(a1)。
(合成例2~7)
使用了如表1所示那样的MFR不同的丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物、丙烯聚合物、或丙烯-乙烯-丁烯无规共聚物,除此以外,利用与合成例1同样的方法获得了具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(a2)~(a7)。
如下调制出实施例1~11和比较例1~3的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂。
(实施例1)
使作为(A)成分的具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(a1)15g分散在作为溶剂(D)的甲苯/乙酸乙酯(质量比9/1)的混合溶剂85.0g中。接着,加入作为(B)成分的デュラネートTKA-100(旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社制,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体,异氰酸酯基含量21.7%)1.74g、作为(C)成分的“BiCAT Z”(Shepherd Chemical社制,新癸酸锌)0.50g而调制出金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂。
(实施例2~11、比较例1~3)
采用表2~3所示的配合,除此以外,与实施例1同样地操作,调制出实施例2~11和比较例1~3的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂。
使用实施例1~11和比较例1~3的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,如下操作以干法叠层方式,制造出具有外层/外层用粘合剂/铝箔层/内层用粘合剂/内层的结构的电池外壳用包装材料。
外层:PET/拉伸聚酰胺叠层膜(厚度27μm)
外层用粘合剂:氨基甲酸酯系干式叠层用粘合剂(东洋モートン株式会社制:AD502/CAT10,涂布量3g/m2(涂布时))
铝箔层:铝-铁系合金的铝箔(AA规格8079-O材,厚度40μm)
内层用粘合剂:金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂(涂布量:干燥后的厚度为2μm)
内层:未拉伸聚丙烯膜(厚度80μm)
粘合后熟化条件,期间:40℃,5%RH,24小时
[评价结果]
将实施例1~11和比较例1~3的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的制造所使用的聚烯烃树脂的评价结果示于表1中。此外,将实施例1~11的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的评价结果示于表2中,将比较例1~3的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的评价结果示于表4中。进一步,将使用实施例1~11的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂而制作的电池外壳用包装材料的评价结果示于表2中,将使用比较例1~3的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂而制作的电池外壳用包装材料的评价结果示于表3中。
另外,表2中的各成分的详细如下所述。
·己酸锌:东荣化工株式会社制,2-乙基己酸锌(65质量份)和矿油精(35质量份)的混合物
·エフコ·ケムZNS-P:株式会社ADEKA制,硬脂酸锌
·乙酰丙酮酸锌:东京化成工业株式会社制的试剂
·己酸锰:东荣化工株式会社制,辛酸锰(42质量份)和矿油精(58质量份)的混合物
·KS-1260:堺化学工业株式会社制,二月桂酸丁基锡
·乙酰丙酮酸钛:东京化成工业株式会社制的试剂
·BiCAT8210:Shepherd Chemical社制,三(2-乙基己酸)铋(铋三(2-乙基己酸盐))(89质量份)和2-乙基己酸(11质量份)的混合物
[表1]
表1
[表2]
表2
[表3]
表3
(考察)
根据表2的结果可知,本发明的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂(实施例1~11)的常态T字剥离强度、电解液溶剂浸渍后的T字剥离强度都优异。
与此相对,如表3所示可知,在使用不含(C)成分的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂的情况下(比较例1~3),常态T字剥离强度、电解液溶剂浸渍后的T字剥离强度都不充分。
产业可利用性
本发明的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂即使在电解液浸渍后也具有优异的粘合力,特别适合于铝箔与热熔接性树脂膜的接合用。此外,本发明的叠层体由于耐电解液性优异因此适合用于锂离子电池等二次电池的制作所使用的电池外包装用包装材料,通过将该叠层体成型,可以制造耐电解液性优异的电池外壳。而且,通过使用该电池外壳,能够制造寿命长的安全的二次电池。
Claims (15)
1.一种金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,含有:具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)、多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)、以及金属化合物(C),
所述金属化合物(C)为第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,所述具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)含有包含丙烯和烯属不饱和羧酸或其酸酐作为单体单元的改性聚烯烃树脂、或者包含丙烯和乙烯以及烯属不饱和羧酸或其酸酐作为单体单元的改性聚烯烃树脂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,所述具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)含有在130℃下测定的MFR为5g/10分钟~42g/10分钟的具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,所述多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)含有多异氰酸酯的多聚物。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,所述多异氰酸酯的多聚物含有多异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,多官能异氰酸酯化合物(B)中所含有的异氰酸酯基数相对于所述具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)中所含有的羧基数的比率为0.5~13。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,所述金属化合物(C)含有第7族和第12族中的至少1种金属的至少1种羧酸盐。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,所述金属化合物(C)含有锌或锰的羧酸盐。
9.根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂,其还含有溶剂(D)。
10.一种叠层体,是将金属箔与树脂膜经由粘合剂层进行叠层而得到的,所述粘合剂层是由权利要求1~9中任一项所述的金属箔与树脂膜叠层用粘合剂得到的。
11.根据权利要求10所述的叠层体,所述金属箔为铝箔,所述树脂膜包含热熔接性树脂膜。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的叠层体,所述金属箔的厚度为10~100μm,所述树脂膜的厚度为9~100μm。
13.一种电池外包装用包装材料,其是使用权利要求10~12中任一项所述的叠层体而得到的。
14.一种电池外壳,其是使用权利要求13中所述的电池外包装用包装材料而得到的。
15.一种电池外壳的制造方法,将权利要求13所述的电池外包装用包装材料进行深冲压成型或挤胀成型。
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