CN107097613B - Low-energy-consumption vehicle - Google Patents
Low-energy-consumption vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN107097613B CN107097613B CN201710346592.6A CN201710346592A CN107097613B CN 107097613 B CN107097613 B CN 107097613B CN 201710346592 A CN201710346592 A CN 201710346592A CN 107097613 B CN107097613 B CN 107097613B
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- NMFHJNAPXOMSRX-PUPDPRJKSA-N [(1r)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[3-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)phenyl]propyl] (2s)-1-[(2s)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)butanoyl]piperidine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C([C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](CC)C=1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C(OC)C=1)C=1C=C(OCCN2CCOCC2)C=CC=1)CC1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 NMFHJNAPXOMSRX-PUPDPRJKSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000036561 sun exposure Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010019345 Heat stroke Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/20—Accessories, e.g. wind deflectors, blinds
- B60J1/2011—Blinds; curtains or screens reducing heat or light intensity
- B60J1/2088—Lamellar or like blinds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
- B60H1/005—Regenerative cooling means, e.g. cold accumulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3201—Cooling devices using absorption or adsorption
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-energy consumption vehicle, which comprises a vehicle body and a sunshade unit, wherein the sunshade unit comprises a sunshade plate made of phase change materials, a flexible connecting piece, an elastic bolt, two opposite plastic strip tracks, a steel rope, a thermistor, an A/D converter, a programmable logic controller and a motor; the plastic strip track is fixedly connected to the vehicle body, the sun shield is embedded in the plastic strip track, the sun shield at the top end is fixedly connected with the vehicle body, and adjacent sun shields are connected through flexible connecting pieces; the steel rope penetrates through the sun shield, and is connected with a power output shaft of the motor; the motor pulls the sun shield to expand or contract through the steel rope; the elastic bolt is positioned in the plastic strip track and is fixedly connected to the upper part of the plastic strip track. In the environment with higher temperature, the energy consumption of an air conditioning system in the starting and running processes of the vehicle is reduced, and the comfort level of personnel in the vehicle is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a vehicle, and in particular to a low energy consumption vehicle.
Background
With the improvement of the living standard of people, the automobile conservation amount is continuously increased, and the requirements of people on the comfort level in the automobile during driving are also continuously improved. Under the condition of intense sun exposure in summer, the temperature in the vehicle can rise rapidly, and people just entering the vehicle feel hot heatstroke, so that the driving comfort is seriously influenced, even if the air conditioning system in the vehicle is started, the temperature is difficult to fall to the comfort temperature in a short time, and the energy consumption of the air conditioning system in the vehicle is increased.
Although products such as sun-shading cloth and sun-shading cover for vehicles are available in the market, the actual sun-shading and cooling effects of the products under the intense sun exposure are not ideal, the sun-shading efficiency is low, and the thermal comfort level of people in the vehicles is seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problems: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a low-energy-consumption vehicle, which reduces the energy consumption in the starting and driving processes of the vehicle and improves the comfort level of personnel in the vehicle in an environment with higher temperature.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the sunshade unit is arranged on the inner side of the vehicle body and comprises a sunshade plate made of phase change materials, a flexible connecting piece, an elastic bolt, two opposite plastic strip tracks, a steel rope, a thermistor, an A/D converter, a programmable logic controller and a motor; the plastic strip track is fixedly connected to the vehicle body, the sun shield is embedded into the plastic strip track, the sun shield at the top end is fixedly connected with the vehicle body, and adjacent sun shields are connected through flexible connecting pieces; the steel rope penetrates through the sun shield, and is connected with a power output shaft of the motor; the motor pulls the sun shield to expand or contract through the steel rope; the elastic bolt is positioned in the plastic strip track and is fixedly connected to the upper part of the plastic strip track; the signal output end of the thermistor is connected with the signal input end of the A/D converter, the signal output end of the A/D converter is connected with the signal input end of the programmable logic controller, and the signal output end of the programmable logic controller is connected with the signal input end of the motor.
As a preferable example, the sunshade unit further comprises a pulley, and the pulley is fixedly connected with the vehicle body; the number of the steel ropes is two, one end of one steel rope is fixedly connected with one end of the sun shield positioned at the bottommost part, and the other end of the steel rope passes through the sun shield from bottom to top and is fixedly connected to a power output shaft of the motor; one end of the other steel rope is fixedly connected with the other end of the sun shield positioned at the bottommost part, and the other end passes through the sun shield from bottom to top and then bypasses the pulley to be fixedly connected to the power output shaft of the motor.
As a preferable example, the sunshade unit further comprises a pulley, and the pulley is fixedly connected with the vehicle body; the steel rope is one, one end of the steel rope is fixedly connected to the left side of the sun shield positioned at the bottommost part, the other end of the steel rope winds around the pulley after being fixed on the power output shaft of the motor, and the steel rope sequentially crosses all sun shields from the right side of the sun shield positioned at the topmost part and finally is fixed to the right side of the sun shield positioned at the bottommost part.
As a preferable example, the programmable logic controller controls the rotation of the motor according to the formula;
wherein, H represents sunshading board along moulding strip track length of moving, unit: m; h max The length of the plastic strip track, namely the maximum moving length of the sun shield, is expressed in units of: m; t (T) max The maximum temperature in units of: the temperature is lower than the temperature; t (T) min Indicating the temperature of the air in the vehicle under comfortable conditions; t represents the measured actual air temperature in the vehicle in units of: DEG C.
As a preferable example, the sunshade units are arranged beside a front windshield, a rear windshield and a vehicle window of the vehicle body; the sunshade unit can cover a front windshield, a rear windshield and a vehicle window.
As a preferred example, the both ends of the sunshading board that is arranged in the bottom among the sunshading board are I-shaped, are equipped with T shape track in the plastic strip track, the sunshading board of bottom and plastic strip track looks adaptation.
As a preferable example, the sun shield comprises a metal layer, a phase change material layer, a reflecting layer and a phase change material layer which are sequentially connected, wherein the phase change material layer is filled with phase change material; when the sun shield is in the unfolded state, the light reflecting layer faces the outer side of the vehicle body.
As a preferred example, the phase change material layer comprises a plastic shell, a grid is arranged in the plastic shell, and the phase change material is filled in the grid.
As a preferable example, the thermistor is fixedly connected to a grille of an air outlet of an air conditioner of the vehicle body.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention can reduce the energy consumption in the starting and driving processes of the vehicle and improve the comfort level of personnel in the vehicle. The vehicle is provided with the sun shield made of the phase change material. The sun shield can absorb solar radiation heat to generate solid-liquid phase transition, so as to inhibit the temperature rise in the vehicle. When the air conditioner in the vehicle runs, the temperature in the vehicle is lower than the melting point temperature of the phase change material, the phase change material is subjected to liquid-solid conversion, and the cold energy generated by the air conditioning system is stored by the material. When the temperature is higher than the melting point temperature, the cold energy is released, so that the temperature rise of the space in the vehicle is effectively slowed down, and the peak clipping effect of the air conditioning system in the vehicle is achieved. In addition, in the vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention, the sunshade unit is arranged on the inner side of the vehicle body, so that the structure is more compact on the premise of basically not occupying the space in the vehicle, and better sunshade and energy-saving effects are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sunshade unit in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a plastic strip track in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an assembly of a visor and a plastic strip rail in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an assembly of a steel cord, shade, motor and pulley in an embodiment of the present invention;
the drawings are as follows: the sun visor 1, the flexible connecting piece 2, the elastic bolt 3, the plastic track 4, the steel rope 5, the thermistor 6, the A/D converter 7, the programmable logic controller 8, the motor 9, the pulley 10 and the car body 11.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a low-power consumption vehicle of an embodiment of the present invention includes a vehicle body 11 and a sunshade unit. The sunshade unit is arranged inside the vehicle body 11. The sunshade unit comprises a sunshade plate 1 made of phase change materials, a flexible connecting piece 2, an elastic bolt 3, two opposite plastic strip tracks 4, a steel rope 5, a thermistor 6, an A/D converter 7, a programmable logic controller 8 and a motor 9. The plastic rail 4 is fixedly connected to the vehicle body 11, and the sun visor 1 is embedded in the plastic rail 4. The sun visor 1 positioned at the top end is fixedly connected with the vehicle body 11. Adjacent sun visors 1 are connected through flexible connecting pieces 2. The steel rope 5 passes through the sun shield 1, and the steel rope 5 is connected with a power output shaft of the motor 9. The motor 9 pulls the sun shield 1 through the steel rope 5 to realize expansion or contraction. The elastic bolt 3 is positioned in the plastic strip track 4 and is fixedly connected to the upper part of the plastic strip track 4. The signal output end of the thermistor 6 is connected with the signal input end of the A/D converter 7, the signal output end of the A/D converter 7 is connected with the signal input end of the programmable logic controller 8, and the signal output end of the programmable logic controller 8 is connected with the signal input end of the motor 9.
In the above embodiment, the sunshade unit is disposed inside the vehicle body 11, and may be disposed beside the front windshield, the rear windshield, or the window of the vehicle body 11. The sun-shading unit can cover a front windshield, a rear windshield or a vehicle window. As a preferred example, the sunshade units are respectively disposed beside the front windshield, the rear windshield, and the window of the vehicle body 11. The sun-shading unit can cover the front windshield, the rear windshield and the vehicle window. Therefore, the sunshade effect can be increased, and the energy consumption of the air conditioner can be reduced.
In the sun-shading unit of the above embodiment, adjacent sun-shading plates 1 are connected by a flexible connecting member 2. A plurality of single sunshades 1 are integrally connected by a flexible material 2, and the flexible material 2 is connected in a way that each sunshades can freely move around the flexible material 2, so that the sunshades are easy to fold. Thus, the sun shield 1 can be folded and contracted and can be unfolded on the same surface. The sun visor 1 is made of a phase change material.
When the vehicle is in a high-temperature environment and the ambient temperature of the air in the vehicle, which is acquired by the thermistor 6, is higher than the set ambient temperature, the resistance value of the thermistor 6 changes after being heated, an electric signal is transmitted to the A/D converter 7, the A/D converter 7 converts the electric signal into a digital signal and transmits the digital signal to the programmable logic controller 8, the programmable logic controller 8 calculates the retracting movement distance of the sun visor 1, a control instruction is sent, and the motor 9 receives the control instruction to rotate and control the sun visor 1 to be unfolded. The sun visor 1 is unfolded along the plastic rail 4. When the ambient temperature is higher than the melting point of the phase change material, the phase change material absorbs heat in the vehicle and is converted from a solid state to a liquid state. This process can avoid a further increase in the air temperature in the vehicle, thereby maintaining a relatively comfortable air temperature in the vehicle.
When the in-vehicle air conditioner is operated, the in-vehicle environment temperature gradually decreases. When the ambient temperature of the air in the vehicle, which is collected by the thermistor 6, is lower than the set ambient temperature, the resistance value of the thermistor 6 changes after being heated, an electric signal is transmitted to the A/D converter 7, the A/D converter 7 converts the electric signal into a digital signal and transmits the digital signal to the programmable logic controller 8, the programmable logic controller 8 calculates the retraction movement distance of the sun shield 1, a control instruction is sent out, the motor 9 receives the control instruction to rotate, and the sun shield 1 is controlled to fold and shrink along the original path of the plastic strip track 4. In the process, when the temperature is lower than the melting point of the phase-change material, the phase-change material changes from liquid to solid again, so that partial cold energy supplied by the air conditioner is stored, the temperature rise of the space in the vehicle after the air conditioner stops can be effectively slowed down, and the effect of peak clipping of the load of the air conditioner is achieved.
In the above embodiment, as a preferable structure, the sunshade unit further includes a pulley 10, and the pulley 10 is fixedly connected with the vehicle body 11; the number of the steel ropes 5 is two, one end of one steel rope 5 is fixedly connected with one end of the sun shield 1 positioned at the bottommost part, and the other end of the steel rope passes through the sun shield 1 from bottom to top and is fixedly connected to a power output shaft of the motor 9; one end of the other steel rope 5 is fixedly connected with the other end of the sun shield 1 positioned at the bottommost part, and the other end passes through the sun shield 1 from bottom to top and then bypasses the pulley 10 to be fixedly connected to the power output shaft of the motor 9.
In this preferred structure, when the unfolded sun visor 1 needs to be retracted, the motor 9 is started, and the power output shaft of the motor 9 rotates, so that the steel cord 5 is wound around the power output shaft. Thus, the sun visor 1 is gradually retracted from the unfolded state and is in the folded state. When the sun visor 1 needs to be unfolded, the motor 9 is started, the power output shaft of the motor 9 rotates in the opposite direction, and the steel rope 5 is gradually separated from the power output shaft. When the tensile force of the steel rope 5 acting on the sun visor 1 is larger than the elastic force of the elastic bolt 3, the sun visor 1 is separated from the elastic bolt 3 to block downward movement. Thus, the sun visor 1 is gradually unfolded from the folded state, and plays a role in sun shading.
As another preferable structure, the sunshade unit further comprises a pulley 10, and the pulley 10 is fixedly connected with the vehicle body 11. The steel rope 5 is one, one end of the steel rope 5 is fixedly connected to the left side of the bottommost sunshade plate 1, the other end of the steel rope is wound and fixed on the power output shaft of the motor 9, the steel rope bypasses the pulley 10, and the steel rope sequentially crosses all the sunshade plates 1 from the right side of the topmost sunshade plate 1 and finally is fixed to the right side of the bottommost sunshade plate 1. The preferable structure only uses one steel rope 5, so that synchronous movement of the two ends of the sun shield is easy to realize. As in the previous preferred structure, the conversion of the sun visor 1 between the unfolded state and the folded state is achieved by controlling the rotation direction of the power output shaft of the motor 9 so that the steel cord 5 is in different states of folding and unfolding. Specifically, one end of the steel rope 5 is fixed on the left side of the bottommost sunshade plate 1, the other end of the steel rope is wound on the power output shaft of the motor 9, then the steel rope bypasses the pulley 10, is straightened in the plastic strip track 4 and sequentially crosses all the sunshade plates 1 from the right side of the topmost sunshade plate 1, and finally is fixed on the right side of the bottommost sunshade plate 1. When the motor 9 rotates anticlockwise, the steel rope 5 drives the pulley 10 to rotate anticlockwise, the steel rope 5 at the left end is shortened, the steel rope 5 at the right end is lengthened, and when the elasticity of the spring in the bolt 3 is smaller than the tensile force of the steel rope, the steel rope 5 pulls the phase change material plate 1, so that the phase change material plate 1 and the corresponding windshield and the vehicle window keep parallel to be unfolded; when the motor 9 rotates clockwise, the steel rope 5 drives the pulley 10 to rotate clockwise, the steel rope 5 at the left end grows, the steel rope 5 at the right end shortens, the sun shield 1 is folded, and after the sun shield 1 is folded to the original position, the bolt 3 is not deformed by external pressure any more, so that the sun shield 1 is blocked. When the sun shield is unfolded, the constant tension of the steel rope 5 is larger than the elasticity of the bolt 3, so that the sun shield 1 moves downwards. When folding and retracting, the constant pulling force of the steel rope 5 is larger than the gravity of the sun shield 1, so that the sun shield 1 moves upwards.
In the above embodiment, the programmable logic controller 8 controls the rotation of the motor 9 according to formula (1);
wherein, H represents sunshading board along moulding strip track length of moving, unit: m; h max Indicating the length of the plastic rail, i.e. the maximum movement length of the sun visorDegree, unit: m; t (T) max The maximum temperature in units of: the temperature is lower than the temperature; t (T) min Indicating the temperature of the air in the vehicle under comfortable conditions; t represents the measured actual air temperature in the vehicle in units of: DEG C. Preferably, the T min Is 26 ℃.
The programmable logic controller 8 can realize continuous change of the sun visor 1 according to the temperature change amplitude. At different ambient temperatures, the vehicle interior is maintained in a suitable temperature environment.
In the above embodiment, in order to facilitate the movement of the sun visor 1, two ends of the sun visor 1 located at the bottom end of the sun visor 1 are in an i shape, a T-shaped track is arranged in the plastic strip track 4, and the sun visor 1 at the bottom end is adapted to the plastic strip track 4. The sun visor 1 in the sun visor unit has a plurality of blocks. The sun visor 1 located at the topmost end is fixed to the vehicle body 11 so as not to be movable. The sunshade board 1 at the lowest end is matched with the plastic strip track 4 so as to control the movement of the sunshade board in the middle. By arranging the plastic rail 4, the movement of the sun shield 1 is limited.
In the above embodiment, the sun visor 1 includes a metal layer 101, a phase change material layer 102, a reflective layer 103, and a phase change material filled in the phase change material layer 102, which are sequentially connected; when the sun visor 1 is in the unfolded state, the light reflecting layer 103 faces the vehicle body outside. When the temperature is high and the sun visor 1 is in the unfolded state, external sunlight irradiates on the light reflecting layer 103 first and is reflected out through the light reflecting layer 103. The provision of the light reflecting layer 103 is advantageous in lowering the temperature in the vehicle. The metal layer 101 is arranged, so that rapid heat transfer is facilitated, and heat in the vehicle is timely transferred to the phase change material layer 102. The phase change material layer 102 absorbs heat, and the phase change material contained therein changes from a solid state to a liquid state, thereby storing heat. The sun shield 1 with the structure is beneficial to quickly reducing the temperature in the vehicle.
Since the phase change material layer 102 is switched between the unfolded and folded retracted states, in order to avoid that the phase change material is concentrated to the lower part of the phase change material layer 102 in the unfolded state, the phase change material layer 102 comprises a plastic housing, wherein a grid is arranged, and the phase change material is filled in the grid. In this way, no matter how the position of the phase change material layer 102 changes, the phase change material is always in the grid, which is favorable for the uniform distribution of the phase change material in the phase change material layer 102, so that the phase change material layer 102 can play a good role in heat storage and heat release.
When a driver enters the vehicle, the sun visor 1 positioned at the front windshield needs to be folded and retracted, so that the driver can drive. In order to facilitate quick response, the thermistor 6 is fixedly connected to a grille of an air outlet of the air conditioner of the vehicle body 11. When the vehicle starts, the temperature at the air outlet of the air conditioner is suddenly reduced. Thus, the thermistor 6 at the air outlet timely transmits the acquired temperature information to the programmable logic controller 8, and further controls the sun visor 1 to fold and return.
In the above embodiment, when the temperature of the air in the vehicle is higher than the melting point of the phase-change material in the sun-shading board, the phase-change material absorbs the heat in the vehicle and changes from solid to liquid, so that the temperature of the air in the vehicle is reduced, and the energy consumption of the air conditioner of the vehicle when the air conditioner operates again is reduced. Under the running condition of the air conditioner in the car, when the temperature of the air in the car is lower than the melting point of the phase-change material in the sun shield device, the phase-change material is changed from a liquid state to a solid state again, and a part of cold energy is stored, so that the temperature rise of the space in the car after the air conditioning system stops running and under the condition of sun exposure can be effectively slowed down, and the peak clipping effect on the air load is realized. In addition, in this embodiment, when the sun visor is in a folded state, that is, when not unfolded, there is a gap between the sun visors, and each sun visor can still contact with air, so that a heat storage or cold storage effect can be achieved.
In the above embodiment, when the temperature in the vehicle is in the normal range, the sun visor 1 is folded to be positioned on the upper part of the plastic rail 4 and is propped against the pin 3 to prevent falling.
The unfolded sun visor 1 automatically folds and contracts in the following two cases: firstly, when an automobile is started and an air conditioner in the automobile is started, a thermistor 6 arranged near an air supply port detects the steep increase of the air quantity near the air supply port, and the temperature suddenly drops; secondly, when the automobile is flameout, the temperature in the automobile is reduced to be lower than the set temperature after the phase change material sun visor 1 absorbs certain heat. The motor 9 is again activated and the cyclic counter-rotation created by the steel cord 5 enables the sheet of material to be folded up.
Compared with the traditional vehicle sun shield, the sun shield provided by the invention adopts the phase change material, so that the isothermal heat absorption characteristic of the phase change material can be effectively utilized to improve the sun shield efficiency, the hot feeling of people entering the interior of a vehicle under the sun exposure is eliminated, a good vehicle interior temperature environment is provided for driving, and the human comfort level of a driver and passengers in the vehicle is improved.
A test is provided below to verify that the vehicle of the embodiments of the present invention has low energy consumption.
(1) Reducing the temperature rise effect of air in a vehicle
The volume of a common car is 3m 3 The specific heat capacity of air was known to be 1.0KJ/kg.K and the density was known to be 1.2kg/m 3 . When the phase change material sunshade unit is not installed, the air conditioning load LQ of the car 0 2119W. The phase change enthalpy value of the n-octadecane of the adopted phase change material is about 231KJ/kg, namely, the absorbable heat is 231KJ when each kilogram of n-octadecane is subjected to solid-liquid phase change. The ratio of the heat of absorption of solar radiation to the heat of heat transfer of air is 5:1, under the condition:
from the formula q=cvρΔt, the temperature rise of air in the cabin can be suppressed when solid-liquid phase change of each kilogram of phase change material in the sun visor is:
wherein Q represents the amount of heat per kg of n-octadecane solid-liquid phase which can be absorbed by the air in the vehicle, and the unit is: kJ; c represents the specific heat capacity of air, unit: kJ/(kg. DEG C); v denotes the volume of air in the cabin, unit: m is m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the ρ represents the air density in units of: kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Δt represents the air temperature rise suppression amount in the vehicle cabin, unit: DEG C.
In this example, the total heat absorbed by the solid-liquid phase change is divided into 6 parts, wherein 1 part of the heat comes from the air in the vehicle and the remaining 5 parts of the heat comes from absorbing the solar irradiation radiation. Thus, Q is 231/6.V taking 3m 3 。
According to the calculation, the temperature in the vehicle can be restrained from rising by 11 ℃ under ideal conditions, so that the temperature in the vehicle can be effectively reduced after the sun-shading unit is arranged on the vehicle.
(2) Reducing energy consumption effect of automobile air conditioning system
After the phase change sun shield is added at the windshield, the air conditioning load formed by heat transfer and solar heat collection through the windshield is reduced, and meanwhile, the automobile air conditioning load is further reduced due to the heat absorption effect of the phase change material. The partial loads are as follows:
1) Air conditioner load LQ formed by stable heat transfer of non-transparent enclosure structure of vehicle body 1
LQ t ＝K t F t (t z1 -t n )＝4.57×2.6×(50-25)＝297W
LQ s ＝2K s F s (t z1 -t n )＝2×3.86×2.17×(50-25)＝419W
LQ b ＝K b F b (t z1 -t n )＝1.57×3.33×(50-25)＝131W
Wherein LQ t Cooling load formed for roof heat transfer, unit: w is a metal; LQ (LQ) s Cold load formed for heat transfer to the side of the vehicle body, unit: w is a metal; LQ (LQ) b Cold load formed for heat transfer of the vehicle bottom, unit: w is a metal; k (K) t Heat transfer coefficient of the roof in units of: w/(m) 2 ·K)；K s The heat transfer coefficient of the side surface of the vehicle body is as follows: w/(m) 2 ·K)；K b The heat transfer coefficient of the vehicle bottom is as follows: w/(m) 2 ·K)；F t Heat transfer area for roof, unit: m is m 2 ；F s The heat transfer area of the side surface of the vehicle body is as follows: m is m 2 ；F b The heat transfer area of the vehicle bottom is as follows: m is m 2 ；t z1 Taking the total temperature of the air outside the vehicle body as 50 ℃; t is t n The temperature of the air in the vehicle was 25 ℃.
Thus, the air conditioning load formed by the steady-state heat transfer of the vehicle body non-transparent enclosure is:
LQ 1 ＝LQ t +LQ s +LQ b ＝847W
wherein LQ 1 The unit is the air conditioning load formed by the steady heat transfer of the non-transparent enclosing structure of the vehicle body: w.
2) Air conditioning load LQ formed by steady-state heat transfer of window glass 2
LQ q ＝K q F q (t z2 -t n )＝8.745×0.709×(35-25)＝62W
LQ c ＝2K c F c (t z2 -t n )＝2×8.78×0.894×(35-25)＝157W
LQ h ＝K h F h (t z2 -t n )＝8.86×0.474×(35-25)＝42W
Wherein LQ q Cooling load formed for heat transfer of front windshield, unit: w is a metal; LQ (LQ) c Cold load formed for side window heat transfer, unit: w is a metal; LQ (LQ) h Cooling load formed for heat transfer of rear windshield, unit: w is a metal; k (K) q The heat transfer coefficient of the front windshield is as follows: w/(m) 2 ·K)；K c Heat transfer coefficient of the side window, unit: w/(m) 2 ·K)；K h The heat transfer coefficient of the rear windshield is as follows: w/(m) 2 ·K)；F q The heat transfer area of the front windshield is as follows: m is m 2 ；F c Heat transfer area for side window, unit: m is m 2 ；F h Heat transfer area for rear windshield, unit: m is m 2 ；t z2 Taking 35 ℃ for the comprehensive temperature of the air outside the vehicle window; t is t n The temperature of the air in the vehicle was 25 ℃.
Therefore, after the phase change sun shield is added, the air conditioning load formed by the steady heat transfer of the window glass is as follows:
LQ 2 ＝LQ q +LQ c +LQ h ＝261W
wherein LQ 2 Air conditioning load, unit, formed by steady state heat transfer through the glazing: w.
3) Air conditioning load by solar heat generation of window glass:
since the aluminum foil can be regarded as an opaque material and its transmittance is negligible, an air conditioning load by solar heat formation through the window glass after the phase change material sunshade unit is installed is regarded as 0.
4) Due to the absorption of phase-change materialReduced heat air conditioning load LQ abs ：
The heat absorption quantity and time are approximately linearly changed, the melting heat absorption quantity of the phase change material in unit mass per unit time is 30J/s.kg, and according to the area of a transparent part of a typical household automobile body, the total mass of the phase change material used by each automobile can be estimated to be 20.2kg, so that the total heat absorbed by the phase change material (namely, the air conditioning load reduced due to the heat absorption of the phase change material) is as follows:
LQ abs ＝mq abs ＝20.20×30＝606W
wherein LQ abs The total heat absorbed by the phase change material is as follows: w is a metal; m is the mass of the phase change material, and the unit is: kg; q abs The heat absorbed by the phase change material is in unit mass: w/kg.
Therefore, after the phase-change sun shield is adopted, the load of the air conditioning system is reduced as follows:
ΔQ＝LQ 0 -(LQ 1 +LQ 2 -LQ abs )＝2119-(847+261-606)＝1617W
wherein DeltaQ is the reduction of the load of the air conditioner after the invention is adopted, and the units are as follows: w is a metal; LQ (LQ) 0 The unit is the air conditioning load when the phase change material sunshade unit is not installed: w is a metal; LQ (LQ) 1 The unit is the air conditioning load formed by the steady heat transfer of the non-transparent enclosing structure of the vehicle body: w is a metal; LQ (LQ) 2 Air conditioning load, unit, formed by steady state heat transfer through the glazing: w is a metal; LQ (LQ) abs The unit is the air conditioning load reduced by the heat absorption of the phase change material: w.
Accordingly, the energy consumption that can be saved for the vehicle air conditioning system is:
wherein COP is the coefficient of performance (the ratio of refrigerating capacity to running power) of the automobile air conditioning system, and the value is 2.6.
In conclusion, the vehicle provided by the invention can not only effectively reduce the temperature rise of the air in the vehicle, but also reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioning system of the vehicle.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The low-energy-consumption vehicle comprises a vehicle body (11) and is characterized by further comprising a sunshade unit, wherein the sunshade unit is arranged on the inner side of the vehicle body (11) and comprises a sunshade plate (1) made of a phase change material, a flexible connecting piece (2), an elastic bolt (3), two opposite plastic strip tracks (4), a steel rope (5), a thermistor (6), an A/D converter (7), a programmable logic controller (8) and a motor (9); the plastic strip track (4) is fixedly connected to the vehicle body (11), the sun shield (1) is embedded in the plastic strip track (4), the sun shield (1) at the top end is fixedly connected with the vehicle body (11), and the adjacent sun shields (1) are connected through the flexible connecting piece (2); the steel rope (5) passes through the sun shield (1), and the steel rope (5) is connected with a power output shaft of the motor (9); the motor (9) pulls the sun shield (1) through the steel rope (5) to realize expansion or contraction; the elastic bolt (3) is positioned in the plastic strip track (4) and is fixedly connected to the upper part of the plastic strip track (4);
the signal output end of the thermistor (6) is connected with the signal input end of the A/D converter (7), the signal output end of the A/D converter (7) is connected with the signal input end of the programmable logic controller (8), and the signal output end of the programmable logic controller (8) is connected with the signal input end of the motor (9);
the sun shield (1) comprises a metal layer (101), a phase change material layer (102) and a reflecting layer (103) which are sequentially connected, wherein the phase change material layer (102) is filled with phase change materials; when the sun shield (1) is in an unfolding state, the light reflecting layer (103) faces the outer side of the vehicle body; the metal layer (101) is arranged, heat in the vehicle is timely transferred to the phase-change material layer (102), the phase-change material layer (102) absorbs heat, and the phase-change material contained in the phase-change material is changed from solid state to liquid state, so that heat is stored; when the air conditioner in the vehicle runs, the temperature in the vehicle is lower than the melting point temperature of the phase change material, the phase change material is subjected to liquid-solid conversion, and the cold energy generated by the air conditioning system is stored by the material; when the temperature is higher than the melting point temperature, the cold energy is released, so that the temperature rise of the space in the vehicle is effectively slowed down, and the peak clipping effect of the air conditioning system in the vehicle is achieved.
2. The low energy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the sun-shading unit further comprises a pulley (10), the pulley (10) being fixedly connected with the vehicle body (11); the number of the steel ropes (5) is two, one end of one steel rope (5) is fixedly connected with one end of the sun shield (1) positioned at the bottommost part, and the other end of the steel rope passes through the sun shield (1) from bottom to top and is fixedly connected to a power output shaft of the motor (9); one end of the other steel rope (5) is fixedly connected with the other end of the sun shield (1) positioned at the bottommost part, and the other end passes through the sun shield (1) from bottom to top and then bypasses the pulley (10) to be fixedly connected to the power output shaft of the motor (9).
3. The low energy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the sun-shading unit further comprises a pulley (10), the pulley (10) being fixedly connected with the vehicle body (11); the steel rope (5) is one, one end of the steel rope (5) is fixedly connected to the left side of the sun shield (1) located at the bottommost part, the other end of the steel rope is wound and fixed on a power output shaft of the motor (9), the pulley (10) is bypassed, all sun shields (1) are sequentially crossed from the right side of the sun shield (1) located at the topmost part, and finally the steel rope is fixed to the right side of the sun shield (1) located at the bottommost part.
4. The low energy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the programmable logic controller (8) controls the rotation of the motor (9) according to formula (1);
wherein, H represents sunshading board along moulding strip track length of moving, unit: m; h max The length of the plastic strip track, namely the maximum moving length of the sun shield, is expressed in units of: m; t (T) max The maximum temperature in units of: the temperature is lower than the temperature; t (T) min Indicating the temperature of the air in the vehicle under comfortable conditions; t represents the measured actual air temperature in the vehicle in units of: DEG C.
5. The low energy vehicle of claim 4, wherein said T min Is 26 ℃.
6. The low energy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the sunshade unit is arranged beside a front windshield, a rear windshield and windows of the vehicle body (11); the sunshade unit can cover a front windshield, a rear windshield and a vehicle window.
7. The low-energy-consumption vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the two ends of the sunshade plate (1) positioned at the bottom end of the sunshade plate (1) are in an I shape, a T-shaped track is arranged in the plastic strip track (4), and the sunshade plate (1) positioned at the bottom end is matched with the plastic strip track (4).
8. The low energy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase change material layer (102) comprises a plastic housing, a grid being provided in the plastic housing, the phase change material being filled in the grid.
9. A low energy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermistor (6) is fixedly connected to the grille of the air outlet of the vehicle body (11).
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| JPH0479718U (en) * | 1990-11-27 | 1992-07-10 | ||
| CN101806188A (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2010-08-18 | 重庆大学 | Phase-changing energy storage louver |
| CN201881856U (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2011-06-29 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | Sun shading device for automobile front windshield glass |
| CN202593233U (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-12-12 | 林仁标 | Automotive sun-shading board with observation hole |
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| CN206797077U (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-12-26 | 南京工业大学 | Low-energy-consumption vehicle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE10041709A1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-05-16 | Bos Gmbh | Roller blind control for roller blinds in motor vehicles |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0479718U (en) * | 1990-11-27 | 1992-07-10 | ||
| CN101806188A (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2010-08-18 | 重庆大学 | Phase-changing energy storage louver |
| CN201881856U (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2011-06-29 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | Sun shading device for automobile front windshield glass |
| CN202593233U (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-12-12 | 林仁标 | Automotive sun-shading board with observation hole |
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