CN108128118B - Electric automobile thermal control system - Google Patents
Electric automobile thermal control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108128118B CN108128118B CN201711418635.3A CN201711418635A CN108128118B CN 108128118 B CN108128118 B CN 108128118B CN 201711418635 A CN201711418635 A CN 201711418635A CN 108128118 B CN108128118 B CN 108128118B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a thermal control system of an electric automobile, which comprises: a heat pump air conditioning unit and a battery cooling and heating unit; the heat pump air conditioning unit is connected with the battery cooling and heating unit through a first heat exchanger outside the vehicle and a battery cooler; the heat pump air conditioning unit includes: the system comprises a compressor, a first two-way valve, a first heat exchanger in a vehicle, a first expansion valve, a first heat exchanger outside the vehicle, a second two-way valve, a second expansion valve, a second heat exchanger in the vehicle, a liquid storage dryer and an air heater arranged in an air conditioning box assembly; the battery cooling and heating unit includes: the system comprises a third expansion valve, a battery cooler, a third two-way valve, a motor controller, a power battery, a liquid heater and a water pump. The system can improve the heat supply capacity of the heat pump air conditioning unit in a low-temperature external environment, and can ensure the suitability of the working environment of the battery cooling and heating unit, thereby improving the reliability and the high efficiency of the whole vehicle heat control system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a thermal control system of an electric automobile.
Background
The green and environment-friendly electric automobile has become an important development direction of the automobile industry. Automotive air conditioning systems require a thermally comfortable in-vehicle environment for the driver and require both cooling and heating. Since the electric vehicle is not provided with an engine, waste heat of the engine cannot be used as a heat source during winter heating, and thus, the problem of winter heating is a focus. The power battery is a power source of an electric automobile, and a cooling and heating system is required to be configured according to the working principle of the battery so that the battery can work in a proper temperature range to ensure the charge and discharge efficiency and the safety.
At present, an electric heating mode of a gas or liquid heater is mainly used in winter of an air conditioning system of an electric automobile, the power consumption is larger when the system is operated in a heating mode, and the COP (coefficient of performance) of the system is smaller than 1, so that the operability and the endurance mileage of the electric automobile are seriously affected.
In addition, the heat generated by the motor, the motor controller and the power battery of the automobile in the working process is not well utilized, and the utilization rate of the whole automobile energy is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electric automobile thermal control system which can improve the heat supply capacity of a heat pump air conditioning unit when the outside environment temperature is low (called a low-temperature outside air environment for short, hereinafter the same) and ensure the suitability of the working environment of a battery cooling and heating unit, thereby improving the reliability and the efficiency of the whole automobile thermal control system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a thermal control system for an electric vehicle, the system comprising: a heat pump air conditioning unit and a battery cooling and heating unit; the heat pump air conditioning unit is connected with the battery cooling and heating unit through a first heat exchanger outside the vehicle and a battery cooler; the heat pump air conditioning unit includes: the system comprises a compressor, a first two-way valve, a first heat exchanger in a vehicle, a first expansion valve, a first heat exchanger outside the vehicle, a second two-way valve, a second expansion valve, a second heat exchanger in the vehicle, a liquid storage dryer and an air heater arranged in an air conditioning box assembly; the compressor is connected to a first two-way valve, the first two-way valve is connected with the first heat exchanger in the vehicle and the first expansion valve in parallel, the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle is respectively connected with the first two-way valve and the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle, the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle is connected to a second two-way valve, the second two-way valve is connected with the second heat exchanger in the vehicle and the second expansion valve in parallel, and the liquid storage dryer is respectively connected with the second two-way valve and the compressor; the battery cooling and heating unit includes: the system comprises a third expansion valve, a battery cooler, a third two-way valve, a motor controller, a power battery, a liquid heater and a water pump; the third expansion valve and the battery cooler are connected with the second two-way valve in parallel, the battery connector is connected to the third two-way valve, the motor and the motor controller which are connected in parallel, the power battery is respectively connected to the third two-way valve and the liquid heater, and the water pump is respectively connected to the liquid heater and the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle.
In an embodiment of the invention, the first heat exchanger in the vehicle and the second heat exchanger in the vehicle are both parallel flow type; the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle is of serial type or parallel flow type; the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the battery cooler are provided with two fluid channels of a refrigerant flow channel and a cooling liquid flow channel, the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the battery cooler are connected with a heat pump air conditioning unit through the refrigerant flow channel, and the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the battery cooler are connected with a battery cooling and heating unit through the cooling liquid flow channel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a first fan is disposed outside the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle, a second fan is disposed outside the second heat exchanger inside the vehicle, and the first fan and the second fan are both used for enhancing heat dissipation of the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the second heat exchanger inside the vehicle, so as to prevent the heat pump air conditioning unit from being affected by excessive temperature.
In an embodiment of the invention, a first temperature sensor is arranged at the air inlet of the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle, and the first temperature sensor is used for monitoring the air inlet temperature of the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle in real time so as to determine whether the battery cooling and heating unit needs to be switched to a circulation mode or not when the heat pump air conditioning unit operates and works under the working condition, so that the redundant heat of the motor, the motor controller and the power battery is utilized.
In one embodiment of the invention, a second temperature sensor is provided within the battery cooler for monitoring the temperature within the battery cooler in real time.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the third expansion valve is an expansion valve having a full-open and full-close adjusting function.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first expansion valve, the second expansion valve, the third expansion valve, the first two-way valve, the second two-way valve, the third two-way valve, the first fan, the second fan, the liquid heater and the air heater are all connected with the CAN bus to realize linkage control.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the heat pump air conditioning unit has three modes of operation, including: a cooling mode, a heating mode, and a dehumidifying mode;
when the heat pump air conditioning unit is in a refrigeration mode, the refrigerant is discharged by the compressor, passes through the first two-way valve, enters the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle, exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger inside the vehicle after being throttled by the second expansion valve, and finally circulates to the compressor through the liquid storage dryer;
when the heat pump air conditioning unit is in a heating mode, after being discharged by the compressor, the refrigerant passes through the first heat exchanger in the vehicle and exchanges heat, enters the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle after being throttled by the first expansion valve, exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle, and finally returns to the compressor after passing through the second two-way valve and the liquid storage dryer in sequence;
when the heat pump air conditioning unit is in a dehumidification mode, after being discharged by the compressor, the refrigerant firstly passes through the first heat exchanger in the vehicle, then passes through the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle, then exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle, and after being throttled by the second expansion valve, exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger inside the vehicle, and finally circulates to the compressor through the liquid storage dryer.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery cooling and heating unit has four operation modes, including: a circulation mode, a cooling mode, a preheating mode, and a heating mode;
when the battery cooling and heating unit is in a circulating mode, cooling liquid flows through the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle after being discharged by the water pump, then sequentially passes through the battery cooler, the motor controller and the power battery to be standby, and finally flows back to the water pump through the liquid heater to be standby;
when the battery cooling and heating unit is in a cooling mode, cooling liquid flows through the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle after being discharged by the water pump, then exchanges heat at the battery cooler, sequentially passes through the motor, the motor controller and the power battery, and finally flows back to the water pump through the liquid heater in standby mode; meanwhile, in the heat pump air conditioning unit, after being compressed and discharged by the compressor, the refrigerant passes through the first two-way valve, enters the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle, exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle, exchanges heat at the battery cooler after being throttled by the third expansion valve, and finally circulates to the compressor through the liquid storage dryer;
when the battery cooling and heating unit is in a preheating mode, cooling liquid flows through the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle after being discharged by the water pump, then sequentially passes through the battery cooler, the third two-way valve and the power battery to be standby, and finally returns to the water pump after heat exchange is performed at the liquid heater;
when the battery cooling and heating unit is in a heating mode, cooling liquid flows through the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle after being discharged by the water pump, then sequentially passes through the battery cooler, the motor controller and the power battery to be standby, and finally returns to the water pump after heat exchange is performed at the liquid heater.
The electric automobile heat control system has the advantages that the heat supply capacity of the heat pump air conditioning unit in a low-temperature external environment is improved through the combined arrangement of the heat pump air conditioning unit and the battery cooling and heating unit, and meanwhile, the working environment of the battery cooling and heating unit is ensured to be suitable, so that the reliability and the high efficiency of the whole automobile heat control system are improved. In addition, the system disclosed by the invention is improved aiming at the existing heat pump type automobile air conditioning system, and the heat supply capacity and efficiency of the system in a low-temperature outside environment are effectively improved. In addition, the system combines the heat pump air conditioning unit and the battery cooling and heating unit, so that the driving thermal comfort is improved, and the safe and efficient operation of the power battery is ensured. In addition, the system realizes linkage control of the system by connecting the compressor, the two-way valve, the expansion valve, the fan, the liquid heater, the air heater and the air conditioner box controller with the CAN bus, thereby improving the level of the whole vehicle thermal control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal control system for an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioning unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioning unit in the electric vehicle thermal control system according to the present invention in a cooling mode;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a heat pump air conditioning unit in the electric vehicle thermal control system according to the present invention in a heating mode;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioning unit in the electric vehicle thermal control system according to the present invention in a dehumidification mode;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the battery cooling and heating unit in the electric vehicle thermal control system according to the present invention in a circulation mode;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the battery cooling and heating unit in the electric vehicle thermal control system according to the present invention in a cooling mode;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the battery cooling and heating unit in the electric vehicle thermal control system according to the present invention in a pre-heating mode;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a battery cooling and heating unit in a heating mode in the electric vehicle thermal control system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the electric vehicle thermal control system of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following detailed description is merely intended to aid those skilled in the art in understanding the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a thermal control system for an electric vehicle, the system comprising: a heat pump air conditioning unit (not shown) and a battery cooling and heating unit (not shown). The heat pump air conditioning unit is connected with the battery cooling and heating unit through the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle and the battery cooler 20; the heat pump air conditioning unit includes: the air conditioner comprises a compressor 1, a first two-way valve 2, a first heat exchanger 3 in a vehicle, a first expansion valve 4, a first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle, a second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle, a second two-way valve 8, a second expansion valve 9, a second heat exchanger 10 in the vehicle, a liquid storage dryer 12 and an air heater arranged in an air conditioner box assembly; wherein the compressor 1 is connected to a first two-way valve 2, the first two-way valve 2 is connected in parallel with the first heat exchanger 3 and the first expansion valve 4 in the vehicle, the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle is respectively connected with the first two-way valve 2 and the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle, the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle is connected to a second two-way valve 8, the second two-way valve 8 is connected in parallel with the second heat exchanger 10 and the second expansion valve 9 in the vehicle, and the liquid storage dryer 12 is respectively connected with the second two-way valve 8 and the compressor 1; the battery cooling and heating unit includes: a third expansion valve 21, a battery cooler 20, a third two-way valve 18, a motor and motor controller 19, a power battery 17, a liquid heater 16 and a water pump 15; wherein the third expansion valve 21 and the battery cooler 20 are connected in parallel with the second two-way valve 8, the battery connector is connected to the third two-way valve 18 and the motor and motor controller 19 which are connected in parallel, the power battery 17 is connected to the third two-way valve 18 and the liquid heater 16, respectively, and the water pump 15 is connected to the liquid heater 16 and the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle, respectively.
Specifically, the heat pump air conditioning unit is also connected to the battery cooler 20. The battery cooling and heating unit is also connected to the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle. In this embodiment, the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle and the battery cooler 20 have two fluid channels of a refrigerant flow channel and a cooling liquid flow channel, the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle and the battery cooler 20 are circularly connected with a heat pump air conditioning unit through the refrigerant flow channel, and the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle and the battery cooler 20 are circularly connected with a battery cooling and heating unit through the cooling liquid flow channel.
In the heat pump air conditioning unit, the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle can obtain the excess heat at the motor and motor controller 19 and the power battery 17 in the battery cooling and heating unit, thereby improving the thermodynamic cycle of the system and improving the performance of the heat pump air conditioning unit. In the battery cooling and heating unit, a liquid heater 16 is arranged in a pipeline between the power battery 17 and the water pump 15, and the liquid heater 16 is used for ensuring the normal operation of the motor and the motor controller 19 and the power battery 17 when the temperature of cooling liquid is low.
The first heat exchanger 3 in the vehicle and the second heat exchanger 10 in the vehicle are both parallel flow type. The second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle is of serial sheet type or parallel flow type. In the embodiment of the invention, the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle is of a serial type, so that stable and efficient heat exchange can be ensured under the low-temperature external air environment.
A first fan 7 is arranged on the outer side of the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle, and a second fan 11 is arranged on the outer side of the second heat exchanger 10 inside the vehicle. The first fan 7 and the second fan 11 are both used for enhancing heat dissipation of the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle and the second heat exchanger 10 inside the vehicle so as to prevent the heat pump air conditioning unit from being influenced by excessive temperature.
The air inlet of the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle is provided with a first temperature sensor, and the first temperature sensor is used for monitoring the air inlet temperature of the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle in real time so as to determine whether the battery cooling and heating unit needs to be switched to a circulating preheating mode when the heat pump air conditioning unit operates and the working condition operates, so that the redundant heat of the motor, the motor controller 19 and the power battery 17 is utilized.
A second temperature sensor is provided in the battery cooler 20 for monitoring the temperature in the battery cooler 20 in real time. The control of the temperature is achieved by switching the cyclic operation mode of the battery cooling and heating unit.
In the present embodiment, the third expansion valve 21 is an expansion valve having a full-open and full-close adjusting function. In this way, the battery cooling and heating unit can be switched from its operation mode to its cooling mode rapidly, and the motor and motor controller 19 and the power battery 17 can be cooled.
In addition, the first expansion valve 4, the second expansion valve 9, the third expansion valve 21, the first two-way valve 2, the second two-way valve 8, the third two-way valve 18, the first fan 7, the second fan 11, the liquid heater 16 and the air heater 14 are all connected with a CAN (controller area network) bus to realize linkage control, so that the whole electric automobile heat control system CAN be ensured to operate efficiently and reliably, and the heat control level of the whole electric automobile is improved.
In addition, a temperature air door 13 is arranged beside the first heat exchanger 3 in the vehicle, and whether the air of the second heat exchanger in the vehicle flows through the first heat exchanger in the vehicle or not and the air quantity of the air can be adjusted through the rotation of the position of the air door.
In this embodiment, the heat pump air conditioning unit has three operation modes according to different outside air temperatures, including: a cooling mode, a heating mode and a dehumidifying mode.
See fig. 3, wherein the flow direction of the refrigerant and the cooling liquid is shown by arrows in fig. 3.
When the heat pump air conditioning unit is in a cooling mode, the refrigerant is discharged from the compressor 1, passes through the first two-way valve 2, enters the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle, exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle, exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger 10 inside the vehicle after being throttled by the second expansion valve 9, and finally circulates to the compressor 1 through the receiver drier 12.
See fig. 4, where the flow direction of the refrigerant and the cooling liquid is shown by the arrows in fig. 4.
When the heat pump air conditioning unit is in a heating mode, the refrigerant is discharged by the compressor 1, passes through the first heat exchanger 3 in the vehicle and exchanges heat, enters the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle after being throttled by the first expansion valve 4, exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle, and finally passes through the second two-way valve 8 and the liquid storage dryer 12 in sequence and returns to the compressor 1.
See fig. 5, where the flow direction of the refrigerant and the cooling liquid is shown by the arrows in fig. 5.
When the heat pump air conditioning unit is in the dehumidification mode, the refrigerant is discharged by the compressor 1, then flows through the first heat exchanger 3 in the vehicle, flows through the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle, then flows through the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle, flows through the second expansion valve 9 to be throttled, flows through the second heat exchanger 10 inside the vehicle, and finally flows through the receiver drier 12 to be circulated to the compressor 1. Meanwhile, the temperature air door 13 acts, and the dehumidification effect is adjusted through the change of the air quantity of the first heat exchanger in the vehicle by adjusting the angle of the air door.
In this embodiment, the battery cooling and heating unit has four operation modes according to the cooling liquid temperature, including: a circulation mode, a cooling mode, a preheating mode, and a heating mode.
See fig. 6, where the flow direction of the refrigerant and the cooling liquid is shown by the arrows in fig. 6.
When the battery cooling and heating unit is in the circulation mode, the cooling liquid flows through the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle after being discharged by the water pump 15, then sequentially passes through the battery cooler 20, the motor and motor controller 19 and the power battery 17, and finally flows back to the water pump 15 through the liquid heater 16. This completes the cycle mode of the battery cooling and heating unit.
See fig. 7, wherein the flow direction of the refrigerant and the cooling liquid is shown by arrows in fig. 7.
When the battery cooling and heating unit is in a cooling mode, cooling liquid flows through the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle after being discharged by the water pump 15, then exchanges heat at the battery cooler 20, sequentially passes through the motor and motor controller 19 and the power battery 17, and finally flows back to the water pump 15 through the standby liquid heater 16; meanwhile, in the heat pump air conditioning unit, after being compressed and discharged by the compressor 1, the refrigerant passes through the first two-way valve 2, then enters the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle, exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle, exchanges heat at the battery cooler 20 after being throttled by the third expansion valve 21, and finally circulates to the compressor 1 through the receiver drier 12. This completes the cooling mode of the battery cooling and heating unit.
See fig. 8, wherein the flow direction of the refrigerant and the cooling liquid is shown by arrows in fig. 8.
When the battery cooling and heating unit is in the preheating mode, the cooling liquid flows through the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle after being discharged by the water pump 15, then sequentially passes through the battery cooler 20, the third two-way valve 18 and the power battery 17, and finally returns to the water pump 15 after heat exchange is performed at the liquid heater 16. This completes the preheating mode of the battery cooling and heating unit.
See fig. 9, wherein the flow direction of the refrigerant and the cooling liquid is shown by arrows in fig. 9.
When the battery cooling and heating unit is in the heating mode, the cooling liquid flows through the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle after being discharged by the water pump 15, then sequentially passes through the battery cooler 20, the motor and motor controller 19 and the power battery 17 which are in standby mode, and finally returns to the water pump 15 after exchanging heat at the liquid heater 16. This completes the heating mode of the battery cooling and heating unit.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 9, when the electric vehicle thermal control system is used, the heat pump air conditioning unit and the battery cooling and heating unit are controlled in a combined operation mode, and the working modes of the two units are respectively determined by detecting the air inlet temperature and the cooling liquid temperature of the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle. When the inlet temperature of the second heat exchanger is lower, the battery cooling and heating unit switches the working mode, and the heat generated by the motor, the motor controller 19 and the power battery 17 is transferred into the circulation loop of the heat pump air conditioning unit through the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle, so that the evaporation temperature of the heat pump air conditioning unit at the low outside air temperature is improved, the thermodynamic cycle of the whole system is improved, and the heat exchange capacity and efficiency are improved.
As described above, in the circulation circuit of the heat pump air conditioning unit, the refrigerant is discharged from the compressor 1, one path is connected to the inlet of the first two-way valve 2, the other path is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger 3 in the vehicle, the refrigerant flowing through the first two-way valve 2 merges with the refrigerant flowing through the first heat exchanger 3 in the vehicle and the first expansion valve 4 at the outlet of the first expansion valve 4, then sequentially passes through the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle, the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle, then is split into three paths at the outlet of the second heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle, one path is connected to the inlet of the second two-way valve 8, one path sequentially passes through the second expansion valve 9 and the second heat exchanger 10 inside the vehicle, and the other path passes through the third expansion valve 21 and the battery cooler 20, then the three paths of refrigerant flowing out from the outlet of the second heat exchanger 8 inside the vehicle and the outlet of the refrigerant flow passage of the battery cooler 20 merge at the inlet of the receiver 12, and finally circulate back to the compressor 1 through the receiver 12.
In the circulation loop of the battery cooling and heating unit, the cooling liquid is discharged by the water pump 15, flows through the cooling liquid flow channel of the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle, then enters the battery cooler 20, and is divided into two paths at the outlet of the battery cooler 20, wherein one path of cooling liquid passes through the third two-way valve 18, and the other path of cooling liquid flows through the motor and the motor controller 19. Since the outlet of the third two-way valve 18 is connected to the outlet of the cooling fluid flow channel of the motor and motor controller 19, the two cooling fluids flow into a heat exchanger (not shown) at the power battery 17 after being combined, and finally flow back to the water pump 15 through the fluid heater 16.
It should be further noted that when the outside air temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the heat pump air conditioning unit can operate in a heating mode; when the outside air temperature is between 2 ℃ and 25 ℃, the heat pump air conditioning unit can operate in a dehumidification mode; when the outside air temperature is above 20 ℃, the heat pump air conditioning unit may operate in a cooling mode. When the temperature of the cooling liquid is detected to be higher than 35 ℃, the battery cooling and heating unit circularly starts the water pump 15, and the cooling liquid transfers heat generated by the motor, the motor controller 19 and the power battery 17 to the battery cooler 20 for release. When the temperature of the cooling liquid is detected to be lower than 10 ℃, the battery cooling and heating unit starts the liquid heater 16 and the water pump 15, and the heated cooling liquid sequentially passes through the first heat exchanger 5 outside the vehicle, the motor and motor controller 19 and the power battery 17.
In addition, when the power battery 17 is charged rapidly, the operation mode is switched to heat the power battery 17. When the power battery 17 is rapidly discharged, the operation mode is switched to cool the power battery 17.
According to the electric automobile heat control system, the heat supply capacity of the heat pump air conditioning unit in a low-temperature external environment is improved through the combined arrangement of the heat pump air conditioning unit and the battery cooling and heating unit, and meanwhile, the working environment of the battery cooling and heating unit is ensured to be suitable, so that the reliability and the high efficiency of the whole automobile heat control system are improved. In addition, the system disclosed by the invention is improved aiming at the existing heat pump type automobile air conditioning system, and the heat supply capacity and efficiency of the system in a low-temperature outside environment are effectively improved. In addition, the system of the invention combines the heat pump air conditioning unit and the battery cooling and heating unit, thereby improving the riding thermal comfort and ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the power battery 17.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A thermal control system of an electric automobile is characterized in that,
the system comprises: a heat pump air conditioning unit and a battery cooling and heating unit; the heat pump air conditioning unit is connected with the battery cooling and heating unit through a first heat exchanger outside the vehicle and a battery cooler; the heat pump air conditioning unit includes: the system comprises a compressor, a first two-way valve, a first heat exchanger in a vehicle, a first expansion valve, a first heat exchanger outside the vehicle, a second two-way valve, a second expansion valve, a second heat exchanger in the vehicle, a liquid storage dryer and an air heater arranged in an air conditioning box assembly; the compressor is connected to a first two-way valve, the first two-way valve is connected with the first heat exchanger in the vehicle and the first expansion valve in parallel, the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle is respectively connected with the first two-way valve and the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle, the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle is connected to a second two-way valve, the second two-way valve is connected with the second heat exchanger in the vehicle and the second expansion valve in parallel, and the liquid storage dryer is respectively connected with the second two-way valve and the compressor; the battery cooling and heating unit includes: the system comprises a third expansion valve, a battery cooler, a third two-way valve, a motor controller, a power battery, a liquid heater and a water pump; the third expansion valve and the battery cooler are connected with the second two-way valve in parallel, the battery cooler is connected to the third two-way valve, the motor and the motor controller which are connected in parallel, the power battery is respectively connected to the third two-way valve and the liquid heater, and the water pump is respectively connected to the liquid heater and the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle;
the first heat exchanger in the vehicle and the second heat exchanger in the vehicle are parallel flow type; the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle is of serial type or parallel flow type; the external first heat exchanger and the battery cooler are provided with a double-fluid channel of a refrigerant flow channel and a cooling liquid flow channel, the external first heat exchanger and the battery cooler are connected with a heat pump air conditioning unit through the refrigerant flow channel, and the external first heat exchanger and the battery cooler are connected with a battery cooling and heating unit through the cooling liquid flow channel;
and a temperature air door is arranged beside the first heat exchanger in the vehicle, and the position of the temperature air door is rotated to adjust whether the air of the second heat exchanger in the vehicle flows through the first heat exchanger in the vehicle or not and the air quantity flowing through the first heat exchanger in the vehicle.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,
the outside of second heat exchanger is equipped with a first fan outside the car the outside of second heat exchanger is equipped with a second fan in the car, first fan and second fan all are used for strengthening the heat dissipation of second heat exchanger outside the car and second heat exchanger in the car to prevent that the excessive temperature from influencing heat pump air conditioning unit's normal use.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,
the air inlet of the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle is provided with a first temperature sensor, and the first temperature sensor is used for monitoring the air inlet temperature of the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle in real time so as to determine whether the battery cooling and heating unit is required to be switched to a circulation mode or not when the heat pump air conditioning unit operates and the working condition operates, so that the redundant heat of the motor, the motor controller and the power battery is utilized.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,
and a second temperature sensor is arranged in the battery cooler and is used for monitoring the temperature in the battery cooler in real time.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,
the third expansion valve is an expansion valve with full-open and full-close adjusting functions.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,
the first expansion valve, the second expansion valve, the third expansion valve, the first two-way valve, the second two-way valve, the third two-way valve, the first fan, the second fan, the liquid heater and the air heater are all connected with the CAN bus to realize linkage control.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,
the heat pump air conditioning unit has three modes of operation, including:
a cooling mode, a heating mode, and a dehumidifying mode;
when the heat pump air conditioning unit is in a refrigeration mode, the refrigerant is discharged by the compressor, passes through the first two-way valve, enters the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle, exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger inside the vehicle after being throttled by the second expansion valve, and finally circulates to the compressor through the liquid storage dryer;
when the heat pump air conditioning unit is in a heating mode, after being discharged by the compressor, the refrigerant passes through the first heat exchanger in the vehicle and exchanges heat, enters the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle after being throttled by the first expansion valve, exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle, and finally returns to the compressor after passing through the second two-way valve and the liquid storage dryer in sequence;
when the heat pump air conditioning unit is in a dehumidification mode, after being discharged by the compressor, the refrigerant firstly passes through the first heat exchanger in the vehicle, then passes through the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle, then exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle, and after being throttled by the second expansion valve, exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger inside the vehicle, and finally circulates to the compressor through the liquid storage dryer.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,
the battery cooling and heating unit has four operation modes including: a circulation mode, a cooling mode, a preheating mode, and a heating mode;
when the battery cooling and heating unit is in a circulating mode, cooling liquid flows through the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle after being discharged by the water pump, then sequentially passes through the battery cooler, the motor controller and the power battery to be standby, and finally flows back to the water pump through the liquid heater to be standby;
when the battery cooling and heating unit is in a cooling mode, cooling liquid flows through the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle after being discharged by the water pump, then exchanges heat at the battery cooler, sequentially passes through the motor, the motor controller and the power battery, and finally flows back to the water pump through the liquid heater in standby mode; meanwhile, in the heat pump air conditioning unit, after being compressed and discharged by the compressor, the refrigerant passes through the first two-way valve, enters the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle, exchanges heat at the second heat exchanger outside the vehicle, exchanges heat at the battery cooler after being throttled by the third expansion valve, and finally circulates to the compressor through the liquid storage dryer;
when the battery cooling and heating unit is in a preheating mode, cooling liquid flows through the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle after being discharged by the water pump, then sequentially passes through the battery cooler, the third two-way valve and the power battery to be standby, and finally returns to the water pump after heat exchange is performed at the liquid heater;
when the battery cooling and heating unit is in a heating mode, cooling liquid flows through the first heat exchanger outside the vehicle after being discharged by the water pump, then sequentially passes through the battery cooler, the motor controller and the power battery to be standby, and finally returns to the water pump after heat exchange is performed at the liquid heater.
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| CN109291761B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2023-09-12 | 上海加冷松芝汽车空调股份有限公司 | Heat pump air conditioning system of electric automobile |
| CN109301395B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2024-02-02 | 上海加冷松芝汽车空调股份有限公司 | Combined heating and cooling module assembly and battery thermal management system |
| CN109649119B (en) * | 2018-12-23 | 2024-07-09 | 上海思致汽车工程技术有限公司 | New energy automobile whole car thermal management system fully utilizing waste heat |
| CN109747378A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-05-14 | 大乘汽车有限公司 | Battery of electric vehicle heat management system |
| CN110588279A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-12-20 | 上海理工大学 | Whole-vehicle thermal management system with waste heat utilization function for new energy automobile |
| CN111129663B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-10-12 | 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted thermal management system and vehicle |
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