CN107593136A - A kind of cultural method of precocious Gentiana triflora tree - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of precocious Gentiana triflora tree, it is characterized in that spring, the autumn of hair vigor are melted in plant, the grafting of Gentiana triflora tree on same akin stock.On same akin stock, the environment of temperature height, high humidity, normal growth, result are adapted to by the Gentiana triflora tree after this engrafting method with the Gentiana triflora grafting of more than two kinds different cultivars for the method for the present invention.Fruit tree growing way is contained, and fruit matter is sharp and clear, pollution-free, health, and economic benefit is obvious.Gentiana triflora arnotto skin red meat, chromaticness is gorgeous, and individual pork is thick, sweet and sour taste, fragrant odour, and for fruit containing sugar, protein, carrotene, riboflavin etc., flavor quality is splendid, and nutritive value is high, is both the first-class fruit eaten raw, is the first-class raw material for processing preserved fruit again.

Description

A kind of cultural method of precocious Gentiana triflora tree

Technical field

The present invention relates to planting fruit trees class, more particularly to a kind of cultural method of precocious Gentiana triflora tree.

Background technology

Gentiana triflora is temperate zone fallen leaves property fruit tree, stronger to climate adaptability, but the florescence meets low temperature frost or continuous rainfall day Gas, serious fallen flowers can be caused or even lose receipts, on the other hand, spring temperature is high, is bloomed after first foliation, is also unfavorable for the shape of fruit Into；Gentiana triflora is light fruit tree, poorly should not just cultivate in day illumination, be paid attention in planting density, pruning, with Meet its needs to illumination, illumination deficiency, not only influence its growth result, also influence fruit quality and color；Gentiana triflora pair Soil require it is not severe, as long as soil layer is relatively deep without excessively barren, can all plant, wherein with soil layer it is deep, rich in humus Subacidity soil most preferably cultivate.Gentiana triflora arnotto skin red meat, chromaticness is gorgeous, and individual pork is thick, and meat is sharp and clear, sweet and sour taste, gas Taste fragrance, fruit is containing sugar, protein, carrotene, riboflavin etc., and flavor quality is splendid, nutritive value height, be both eat raw it is upper Good fruit, it is the first-class raw material for processing preserved fruit again.

The content of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one kind Gentiana triflora tree being promoted to shift to an earlier date, season is ripe, and sugariness is enough, feels well Crisp mouth, vitamin content is high, and the price that early goes public is high, and the big technique of income is simple, and operation is easy, and the low one kind of production cost is precocious The cultural method of Gentiana triflora tree.

The technical solution of the present invention is such：A kind of cultural method of precocious Gentiana triflora tree, it is characterised in that its Processing step method：

Step 1, grafting：In spring and/or autumn, the Gentiana triflora sapling grafting of different cultivars there is affiliation at same Stock on；

Step 2, after the Gentiana triflora rime fruit of grafting, beta pruning in three months after the annual fruit picking phase, make fruit tree branch minimum liftoff 80-100 centimetres of face；

Step 3, in grafting step, spring is grafting before not germinateing the 3-4 months, and autumn is 8-9 month graftings；

Step 4, using the Gentiana triflora tree grafting of 3 kinds of different cultivars on same akin stock；

Step 5, same akin stock of grafting is wild peach tree；

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：It is luxuriant by the Gentiana triflora tree growing way of grafting cultivation, it is as a result more and Meat is sharp and clear, and nutritive value is high, pollution-free, health, finds a good sale in all parts of the country, increases economic benefit.

Embodiment

With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described

Embodiment 1,（One）Soil and fertilizer management：

Fertilising：Carry out inter-row green covering, the diagnostic fertilization based on organic fertilizer, because of scarce fertilising, the rational application of fertilizers side of timely and appropriate discovery Pin.Purity nitrogen, pure potassium each 0.8~lkg, pure 0.5~0.7kg of phosphorus, pure 0.1~0.12kg of calcium are applied by 1 Lee 00kg fruit of every production, it is pure 0.18~0.2kg of magnesium is counted, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are with 1：0.7：1 is advisable.Trace element is filled a vacancy with lacking, and magnesium, boron, zinc, molybdenum etc. are with leaf Based on face sprays, quick lime is spread fertilizer over the fields in 3~May by 1kg/ strains.

Apply rush fertilizers for potted flowers：Under being applied before the Autumnal Equinox to the Beginning of Winter, it is therefore intended that promote development of floral organs and yield positive results well, carry High fruit-setting rate.Base manure dose accounts for the 60% of whole year, based on the organic fertilizers such as decomposed manure of livestock and poultry, bran fertilizer, with applying calcium magnesium phosphate, Strain organic fertilizer 25~30 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 1.5kg.Using ring-type ditch spread, i.e., tree crown drip line position dig it is wide by 50~ 60cm, deep 30~40cm ring-type dressing furrows.

Apply fruit-promoting fertilizer：In the case where being applied late March~mid-April before fruit is developed rapidly, it is therefore intended that reduce shedding, strengthen Fruit strengthens the tip, and dose accounts for the 30% of whole year, based on quick-acting fertilizer, applies decomposed people and animals' fecaluria and add a small amount of composite fertilizer, open fertilizing by shallow furrowing Under, people and animals' fecaluria 20kg, composite fertilizer 1.5kg, or organic fertilizer 15kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 1kg, potassium chloride 1kg are applied in strain.

Apply fertilizer after fruit：Applied after fruit picking, it is therefore intended that recover tree vigo(u)r, healthy and strong summer shoot, promote bud differentiation, strengthen leaf Piece function.Fertilizer coordinates available nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer based on organic fertilizer after fruit, and dose accounts for the 10% of whole year, opens fertilizing by shallow furrowing, strain Apply dung polluted water 10kg, composite fertilizer 1kg.

（Two）Water management：Level land Li Yuan will rebuild gutter, lowering of watertable；Hillside fields Li Yuan pays attention to conserving water and soil, Prevent kind of a plant hole ponding simultaneously.In florescence, budding period, young fruit period, fruit, the phase of increasing needs water more to Li Yuan rapidly, if meeting spring drought, It should be irrigated.Drought Stress at Flowering should be sprayed water with reference to foliage dressing（The will of+0.5% magnesium sulfate of 0.5% composite fertilizer+0.5% believes high calcium Or green fragrant prestige 24#, will letter high calcium calcic 20%, boron 7%）.Notice that drouth brash causes dehiscent fruit, pays attention to after the fruit stone phase before adopting Take precautions against drought moisturizing, row's ponding in time after rain.Summer, autumn drought are met after fruit picking, answers appropriate slight irrigation, with the growth of sharp summer shoot and bud differentiation.Three Magnificent Li Bixu is fallen leaves completely before heavy snow, and 300~400 times its copper-promoted fallen leaves of oxychlorination can be sprayed if do not fallen leaves.

（Three）Pruning：

Shaping：Tree crown trimming is shaped as the happy type of nature according to the growing state of tree body, is advantageous to tree body ventilation and penetrating light, subtracts Few pest and disease damage, improves fruit quality.

Trimming：Growth period trimming mainly carries out bud picking pinching in 3~May, the mistake that resting bud under winter clip is sprouted Close branch young sprout is erased, and the young sprout left is up to pinching during 40~50cm.To branch of excessive growth cutting back or wiped out after fruit picking.Dormant pruning. After fallen leaves to before blooming, 30cm final stage branch and branch of excessive growth whole cutting back 1/4~1/3 are exceeded to length, both can control tree body Nutrient growth, can reach the effect of flower thinning bud and leaf bud again, improve the bud quality, while wipe out deadwood, sick branch, excessively sagging Branch, very thin branch, prune overstocked branch and juxtaposition branch off.

（Four）Flower and fruit management：Flower and fruit protecting initial bloom stage and spray when thanking and spending 2/3 0.5% will believe the high urea of calcareous fertilisers+0.3%+ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, it is red mould that the steady fruiting period of young fruit sprays+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+40mg/kg of the 0.5% will letter urea of high calcium+0.3% Element, improve fruit-setting rate.April, 500 times of early and middle ten dayses foliage-spray liquid paclobutrazol 2 times, sprayed again every 1 week.Fruit thinning is stood after physiological fallen fruit Carry out, principle is：Disease pest fruit, malformed fruit, fruitlet are removed, middle fruit spur stays 2 fruits per 10cm, and bouquet shape fruit branch stays 1 fruit, Long fruit branch stays 2~3 fruits per 10cm.

（Five）Integrated pest prevention and control：The plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is implemented, to improve orchard ecology ring Border, based on strengthening cultivation management, the various prophylactico-therapeutic measures of integrated application, preferentially prevented using agricultural measures, biological control and physics Method is controlled, with the use of efficient, less toxic, low-residual chemical pesticide, disabling high poison, high residue chemical pesticide are simultaneously improved using agricultural chemicals Technology, pesticide dosage is reduced, by disease pest control under economic threshold values, ensure that fruit reaches national food hygienic standard.Gentiana triflora Major Diseases have bleeding disease, powdery mildew, anthracnose, dark mildew etc., and Major Pests have：Fruit fly, aphid, mite class, chafer, stinkbug Silk worm, longicorn, scale insect, wood noth, Li Shifeng, poison moth, slug moth etc..During Orchard Construction and cultivation management, using plantation Shelter belt, in the ranks between make or sward measure, create and be advantageous to Japanese plum growth and natural enemy existence without the life that is grown beneficial to disease pest State system, keep the bio-diversity and ecological balance.By rational pruning, remove intersect branch, sick branch, overstocked branch, in spite of illness leaf, Flower, fruit and concentration are burnt, and reduce the infection sources.Winter carries out clear garden, 45% lime sulfur of 300 times of liquid is sprayed, deadwood, disease pest Branches and leaves, which are concentrated, to be burnt, and reduces the infection sources.Using trap lamp, the insect of nocturnalism is trapped and killed, fruit fly is catched and killed using flytrap.With Yellow card's trap aphid.Plant insecticide, microbial source insecticidal bactericide, insect growth regulator, IGR, mineral sources are recommended to kill Worm agent, low toxicity and low residue organic agricultural chemicals.Primary insecticide：Fruit fly bait formulation, nicotine, AVM, biologic composite insecticide, fish Rattan ketone, imidacloprid etc..Bactericide：Lime sulfur, Mancozeb class, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim etc..Plant growth regulator： Paclobutrazol, gibberellin.Anthracnose is prevented and treated：Main cause harm young sprout blade and fruit, annual high temperature and humidity in 4~July susceptible disease.With The 600 times of liquid preventing and treatings of 50% 500 times of carbendazim liquid or 70% thiophanate-methyl.Bleeding disease：7~September high temperature and drought easily occurs, and finds When having gummosis, portion's gummosis thing of preventing or cure a disease is scraped with pocket knife, sick portion is smeared with 100 times of liquid of equivalent formula Bordeaux mixture or 45% lime sulfur.To the greatest extent Amount not stirred and hinder limb, and clip is smooth during trimming.Insect pest is mainly based on physical control, biological control, bait formulation preventing and treating.

（Six）Timely collecting：Because Gentiana triflora fruit can not be simultaneously ripe, therefore harvesting is preferably conducted batch-wise, to improve fruit Real quality.If harvesting is too early, flavor is not up to optimal；If harvested late, flavor declines and can cause a large amount of sheddings.Three Magnificent Lee's optimum harvest time should be at the beginning of late June~7 month.Needed to determine picking time according to fruit maturity, purposes and market. Gentiana triflora fruit powder is thicker, is plucked using 2 fingers during fruit picking.Classification packaging is carried out after harvesting, gift box case or basket bottom spread one layer Blotting paper, one layer of blotting paper, gift box case are repaved after arranging one layer of fruit（Basket）Face is capped packaging after covering one layer of paper.

Embodiment 2, with reference to embodiment 1, grafting was transferred with the Gentiana triflora tree of more than two kinds different cultivars in spring or autumn It is connected on same akin stock.After the Gentiana triflora rime fruit of above-mentioned steps grafting, three after the annual fruit picking phase Beta pruning in individual month, make minimum 80-100 centimetres from the ground of fruit tree branch.Typically 7 after annual fruit picking, 8,9 three month beta prunings.With two The Gentiana triflora grafting of kind above different cultivars is on same akin stock, after this engrafting method grafting Gentiana triflora tree adapts to temperature height, the environment of high humidity, normal growth, result.Correct beta pruning can be such that Gentiana triflora tree bears more preferably Fruit.

Proved using the method for the present invention in the experiment of Southeast of Guangxi plantation Gentiana triflora tree：Using the method kind of the present invention The Gentiana triflora tree of plant not only can be in southern normal growth result, and maturation is early, and annual June is maturation；Bearing fruit, high, high yield is steady Production；Mouthfeel is fresh and sweet, crisp.The method key of the present invention is the Gentiana triflora tree grafting with more than two kinds different cultivars at same Sapling is cultivated on akin stock.In experiment, with the tree energy normal growth of the Gentiana triflora grafting of two kinds of different cultivars As a result, with the Gentiana triflora tree of the Gentiana triflora graftings of three kinds of different cultivars can normal growth result, and effect is more preferable.Stock uses Wild peach tree is relatively more, and the method for grafting does not specially require, using conventional method.

Claims (1)

1. A kind of 1. cultural method of precocious Gentiana triflora tree, it is characterised in that its processing step method：

   Step 1, grafting：In spring and/or autumn, the Gentiana triflora sapling grafting of different cultivars there is affiliation at same Stock on；

   Step 2, after the Gentiana triflora rime fruit of grafting, beta pruning in three months after the annual fruit picking phase, make fruit tree branch minimum liftoff 80-100 centimetres of face；

   Step 3, in grafting step, spring is grafting before not germinateing the 3-4 months, and autumn is 8-9 month graftings；

   Step 4, using the Gentiana triflora tree grafting of 3 kinds of different cultivars on same akin stock；

   Step 5, same akin stock of grafting is wild peach tree.