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CN108383475B - Baking-free brick made of aluminum ash and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Baking-free brick made of aluminum ash and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN108383475B
CN108383475B CN201810372488.9A CN201810372488A CN108383475B CN 108383475 B CN108383475 B CN 108383475B CN 201810372488 A CN201810372488 A CN 201810372488A CN 108383475 B CN108383475 B CN 108383475B
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parts
aluminum ash
baking
free
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CN108383475A (en
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宋键
贾延斌
徐学军
张国辉
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University of Jinan
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26Silicates of the alkali metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/14Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
    • C04B18/141Slags
    • C04B18/144Slags from the production of specific metals other than iron or of specific alloys, e.g. ferrochrome slags
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a baking-free brick, in particular to a baking-free brick made of aluminum ash and a preparation method thereof. The material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 80-95% of aluminum ash and 5-20% of additive, wherein the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of silicate, 15-30 parts of oxide, 3-5 parts of borate, 5-10 parts of sulfate, 3-5 parts of phosphate, 1-2 parts of halogen salt and 1-5 parts of lignosulfonate. In the invention, various oxides in the aluminum ash are subjected to bonding reaction to generate hardened frameworks such as mullite crystal structures, ettringite crystal structures and the like, C-S-H gel is generated among particles, the aluminum ash which is difficult to treat is treated to obtain the baking-free brick, and the treated aluminum ash shows stable physical and chemical properties and has the characteristics of baking-free property, steaming-free property, high strength, high softening coefficient and the like. The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite material, which adopts a calcination-free process, has low cost, protects the environment and does not produce secondary pollution.

Description

Baking-free brick made of aluminum ash and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a baking-free brick, in particular to a baking-free brick made of aluminum ash and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aluminum ash (also known as aluminum dross) is a waste product produced in the primary and secondary aluminum industries.
The aluminum ash is mainly generated in the process of producing aluminum by molten salt electrolysis of aluminum oxide, and a certain amount of aluminum slag is generated due to the carrying of operation and measuring instruments, anode replacement, aluminum discharge, ingot casting, overhaul of an electrolytic cell and the like. In recent years, the production capacity and the yield of aluminum in China are greatly increased, the quantity of aluminum ash generated every year is large, and the accumulation occupies land and pollutes the environment.
On the other hand, aluminum ash is a renewable resource, but has not been paid sufficient attention and is a factor of environmental destruction. Along with the development of economy, the accumulation amount of the scrap aluminum is greatly increased year by year, and if an economical, effective and environment-friendly method is not found for treatment, the serious threat to the environment is more and more highlighted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a baking-free brick made of aluminum ash, which is obtained by processing aluminum ash difficult to process and has the characteristics of baking-free, steam curing-free, high strength, high softening coefficient and the like; the invention also provides a preparation method of the composite material, which has low cost, protects the environment and does not produce secondary pollution.
The baking-free brick made of the aluminum ash comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 80-95% of aluminum ash and 5-20% of additive, wherein the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of silicate, 15-30 parts of oxide, 3-5 parts of borate, 5-10 parts of sulfate, 3-5 parts of phosphate, 1-2 parts of halogen salt and 1-5 parts of lignosulfonate.
The silicate is a component A, a component B and a component C, and the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 25-30: 50-60: 0-5, wherein: the component A is dicalcium silicate, the component B is tricalcium silicate, and the component C is at least one of sodium silicate or sodium metasilicate.
The oxide is calcium oxide;
the borate is selected from at least one of sodium borate or calcium borate;
the sulfate is selected from at least one of calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate or aluminum sulfate;
the phosphate is selected from at least one of sodium phosphate or sodium metaphosphate;
the halogen salt is at least one of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride or ferric chloride;
the lignosulfonate is at least one selected from sodium lignosulfonate and calcium lignosulfonate.
The aluminum ash is selected from waste aluminum ash produced by aluminum plants, the particle size of the aluminum ash is less than or equal to 30mm, the water content of the aluminum ash is required to be less than 1%, and continuous gradation is required. Continuous grading means that the gaps of coarse particles are just filled by medium particles, and the gaps of the medium particles are just filled by fine particles, so that the products form the closest packing state by gradual filling, the void ratio reaches the minimum value, and the packing density reaches the maximum value. Thus, the aim of improving the comprehensive performance of the product can be achieved. The continuous grading aluminum slag is selected to reduce the void ratio and the total surface area of the product, improve the strength, the durability and the workability, and is beneficial to the compaction forming process of a brick machine.
In the invention, the dicalcium silicate and tricalcium silicate in the silicate are subjected to hydration reaction to generate calcium silicate gel, so that particles and crystals in the system are firmly bonded, and the strength of the product is improved to a great extent. The sodium silicate reacts with sulfate, halide and the like to generate gel, and the gel is solidified with particles and mutually catalyzes with other components in a system to improve the strength of the product.
The mechanism of action of the borate in the present invention is very complicated, and plays a multifunctional role. Taking sodium borate as an example, the sodium borate is ionized and decomposed in a system to play a role in adjusting pH, and the molecular formula is as follows:
Na2B4O7+2H2O→2Na++2OH-+H2B4O7
the borate is doped into the system, so that calcium ions and alumina can be promoted to form ettringite, and the density and the strength of the product are improved.
The sulfate such as aluminum sulfate, iron sulfate, etc. in the present invention is hydrolyzed into a gelled substance (such as iron hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, etc.) by itself through a hydrolysis reaction, or reacts with a certain component of the aluminum ash and binds the particles of the aluminum ash. And the hydrolysate of aluminum sulfate and ferric sulfate has strong chelating performance, and the chelating effect generated by taking sulfur as a coordination atom plays a critical role in the stable solidification of heavy metals in aluminum ash.
The phosphate in the invention generates certain hydration reaction under the alkaline condition of the aluminum ash, and the phosphate generates various reactions with calcium ions and chloride ions to generate chlorine-based apatite, heavy metal hydroxyapatite and the like. The phosphate and other chemical components have a series of chemical reactions, so that the formation of a crystal structure is enhanced, and a certain effect on the stabilization of heavy metals is achieved.
The halide such as calcium chloride, ammonium chloride and the like adopted by the invention can change the surface potential of the aluminum ash particles and the micelle, and the calcium ions and the ammonium ions are combined with the aluminum ash particles or the micelle, thereby reducing the particle spacing, facilitating the agglomeration of the aluminum ash particles, improving the compactness and further improving the strength.
The lignosulfonate in the invention plays a role of a dispersant during preparation of products, and is easy for uniformly stirring raw materials. And can be used as a water reducing agent to reduce the mixing water consumption, so as to reduce the porosity of the product and improve the compactness of the product, thereby improving the strength of the product. The porosity of the product is reduced, the compactness of the product is improved, and simultaneously, the water absorption of the product and the damage effect of water on the product can be reduced, so that the softening coefficient of the product is improved.
The preparation method of the baking-free brick made of the aluminum ash comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the raw materials in proportion for later use;
(2) stirring: stirring by using a horizontal double-roller stirrer, sequentially adding aluminum ash and additives, stirring, then adding water, and stirring again;
(3) aging: feeding the mixture stirred in the step (2) into an aging bin;
(4) molding: feeding the mixture aged in the step (3) into a brick material pressing machine for pressing and forming, wherein the size of the formed brick material is determined by a mould;
(5) maintaining, stacking and packaging: and (4) naturally maintaining the bricks obtained in the step (4) in a water-proof and light-proof manner, stacking and packaging.
Wherein:
the water-material ratio after the water is added in the step (2) is 0.1-0.25.
The step (2) is as follows: stirring with a horizontal double-roller stirrer, sequentially adding aluminum ash and additives, stirring for 1-2min, adding water, and stirring for 2-5 min.
The aging time in the aging bin in the step (3) is 30min-5 h.
The curing time in the step (5) is 30min-6 h.
And (4) the molding pressure adopted in the compression molding in the step (4) is 9.5-10.5 MPa, and preferably 10 MPa. This data is the optimum molding pressure determined after multiple trials; under the forming pressure, the aluminum slag with continuous gradation can form a compact stacking state, has low porosity and certain initial strength, and can meet the strength requirement of stacking. The forming pressure can achieve the best economic effect on the premise of ensuring the performance of the brick.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention utilizes the aluminum ash, under the synergistic effect of the components of the additive, various oxides in the aluminum ash generate bonding reaction to generate hardened frameworks such as mullite crystal structure, ettringite crystal structure and the like, and C-S-H gel is generated among the granules.
(2) The invention also provides a preparation method thereof, which adopts a calcination-free process, has low cost, protects the environment and does not produce secondary pollution; the prepared baking-free brick has stable quality, and has the characteristics of baking-free, steam curing-free, high strength, high softening coefficient and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A baking-free brick prepared from aluminum ash comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
90 percent of aluminum ash
Additive 10%
The water-material ratio is 0.17;
the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of silicate, 20 parts of oxide, 4 parts of borate, 8 parts of sulfate, 4 parts of phosphate, 2 parts of halogen salt and 2 parts of lignosulfonate;
wherein: the silicate is a component A, a component B and a component C, and the weight ratio of the silicate to the component C is 25: 50: 1, wherein: the component A is dicalcium silicate, the component B is tricalcium silicate, and the component C is sodium silicate;
the oxide is calcium oxide;
the borate is a mixture of sodium borate and calcium borate in equal weight ratio;
the sulfate is selected from calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate and aluminum sulfate according to the weight ratio of 3: 1: 1;
the phosphate is selected from sodium phosphate and sodium metaphosphate in equal weight ratio;
the halogen salt is calcium chloride and ferric chloride with the weight ratio of 2: 1;
the lignosulfonate is calcium lignosulfonate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the raw materials in proportion for later use;
(2) stirring: stirring by using a horizontal double-roller stirrer, sequentially adding aluminum ash and an additive, stirring for 2min, then adding water, wherein the water-material ratio after the water is added is 0.17, and stirring for 5 min;
(3) aging: feeding the mixed material stirred in the step (2) into an aging bin for aging for 1 h;
(4) molding: feeding the aged mixture obtained in the step (3) into a brick material pressing machine for pressing and forming, wherein the forming pressure is 10 MPa;
(5) maintaining, stacking and packaging: and (4) naturally maintaining the bricks obtained in the step (4) for 5 hours in a water-proof and light-proof manner, stacking and packaging.
Example 2
A baking-free brick prepared from aluminum ash comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
85 percent of aluminum ash
Additive 15%
The water-material ratio is 0.14;
the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of silicate, 25 parts of oxide, 3 parts of borate, 10 parts of sulfate, 3 parts of phosphate, 1 part of halogen salt and 3 parts of lignosulfonate;
wherein: the silicate is a component A, a component B and a component C, and the weight ratio of the silicate to the component C is 30: 60: 4, wherein: the component A is dicalcium silicate, the component B is tricalcium silicate, and the component C is sodium silicate;
the oxide is calcium oxide;
the borate is a mixture of sodium borate and calcium borate in equal weight ratio;
the sulfate is selected from calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate and aluminum sulfate according to the weight ratio of 2: 2: 1;
the phosphate is selected from sodium phosphate and sodium metaphosphate according to the weight ratio of 1: 2;
the halogen salt is calcium chloride;
the lignosulfonate is calcium lignosulfonate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the raw materials in proportion for later use;
(2) stirring: stirring by using a horizontal double-roller stirrer, sequentially adding aluminum ash and an additive, stirring for 2min, then adding water, wherein the water-material ratio after the water is added is 0.14, and stirring for 5 min;
(3) aging: feeding the mixed material stirred in the step (2) into an aging bin for aging for 2 min;
(4) molding: feeding the aged mixture obtained in the step (3) into a brick material pressing machine for pressing and forming, wherein the forming pressure is 10.5 MPa;
(5) maintaining, stacking and packaging: and (4) naturally maintaining the bricks obtained in the step (4) for 6 hours in a water-proof and light-proof manner, stacking and packaging.
Using the standard dimensions (240 mm. times.115 mm. times.53 mm) of the baking-free bricks prepared in examples 1 and 2 as an example, the performance test was carried out, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001638912540000051

Claims (8)

1. A baking-free brick made of aluminum ash is characterized in that: the material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 80-95% of aluminum ash and 5-20% of additive, wherein the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of silicate, 15-30 parts of oxide, 3-5 parts of borate, 5-10 parts of sulfate, 3-5 parts of phosphate, 1-2 parts of halogen salt and 1-5 parts of lignosulfonate;
the silicate is a component A, a component B and a component C, and the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 25-30: 50-60: 0-5, wherein: the component A is dicalcium silicate, the component B is tricalcium silicate, and the component C is at least one of sodium silicate or sodium metasilicate;
the oxide is calcium oxide;
the borate is selected from at least one of sodium borate or calcium borate;
the sulfate is selected from at least one of calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate or aluminum sulfate;
the phosphate is selected from at least one of sodium phosphate or sodium metaphosphate;
the halogen salt is at least one of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride or ferric chloride;
the lignosulfonate is at least one selected from sodium lignosulfonate and calcium lignosulfonate.
2. The baking-free brick made of aluminum ash according to claim 1, wherein: the grain size of the aluminum ash is less than or equal to 30mm, the water content is required to be less than 1 percent, and continuous gradation is required.
3. A method for preparing a baking-free brick made of aluminum ash according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the raw materials in proportion for later use;
(2) stirring: stirring by using a horizontal double-roller stirrer, sequentially adding aluminum ash and additives, stirring, then adding water, and stirring again;
(3) aging: feeding the mixture stirred in the step (2) into an aging bin;
(4) molding: feeding the mixture aged in the step (3) into a brick material pressing machine for pressing and forming, wherein the size of the formed brick material is determined by a mould;
(5) maintaining, stacking and packaging: and (4) naturally maintaining the bricks obtained in the step (4) in a water-proof and light-proof manner, stacking and packaging.
4. The method for preparing baking-free bricks made of aluminum ash according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water-material ratio after the water is added in the step (2) is 0.1-0.25.
5. The method for preparing baking-free bricks made of aluminum ash according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (2) is as follows: stirring with a horizontal double-roller stirrer, sequentially adding aluminum ash and additives, stirring for 1-2min, adding water, and stirring for 2-5 min.
6. The method for preparing baking-free bricks made of aluminum ash according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) the molding pressure adopted in the compression molding in the step (4) is 9.5-10.5 MPa.
7. The method for preparing baking-free bricks made of aluminum ash according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aging time in the aging bin in the step (3) is 30min-5 h.
8. The method for preparing baking-free bricks made of aluminum ash according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the curing time in the step (5) is 30min-6 h.
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CN111019662B (en) * 2019-12-20 2022-05-24 华南理工大学 Soil water-retaining agent produced by using aluminum ash and preparation method thereof
CN114409365A (en) * 2022-02-25 2022-04-29 江苏东台超凡创新新材料科技有限公司 Baking-free brick prepared from aluminum ash and preparation method thereof

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CN106478020A (en) * 2016-10-10 2017-03-08 浙江师范大学 A kind of use waste aluminium lime-ash prepares non-burning brick method
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