CN108365509B - Optical fiber laser with wavelength scanning function - Google Patents
Optical fiber laser with wavelength scanning function Download PDFInfo
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- CN108365509B CN108365509B CN201810213778.9A CN201810213778A CN108365509B CN 108365509 B CN108365509 B CN 108365509B CN 201810213778 A CN201810213778 A CN 201810213778A CN 108365509 B CN108365509 B CN 108365509B
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 71
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012014 optical coherence tomography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/10—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a wavelength scanning fiber laser, which comprises a resonant cavity, a fiber collimator, a narrow line width fast scanning fiber filter and a reflector, wherein the resonant cavity consists of a semiconductor optical amplifier, a fiber circulator and a coupler, the fiber filter consists of a plane reflection grating and the resonator, fluorescence emitted by the semiconductor optical amplifier irradiates the plane reflection grating through the fiber circulator, the fiber collimator and the resonator, incident light with different wavelengths is diffracted to different directions after passing through the plane reflection grating, one wavelength is vertically incident on the reflector under a certain incident angle of the resonator and returns in the original path, and is coupled into the semiconductor optical amplifier to form laser through resonance amplification, and the laser is output through the coupler. The invention generates the laser light source with very narrow line width at each moment, and the wavelength changes periodically or scans along with time, so that the signal to noise ratio is greatly improved, the resolution of the spectrum is greatly improved, and the scanning speed can be more up to tens of thousands of times per second.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser light sources, in particular to a wavelength-scanned fiber laser.
Background
When the optical fiber laser passes through the beam splitter, the optical fiber laser is divided into two paths, one path is used as reference light, and the other path is used for focusing and irradiating the organic tissue through the lens imaging system, the organic tissue scatters the incident light, when the scattered light interferes with the reference light, the intensity of an interference signal depends on the scattering intensity of the organic tissue, the phase of the interference signal depends on the scattering depth and the light source wavelength, and the interference signal is very weak. Thus, for interference of scattered light with reference light at a certain depth, the phase of the interference signal is dependent only on the wavelength of the light, with an additional phase shift for interference of scattered light at different depths.
When the wavelength of light is scanned at a fixed frequency and a high speed, all interference signals from different depths are periodically changed at the same frequency along with the wavelength of light, so that the alternating current signal can be amplified by tens of thousands times, and the scattering of light by different tissues can be effectively detected, thereby realizing the real-time noninvasive imaging of organic tissues. Therefore, a key technology of the imaging is a fiber laser light source with a fast scanning wavelength. In particular, the imaging depth depends on scattering loss of light by the organic tissue, the depth range depends on the coherence length of the fiber laser, and the depth resolution depends on the range of wavelength scanning.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of cost reduction and wavelength scanning by using the existing optical fiber communication components.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical proposal that the invention provides a wavelength scanning optical fiber laser which comprises a resonant cavity, an optical fiber collimating mirror, an optical fiber filter with narrow linewidth and rapid scanning and a reflecting mirror, wherein the resonant cavity consists of a semiconductor optical amplifier SOA, an optical fiber circulator and a coupler, the optical fiber filter consists of a plane reflection grating and the resonant mirror,
The fluorescence emitted by the semiconductor optical amplifier SOA irradiates the plane reflection grating through the optical fiber circulator, the optical fiber collimating mirror and the resonance mirror, incident light with different wavelengths is diffracted to different directions after passing through the plane reflection grating, one wavelength is vertically incident on the reflection mirror under a certain incident angle of the resonance mirror and returns in the original path, and is coupled into the semiconductor optical amplifier SOA, laser is formed by resonance amplification, and the laser is output through the coupler.
Preferably, the instantaneous linewidth of the fiber laser depends on the linewidth of the fiber filter composed of the planar reflection grating and the resonant mirror.
Preferably, the diffraction grating equation of the planar reflection grating is:
Λ[sin(θ)+sin(β)]＝mλ；
wherein θ and β are the light incidence angle and diffraction angle, respectively, Λ is the grating period, m is the diffraction order, and λ is the wavelength of the incident light in vacuum;
When light passes back along the original path through the planar reflective grating again, the grating dispersion can be expressed as:
Preferably, according to a gaussian beam, the linewidth of the optical fiber filter composed of the planar reflection grating and the resonant mirror is expressed as:
wherein W is the width of the light beam, W/cos theta is the width of the light beam irradiated on the plane reflection grating, and N is the number of diffraction fringes of the grating irradiated by the light beam;
when the resonant mirror rotates by an angle delta phi, the incident angle of the light beam on the plane reflection grating changes to 2 delta phi, the wavelength change corresponding to the maximum rotation angle delta phi 0 of the resonant mirror is the wavelength scanning range delta lambda, and according to the diffraction grating equation of the plane reflection grating, the wavelength scanning range delta lambda can be expressed as:
Δλ≈2Δφ(t)Λcos(θ0)。
preferably, the period of the light cycle is much less than the time the fiber filter takes to turn through the linewidth δλ Grating .
Preferably, in order to achieve wavelength mode locking, the length of the optical fiber delay line inserted in the optical path is:
Wherein f is the frequency of the optical fiber filter, and n is the refractive index of the optical fiber.
Preferably, the wavelength linewidth of the output of the fiber laser is δλ, which is smaller than the linewidth δλ Grating of the fiber filter, and depending on the resonance loss of the resonant cavity, the coherence length of the fiber laser is expressed as:
Preferably, the optical fiber collimating mirror and the optical fiber forming the resonant cavity are polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fibers or non-polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fibers, and when the optical fiber forming the resonant cavity is the non-polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fibers, the polarization orientation of the control light is adjusted by adding the optical fiber controller.
Preferably, a dispersion compensation device is arranged between the plane reflection grating and the resonant mirror.
Preferably, the output couples out the appropriate light as feedback and the resonant frequency of the resonant mirror is controlled to maintain synchronous resonance.
The invention provides a wavelength scanning optical fiber laser, which generates a laser light source with very narrow line width at each moment, and periodically changes or scans the wavelength along with time, so that complex spectrum measurement is changed into simple time resolution spectrum measurement, the signal to noise ratio is greatly improved, the spectrum resolution is greatly improved, the scanning speed can be more up to tens of thousands times per second, and the wavelength scanning optical fiber laser can be used for Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging and fundus retina structure and vascularity diagnosis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wavelength-scanned fiber laser according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wavelength-scanning mode-locked fiber laser according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the output spectrum of a wavelength scanned fiber laser according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to reduce the cost, the invention provides a wavelength scanning optical fiber laser which generates a laser light source with very narrow line width at each moment and periodically changes or scans the wavelength along with time, so that complex spectral measurement is changed into simple time-resolved spectral measurement, and the device can be used for Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging and fundus retina structure and vascularity diagnosis.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The embodiment of the invention provides a wavelength-scanning optical fiber laser, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a resonant cavity, an optical fiber collimating mirror 10, a narrow linewidth fast scanning optical fiber filter and a reflecting mirror 20, wherein the resonant cavity consists of a semiconductor optical amplifier SOA30, an optical fiber circulator 40 and a coupler 50, the optical fiber filter consists of a plane reflection grating 60 and a resonant mirror 70,
The fluorescence emitted by the semiconductor optical amplifier SOA30 irradiates the plane reflection grating 60 through the optical fiber circulator 40, the optical fiber collimator lens 10 and the resonance lens 70, the incident light with different wavelengths is diffracted into different directions after passing through the plane reflection grating 60, one wavelength is vertically incident on the reflection lens 20 under a certain incident angle of the resonance lens 70 and returns in the original path, and is coupled into the semiconductor optical amplifier SOA30, and laser is formed by resonance amplification and is output through the coupler 50.
The resonant mirror 70 may be a high-speed resonant mirror or a linearly driven non-resonant mirror to achieve wavelength scanning.
The coupling ratio of the coupler 50 is variable, and the linewidth and power of the laser output can be optimized.
The optical fiber circulator 40 has a isolator function such that light can pass through the semiconductor optical amplifier SOA30 in only one direction to be resonantly amplified to form laser light, which is then output from the coupler 50. The optical fiber laser source with the wavelength scanning generates a laser source with a very narrow linewidth at each moment, and the wavelength changes or scans periodically along with time, so that the complex spectrum measurement is changed into the simple time-resolved spectrum measurement.
The instantaneous linewidth of the fiber laser is primarily dependent on the linewidth of the fiber filter composed of the planar reflective grating 60 and the resonant mirror 70.
The diffraction grating equation for the planar reflection grating 60 is:
Λ[sin(θ)+sin(β)]＝mλ；
wherein θ and β are the light incidence angle and diffraction angle, respectively, Λ is the grating period, m is the diffraction order, and λ is the wavelength of the incident light in vacuum;
when light returns along the original path through planar reflective grating 60 again, the grating dispersion can be expressed as:
considering a gaussian beam, the linewidth of the fiber filter composed of the planar reflection grating 60 and the resonance mirror 70 is expressed as:
Wherein W is the beam width, W/cos θ is the width of the beam irradiated on the plane reflection grating 60, N is the number of grating diffraction fringes irradiated by the beam, and more grating diffraction fringes can be irradiated by using a wider beam, so that the line width of the optical fiber filter is narrower, and in addition, the line width of the optical fiber filter can be also narrower by using the plane reflection grating 60 with high fringe density.
When the resonant mirror 70 rotates by ΔΦ, the incident angle of the light beam on the plane reflection grating 60 changes to 2ΔΦ, and the wavelength change corresponding to the maximum rotation angle ΔΦ 0 of the resonant mirror 70 is the wavelength scanning range Δλ, which can be expressed as:
Δλ≈2Δφ(t)Λcos(θ0)。
Here we use the small variable approximation sinx x (x < 1). The wavelength change corresponding to the maximum rotation angle ΔΦ 0 of the resonant mirror 70 is the wavelength scanning range Δλ, or the Free Spectral Range (FSR). In order for light of a certain wavelength to oscillate within the cavity a sufficient number of times to achieve amplification, the length of the cavity must be as short as possible, and the light cycle time should be much less than the time for the fiber filter to turn through the linewidth δλ Grating .
As shown in fig. 2, in order to make the light with each wavelength pass through the optical fiber filter to realize resonance amplification, a section of optical fiber delay line may be inserted in the optical path, and the wavelength just passing through the optical fiber filter passes through the optical fiber filter again at the same time of the next period, so that the optical fiber filter and the light resonate synchronously in the resonant cavity, i.e. the wavelength is locked, or the wavelength is mode-locked.
In order to achieve wavelength mode locking, the length of the optical fiber delay line inserted in the optical path is as follows:
where f is the frequency of the fiber filter and n is the refractive index of the fiber. When f=8 kHz, n=1.47, and the length L of the optical fiber delay line=1.275 km. When the optical fiber delay line is inserted in the optical path of the optical fiber collimator lens 10, its length is half of the length inserted in the resonant cavity.
The wavelength linewidth of the output of the fiber laser is δλ, which is smaller than the linewidth δλ Grating of the fiber filter, and the coherence length of the fiber laser is expressed as:
The optical fiber collimator 10 and the optical fiber forming the resonant cavity are polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fiber or non-polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fiber, and when the optical fiber forming the resonant cavity is non-polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fiber, an optical fiber controller needs to be added to adjust and control the polarization orientation of light.
In order to allow a broad-band wavelength to pass through the fiber filter consisting of the resonator mirror 70 and the planar reflection grating 60 simultaneously a plurality of times, a corresponding dispersion compensation element is arranged between the planar reflection grating 60 and the resonator mirror 70.
The output couples out the appropriate light (10% of the light in this embodiment) as feedback and the resonant frequency of the resonant mirror 70 is controlled to maintain synchronous resonance, thereby achieving a stable optical power output. After the resonance frequency of the resonance mirror 70 is stabilized, the optical power is further maintained stable by adjusting the driving current of the semiconductor optical amplifier SOA 30. By setting the drive current limit of the semiconductor optical amplifier SOA30, it is ensured that the adjustment of the drive current does not exceed the normal operating range of the semiconductor optical amplifier SOA 30.
As shown in fig. 3, the output spectrum of the fiber laser with fast wavelength scanning is shown, and at each moment, the fiber laser with wavelength scanning outputs a laser light source with a very narrow line width. Since the wavelength is scanned, the laser source is equivalent to a broadband source on time average, and the power and spectral bandwidth are far wider than those of the same broadband source according to the characteristics of laser resonance.
For example, a semiconductor laser super-fluorescent light source with a 1310 nm band has a spectral width of about 70nm, and a scanning light source with the band can obtain 150 nm. For a typical 5 milliwatt broadband light source, the power is distributed over a 70 nanometer wavelength bandwidth. However, scanning the light source can easily achieve 40-50 milliwatts with a light power distribution in the wavelength range of 0.1 nanometers or less. The optical power of the unit optical wavelength is 1000-10000 times of that of the common broadband light source. Therefore, the optical fiber laser light source with the wavelength scanning can be applied to optical tomography (OCT) imaging, and can also be applied to optical sensing, so that the signal to noise ratio is greatly improved.
When the measurement of optical power is synchronized with the wavelength scanning, the power versus time curve, i.e., the spectrum, the light source is equivalent to a spectrometer. The resolution of the spectrum can be far superior to a bulky and expensive spectrometer, and the scanning speed can be as high as tens of thousands of times per second or higher. This is not achievable with conventional spectrometers.
The invention is not limited to the above-mentioned best mode, any structural change made by anyone under the teaching of the invention, and all technical schemes which are the same as or similar to the invention fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The wavelength scanning optical fiber laser is characterized by comprising a resonant cavity, an optical fiber collimating mirror, an optical fiber filter for fast scanning with narrow linewidth and a reflecting mirror, wherein the resonant cavity consists of a semiconductor optical amplifier SOA, an optical fiber circulator and a coupler, the optical fiber filter consists of a plane reflection grating and the resonant mirror,
The fluorescence emitted by the semiconductor optical amplifier SOA irradiates the plane reflection grating through the optical fiber circulator, the optical fiber collimating mirror and the resonance mirror, incident light with different wavelengths is diffracted to different directions after passing through the plane reflection grating, one wavelength is vertically incident on the reflection mirror under a certain incident angle of the resonance mirror and returns in the original path, and is coupled into the semiconductor optical amplifier SOA, laser is formed by resonance amplification, and the laser is output through the coupler;
The instantaneous linewidth of the fiber laser depends on the linewidth of the fiber filter consisting of the planar reflection grating and the resonant mirror;
The diffraction grating equation of the plane reflection grating is as follows:
Λ[sin(θ)+sin(β)]＝mλ
wherein θ and β are the light incidence angle and diffraction angle, respectively, Λ is the grating period, m is the diffraction order, and λ is the wavelength of the incident light in vacuum;
When light passes back along the original path through the planar reflective grating again, the grating dispersion can be expressed as:
The linewidth of the fiber filter consisting of the planar reflection grating and the resonant mirror is expressed as:
wherein W is the width of the light beam, W/cos theta is the width of the light beam irradiated on the plane reflection grating, and N is the number of diffraction fringes of the grating irradiated by the light beam;
When the resonant mirror rotates At an angle, the incident angle of the light beam on the plane reflection grating is changed toThe wavelength change corresponding to the maximum rotation angle delta phi 0 of the resonant mirror is the wavelength scanning range delta lambda, and according to the diffraction grating equation of the plane reflection grating, the wavelength scanning range delta lambda can be expressed as:
Δλ≈2Δφ(t)Λcos(θ0)；
The cycle period of the light is much less than the time for the fiber filter to turn through the linewidth δλ Grating ;
in order to achieve wavelength mode locking, the length of the optical fiber delay line inserted in the optical path is as follows:
wherein f is the frequency of the optical fiber filter, and n is the refractive index of the optical fiber;
The wavelength linewidth of the output of the fiber laser is δλ, which is smaller than the linewidth δλ Grating of the fiber filter, and depending on the resonance loss of the resonant cavity, the coherence length of the fiber laser is expressed as:
The optical fiber collimating mirror and the optical fiber forming the resonant cavity are polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fibers or non-polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fibers, and when the optical fiber forming the resonant cavity is the non-polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fibers, the polarization orientation of the control light is adjusted by adding the optical fiber controller.
2. A wavelength scanned fiber laser as claimed in claim 1 wherein a dispersion compensation device is provided between the planar reflective grating and the resonant mirror.
3. A wavelength scanned fiber laser as claimed in claim 1 wherein the output is coupled out of the appropriate light as feedback and the resonant frequency of said resonant mirror is controlled to maintain synchronous resonance.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008191369A (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-21 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Filter system the high-speed wavelength-swept light source |
| CN102969651A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-03-13 | 上海理工大学 | Rapid K-space linear frequency sweep laser source |
| CN208045930U (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-11-02 | 执鼎医疗科技（杭州）有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber laser of length scanning |
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| JP2005347668A (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2005-12-15 | Sun Tec Kk | Wavelength scanning type fiber laser optical source |
| JP4742271B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2011-08-10 | 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 | Measurement system with optical wavelength detection type physical quantity sensor using ring resonator and Bragg grating |
| CN103247935B (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2015-08-19 | 王枫秋 | Optical anisotropy saturable absorption device, preparation method and the pulse laser based on this device |
| CN104697634B (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2017-03-15 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of very high resolution spectral measurement device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2008191369A (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-21 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Filter system the high-speed wavelength-swept light source |
| CN102969651A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-03-13 | 上海理工大学 | Rapid K-space linear frequency sweep laser source |
| CN208045930U (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-11-02 | 执鼎医疗科技（杭州）有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber laser of length scanning |
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