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CN107444319B - 车辆用电源装置 - Google Patents

车辆用电源装置 Download PDF

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CN107444319B
CN107444319B CN201710256043.XA CN201710256043A CN107444319B CN 107444319 B CN107444319 B CN 107444319B CN 201710256043 A CN201710256043 A CN 201710256043A CN 107444319 B CN107444319 B CN 107444319B
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power
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CN107444319A (zh
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木下贵博
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Shigae Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15Preventing overcharging
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/04Arrangement of batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/52Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by DC-motors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0862Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
    • F02N11/0866Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery comprising several power sources, e.g. battery and capacitor or two batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/08Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a dc motor
    • H02P3/14Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a dc motor by regenerative braking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2250/00Problems related to engine starting or engine's starting apparatus
    • F02N2250/02Battery voltage drop at start, e.g. drops causing ECU reset
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/20Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method
    • F02N2300/2002Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method using different starting modes, methods, or actuators depending on circumstances, e.g. engine temperature or component wear
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明使车辆用电源装置的电源电压稳定。车辆用电源装置搭载于车辆,并具备:与发动机连结的启动发电机(16);连接于启动发电机(16)的锂离子蓄电池(31);与锂离子蓄电池(31)并联地连接于启动发电机(16)的铅蓄电池(32);在将启动发电机(16)与铅蓄电池(32)连接的导通状态和将启动发电机(16)与铅蓄电池(32)断开的关断状态之间进行切换的开关(SW2);在启动发电机(16)被控制为动力运行状态的情况下将开关(SW2)从导通状态切换为关断状态的开关控制部,在将开关(SW2)切换为关断状态的情况下,在铅蓄电池(32)超过阈值进行放电时,开关控制部将开关(SW2)从关断状态切换为导通状态。

Description

车辆用电源装置
技术领域
本发明涉及搭载于车辆的车辆用电源装置。
背景技术
作为搭载于车辆的车辆用电源装置,提出了在车辆减速时使ISG(integratedstarter generator:集成启动发电机)等发电电动机再生发电的电源装置(参照专利文献1)。专利文献1所记载的电源装置具有相互并联连接的铅蓄电池和锂离子蓄电池来作为蓄电体。由此,不仅能够将再生电力充入到铅蓄电池,还能够将再生电力充入到锂离子蓄电池,并且能够增大再生电力而提高车辆的能效。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2014-36557号公报
发明内容
技术问题
然而,在电源装置连接有各种致动器和/或控制器等电气负载,这些电气负载的消耗电力存在逐年增加的趋势。因此,产生了电源装置的电源电压根据电气负载的工作状况而瞬间大幅降低的问题。这样的电源电压的大幅降低是使得控制器和/或指示器等的工作不稳定的因素,且是导致铅蓄电池等过放电的因素。因此,要求使车辆用电源装置的电源电压稳定。
本发明的目的在于使车辆用电源装置的电源电压稳定。
技术方案
本发明的车辆用电源装置为搭载于车辆的车辆用电源装置,具备:第一电源电路,具备与发动机连结的发电电动机和连接于所述发电电动机的第一蓄电体;第二电源电路,具备与所述第一蓄电体并联连接的第二蓄电体和与所述第二蓄电体连接的电气负载组;通电开关,在将所述第一电源电路与所述第二电源电路相互连接的导通状态和将所述第一电源电路与所述第二电源电路相互断开的关断状态之间进行切换;以及开关控制部,在所述发电电动机被控制为动力运行状态的情况下,将所述通电开关从导通状态切换为关断状态,其中,在将所述通电开关切换成了关断状态的状态下,在所述第二蓄电体超过阈值而进行放电时,所述开关控制部将所述通电开关从关断状态切换为导通状态,经由被切换为导通状态的所述通电开关将内部电阻比所述第二蓄电体的内部电阻小的所述第一蓄电体连接到所述第二蓄电体所连接的所述电气负载组。
技术效果
根据本发明,在将通电开关切换为关断状态的情况下,在第二蓄电体超过阈值而进行放电时,将通电开关从关断状态切换为导通状态。由此,能够使车辆用电源装置的电源电压稳定。
附图说明
图1是示出具备本发明的一个实施方式的车辆用电源装置的车辆的构成例的概略图。
图2是示出电源电路的一例的电路图。
图3是示出将启动发电机控制为发电状态时的电力供应状况的图。
图4是示出将启动发电机控制为发电暂停状态时的电力供应状况的图。
图5是示出开关开闭控制的执行步骤的一例的流程图。
图6的(a)和(b)是示出开关开闭控制的执行过程中的电力供应状况的图。
符号说明
10:车辆用电源装置
11:车辆
12:发动机
16:启动发电机(发电电动机)
31:锂离子蓄电池(第一蓄电体)
32:铅蓄电池(第二蓄电体)
50:电气负载组
51:侧滑防止装置(大容量负载)
52:电动助力转向装置(大容量负载)
53:前灯(大容量负载)
60:主控制器(开关控制部)
SW2:开关(通电开关)
V_Pb:端子电压
I_Pb:放电电流
V1:电压阈值
I1:电流阈值
具体实施方式
以下,基于附图详细说明本发明的实施方式。图1是示出具备本发明的一个实施方式的车辆用电源装置10的车辆11的构成例的概略图。如图1所示,在车辆11搭载有具备作为动力源的发动机12的动力单元13。在发动机12的曲轴14经由皮带机构15机械连结有启动发电机(发电电动机)16。此外,在发动机12经由变矩器17连结有变速机构18,在变速机构18经由差动机构19等连结有车轮20。
连结于发动机12的启动发电机16为作为发电机和电动机发挥功能的所谓的ISG(integrated starter generator:集成启动发电机)。启动发电机16不仅作为被曲轴14驱动的发电机发挥功能,还在所谓的怠速停止控制中作为使曲轴14启动旋转的电动机发挥功能。启动发电机16具有定子21和转子22,所述定子21具备定子线圈,所述转子22具备励磁线圈。此外,为了控制定子线圈和/或励磁线圈的通电状态,在启动发电机16设置有由逆变器、稳压器和计算机等构成的ISG控制器23。通过ISG控制器23来控制励磁线圈和/或定子线圈的通电状态,由此能够控制启动发电机16的发电转矩和/或动力运行转矩(力行トルク)等。
[电源电路]
对车辆用电源装置10所具备的电源电路30进行说明。图2是示出电源电路30的一例的电路图。如图2所示,电源电路30具备与启动发电机16电连接的锂离子蓄电池(第一蓄电体)31、和与锂离子蓄电池31并联地电连接于启动发电机16的铅蓄电池(第二蓄电体)32。应予说明,为了使锂离子蓄电池31积极地放电,锂离子蓄电池31的端子电压设计得比铅蓄电池32的端子电压高。此外,为了使锂离子蓄电池31积极地进行充放电,锂离子蓄电池31的内部电阻设计得比铅蓄电池32的内部电阻小。
在锂离子蓄电池31的正极端子31a连接正极线33,在铅蓄电池32的正极端子32a连接正极线34,在启动发电机16的正极端子16a连接正极线35。这些正极线33~35经由连接点36相互连接。此外,在锂离子蓄电池31的负极端子31b连接负极线37,在铅蓄电池32的负极端子32b连接负极线38,在启动发电机16的负极端子16b连接负极线39。这些负极线37~39连接于基准电位点40。
在锂离子蓄电池31的负极线37设置有能够在导通状态和关断状态之间切换的开关SW1。通过将开关SW1控制为导通状态,能够将启动发电机16与锂离子蓄电池31连接。另一方面,通过将开关SW1控制为关断状态,能够将启动发电机16与锂离子蓄电池31断开。此外,在铅蓄电池32的正极线34设置有能够在导通状态和关断状态之间切换的开关(通电开关)SW2。通过将开关SW2控制为导通状态,能够将启动发电机16与铅蓄电池32连接。另一方面,通过将开关SW2控制为关断状态,能够将启动发电机16与铅蓄电池32断开。这些开关SW1、SW2可以是由MOSFET等半导体元件构成的开关,也可以是使用电磁力等使触点机械地开闭的开关。应予说明,开关SW1、SW2也被称为继电器或接触器。
在电源电路30设置有蓄电池模块41。在该蓄电池模块41组装有锂离子蓄电池31,并且组装有开关SW1、SW2。此外,在蓄电池模块41设置有由计算机等构成的蓄电池控制器42。蓄电池控制器42具有监视锂离子蓄电池31的充电状态SOC、充放电电流、端子电压、电池温度等的功能,和/或控制开关SW1、SW2的功能。
在铅蓄电池32的正极线34连接有由多个电气负载构成的电气负载组50。作为构成电气负载组50的电气负载,设置有使车辆的行驶姿势稳定的侧滑防止装置51、辅助驾驶员的转向操作的电动助力转向装置52、向车辆前方照射光的前灯53、向乘员显示各种信息的仪表板54等。所例示的电气负载之中的侧滑防止装置51、电动助力转向装置52和前灯53为消耗电力超过预定的电力阈值的大容量设备(大容量负载)。应予说明,作为消耗电力大的大容量设备,不限于前述的各装置,例如,加热鼓风机、PTC加热器和电加热器等装置也相当于大容量设备。
此外,虽然未图示,但在铅蓄电池32的正极线34连接有ISG控制器23、蓄电池控制器42、后述的主控制器60等各种控制器作为电气负载。即,各种控制器23、42、60作为构成电气负载组50的电气负载之一而设置。此外,在铅蓄电池32的负极线38设置有蓄电池传感器55。该蓄电池传感器55具有检测铅蓄电池32的充电电流、放电电流、端子电压、充电状态SOC的功能。应予说明,在正极线34设置有保护电气负载组50等的熔断器56。
[蓄电池充放电控制]
对锂离子蓄电池31的充放电控制进行说明。为了控制锂离子蓄电池31的充放电,在车辆用电源装置10设置有由计算机等构成的主控制器60。主控制器60、前述的各控制器23、42经由CAN和/或LIN等车载网络61而相互自由通信地连接。主控制器60基于锂离子蓄电池31的充电状态SOC来将启动发电机16控制为发电状态或发电暂停状态,由此控制锂离子蓄电池31的充放电。应予说明,充电状态SOC(state of charge)是指蓄电池的蓄电量与设计容量的比率。该充电状态SOC由蓄电池控制器42发送到主控制器60。
图3是示出将启动发电机16控制为发电状态时的电力供应状况的图。图4是示出将启动发电机16控制为发电暂停状态时的电力供应状况的图。应予说明,作为启动发电机16的发电状态,有通过发动机动力来旋转驱动启动发电机16的燃烧发电状态、和通过车辆减速时的动能来旋转驱动启动发电机16的再生发电状态。
如图3所示,例如在锂离子蓄电池31的蓄电量耗竭的情况下,将启动发电机16控制为燃烧发电状态。即,在锂离子蓄电池31的充电状态SOC低于预定的下限值的情况下,为了对锂离子蓄电池31进行充电而提高充电状态SOC,将启动发电机16控制为燃烧发电状态。在将启动发电机16控制为燃烧发电状态时,启动发电机16的发电电压被提高为比锂离子蓄电池31的端子电压高。由此,如图3中黑色箭头所示,电力从启动发电机16供应给锂离子蓄电池31、电气负载组50和铅蓄电池32等,因此通过启动发电机16对锂离子蓄电池31充电。
如图4所示,例如在锂离子蓄电池31的蓄电量得到充分确保的情况下,将启动发电机16控制为发电暂停状态。即,在锂离子蓄电池31的充电状态SOC超过预定的上限值的情况下,为了促使锂离子蓄电池31放电而减小发动机负荷,将启动发电机16控制为发电暂停状态。在将启动发电机16控制为发电暂停状态时,启动发电机16的发电电压被降低为比锂离子蓄电池31的端子电压低。由此,如图4中黑色箭头所示,电力从锂离子蓄电池31供应给电气负载组50,因此,能够抑制启动发电机16的发电,并能够降低发动机负荷。
如前所述,基于充电状态SOC将启动发电机16控制为燃烧发电状态或发电暂停状态,但是从提高车辆11的燃油性能的观点来看,在车辆减速时将启动发电机16控制为再生发电状态。由此,能够将车辆11的动能转换为电能并回收,并能够提高车辆11的能效。对于是否执行启动发电机16的再生发电,基于加速踏板和/或制动踏板的操作状况等来确定。例如,在加速踏板的踩踏被解除的情况下和/或踩踏了制动踏板的情况下,启动发电机16的发电电压被提高为比锂离子蓄电池31的端子电压高,如图3所示,将启动发电机16控制为再生发电状态。应予说明,如图3和图4所示,在将启动发电机16控制为燃烧发电状态、再生发电状态和发电暂停状态时,开关SW1、SW2被保持在导通状态。
[开关开闭控制]
对由主控制器60执行的开关SW2的开闭控制进行说明。图5是示出开关开闭控制的执行步骤的一例的流程图。图6的(a)和(b)是示出开关开闭控制的执行过程中的电力供应状况的图。在图5和图6中利用ON来表示开关SW2的导通状态,利用OFF来表示开关SW2的关断状态。在图5和图6中,启动发电机16记载为ISG。应予说明,在作为开关控制部的主控制器60,如图1所示经由车载网络61,以自由通信的方式连接有蓄电池控制器42、蓄电池传感器55、侧滑防止装置51、电动助力转向装置52和前灯53。
如图5所示,在步骤S10中,判定是否处于启动发电机16被控制为动力运行状态的状况。启动发电机16被控制为动力运行状态的状况是指在发动机重新启动时通过启动发电机16来使发动机12启动旋转的状况和/或在车辆起步时通过启动发电机16来辅助驱动发动机12的状况。在步骤S10中,在判定为处于启动发电机16被控制为动力运行状态的状况的情况下,进入步骤S11,将开关SW2从导通状态切换为关断状态。在后续的步骤S12中,将启动发电机16控制为动力运行状态。
这样,在将启动发电机16控制为动力运行状态时,开关SW2被从导通状态切换为关断状态。如图6的(a)所示,通过将开关SW2切换为关断状态,从而将由锂离子蓄电池31和启动发电机16构成的电源电路(第一电源电路)62与由铅蓄电池32和电气负载组50构成的电源电路(第二电源电路)63相互断开。由此,如图6的(a)中黑色箭头所示,即使是启动发电机16的消耗电流增加的情况下,也能够从铅蓄电池32向电气负载组50供应电力,因此,能够防止对于电气负载组50的瞬间的电压降即瞬降,并能够不给乘员带来不适感地控制车辆11。
如图5所示,在步骤S12中,如果启动发电机16被控制为动力运行状态,则进入步骤S13,判定铅蓄电池32的端子电压V_Pb是否低于预定的电压阈值V1。在步骤S13中,在判定为端子电压V_Pb低于电压阈值V1的情况下,进入步骤S14,将开关SW2从关断状态切换为导通状态。这里,端子电压V_Pb低于电压阈值V1的状况是指从铅蓄电池32向电气负载组50供应的电力增加的状况,且是铅蓄电池32超过预定的阈值而进行放电的状况(铅蓄电池32以超过预定的阈值的水平进行放电,下同)。因此,如图6的(b)所示,开关SW2被从关断状态切换为导通状态,将锂离子蓄电池31连接到电气负载组50。即,如图6的(b)中黑色箭头所示,能够从锂离子蓄电池31向电气负载组50供应电力,并能够抑制铅蓄电池32的过度放电。由此,能够使车辆用电源装置10的电源电压稳定,因此能够使电气负载组50正常发挥功能。
在步骤S13中,在判定为铅蓄电池32的端子电压V_Pb为电压阈值V1以上的情况下,进入步骤S15,判定铅蓄电池32的放电电流I_Pb是否超过预定的电流阈值I1。在步骤S15中,在判定为放电电流I_Pb超过电流阈值I1的情况下,进入步骤S14,将开关SW2从关断状态切换为导通状态。这里,放电电流I_Pb超过电流阈值I1的状况是指从铅蓄电池32向电气负载组50供应的电力增加的状况,且是铅蓄电池32超过预定的阈值而进行放电的状况。因此,如图6的(b)所示,开关SW2被从关断状态切换为导通状态,将锂离子蓄电池31连接到电气负载组50。即,如图6的(b)中黑色箭头所示,能够从锂离子蓄电池31向电气负载组50供应电力,并能够抑制铅蓄电池32的过度放电。由此,能够使车辆用电源装置10的电源电压稳定,因此能够使电气负载组50正常发挥功能。
在步骤S15中,在判定为铅蓄电池32的放电电流I_Pb为电流阈值I1以下的情况下,进入步骤S16,判定消耗电力大的大容量设备51~53是否正在工作。在步骤S16中,在判定为构成电气负载组50的电气负载之中的侧滑防止装置51、电动助力转向装置52和前灯53中的至少任一个工作的情况下,进入步骤S14,将开关SW2从关断状态切换为导通状态。这里,侧滑防止装置51等大容量设备进行工作的状况是指能够预测由电气负载组50带来的消耗电力的增加的状况,且是能够预测铅蓄电池32超过预定的阈值而进行放电的状况。因此,如图6的(b)所示,在铅蓄电池32的端子电压V_Pb和/或放电电流I_Pb进行大幅变化之前,开关SW2被从关断状态切换为导通状态,将锂离子蓄电池31连接到电气负载组50。由此,如图6的(b)中黑色箭头所示,能够从锂离子蓄电池31向电气负载组50供应电力,并能够使车辆用电源装置10的电源电压稳定。
此外,在步骤S16中,在判定为所有的大容量设备51~53处于停止的情况下,不将开关SW2切换为导通状态而退出程序。即,在步骤S13中判定为端子电压V_Pb高,在步骤S15中判定为放电电流I_Pb低,且在步骤S16中判定为所有的大容量设备51~53停止的情况下,铅蓄电池32未处于以大电流进行放电的状况,因此开关SW2被保持在关断状态。
应予说明,在步骤S14中,在将开关SW2切换为导通状态后,在消除了铅蓄电池32的过度放电并且继续进行启动发电机16的动力运行的情况下,如图6的(a)所示,再次将开关SW2从导通状态切换为关断状态。在此情况下,为了避免开关SW2的振荡动作,优选使用与前述的阈值V1、I1不同的阈值来判定铅蓄电池32的放电状态。
此外,在前述的说明中,在铅蓄电池32超过预定的阈值而进行放电的情况下,通过将开关SW2从关断状态切换为导通状态来使电气负载组50的电源电压稳定,但并不限于此。例如,如图5中虚线的步骤S20所示,在将开关SW2从关断状态切换为导通状态的同时,还可以中止启动发电机16的动力运行状态。例如,在车辆起步时通过启动发电机16来辅助驱动发动机12的情况下,也可以中止由启动发电机16进行的辅助驱动。由此,能够从锂离子蓄电池31向电气负载组50供应较多的电力,即使是电气负载组50的消耗电力大幅增加的情况下,也能够使车辆用电源装置10的电源电压稳定。应予说明,当然还可以通过降低启动发电机16的动力运行转矩而抑制消耗电力来从锂离子蓄电池31向电气负载组50供应较多的电力。
当然本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在不脱离其主旨的范围内能够进行各种变更。在上述的说明中,作为第一蓄电体而采用锂离子蓄电池31,作为第二蓄电体而采用铅蓄电池32,但是并不限于此,也可以采用其他种类的蓄电池和/或电容器。此外,当然第一蓄电体和第二蓄电体不限于种类不同的蓄电体,也可以是种类相同的蓄电体。此外,在上述的说明中,作为发电电动机而采用本身为ISG的启动发电机16,但是并不限于此,也可以采用本身为混合动力车辆的动力源的马达发电机来作为发电电动机。
在上述的说明中,为了判定铅蓄电池32超过预定的阈值而进行放电的状况,在步骤S13、S15中对端子电压V_Pb和放电电流I_Pb进行判定,但是并不限于此。例如,可以仅基于端子电压V_Pb来判定铅蓄电池32的过度放电状况,还可以仅基于放电电流I_Pb来判定铅蓄电池32的过度放电状况。
在上述的说明中,将主控制器60作为开关控制部而使其发挥功能,但是并不限于此,也可以将蓄电池控制器42等其他控制器作为开关控制部而使其发挥功能。此外,在上述的说明中,在锂离子蓄电池31的负极线37设置有开关SW1,但是并不限于此。例如,如图2中单点划线所示,也可以在锂离子蓄电池31的正极线33设置开关SW1。

Claims (3)

1.一种车辆用电源装置,其特征在于,搭载于车辆,并具备:
第一电源电路,具备与发动机连结的发电电动机和连接于所述发电电动机的第一蓄电体;
第二电源电路,具备与所述第一蓄电体并联连接的第二蓄电体和与所述第二蓄电体连接的电气负载组;
通电开关,在将所述第一电源电路与所述第二电源电路相互连接的导通状态和将所述第一电源电路与所述第二电源电路相互断开的关断状态之间进行切换;以及
开关控制部,在所述发电电动机被控制为动力运行状态的情况下,将所述通电开关从导通状态切换为关断状态,
其中,在将所述通电开关切换成了关断状态的状态下,在所述第二蓄电体超过阈值而进行放电时,所述开关控制部将所述通电开关从关断状态切换为导通状态,
经由被切换为导通状态的所述通电开关将内部电阻比所述第二蓄电体的内部电阻小的所述第一蓄电体连接到所述第二蓄电体所连接的所述电气负载组。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆用电源装置,其特征在于,
所述第二蓄电体超过阈值而进行放电的情况为所述第二蓄电体的放电电流超过电流阈值的情况、和所述第二蓄电体的端子电压低于电压阈值的情况中的至少任一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆用电源装置,其特征在于,
在连接于所述第二蓄电体的所述电气负载组之中,具有消耗电力超过电力阈值的大容量负载,
在所述通电开关被切换为关断状态的状态下,在所述大容量负载工作时,所述开关控制部将所述通电开关从关断状态切换为导通状态。
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