CN107077472A - 分布式处理系统 - Google Patents
分布式处理系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107077472A CN107077472A CN201580022068.2A CN201580022068A CN107077472A CN 107077472 A CN107077472 A CN 107077472A CN 201580022068 A CN201580022068 A CN 201580022068A CN 107077472 A CN107077472 A CN 107077472A
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Abstract
所描述的是一种系统,包括队列集群,其包括合作以便与网络的端节点进行通信并在存储器中存储来自端节点的信息的第一网络设备;处理集群,其包括合作以便对来自队列集群的信息执行一个或多个任务的第二网络设备;以及数据库集群,其包括合作以便提供供处理集群使用的储存器的第三网络设备,其中队列集群、处理集群和数据库集群是可连接到外部网络的本地网络的一部分,本地网络包括无线网状网络,并且,对于一个或多个任务,第二网络设备当中的网络设备被选为负责任务执行的领导者。
Description
优先权保护
本申请援引35U.S.C.§119(e)要求于2014年4月2日提交且标题为“WirelessSensor Network”的临时美国专利申请61/973,962、于2014年2月28日提交且标题为“Wireless Sensor Network”的临时美国专利申请61/946,054以及于2014年8月20日提交且标题为“Distributed Processing System”的实用美国专利申请14/464,091的优先权,这些申请的全部内容通过引用被结合于此。
背景技术
本说明书一般而言涉及分布式处理系统。
基于无线传感器网络/无线设备的数据收集和具有基于远程服务器监视和报告生成的控制系统在诸如家庭安全监控、电和水设施仪表监控以及人力和资产跟踪之类的应用中被使用。例如,对于企业和房主来说,具有用于检测在其处所处的警报状况并用于向安全系统的监控站或者被授权的用户发信号通知状况的安全系统是常见的。
发明内容
根据一方面,一种系统包括队列集群,该队列集群包括合作以便与网络的端节点进行通信并在存储器中存储来自端节点的信息的第一网络设备;处理集群,该处理集群包括合作以便对来自队列集群的信息执行一个或多个任务的第二网络设备;以及数据库集群,该数据库集群包括合作以便提供供处理集群使用的储存器的第三网络设备,其中队列集群、处理集群和数据库集群是可连接到外部网络的本地网络的一部分,本地网络包括无线网状网络并且,对于一个或多个任务,第二网络设备当中的网络设备被选为负责任务执行的领导者。
在本说明书中描述的任何两个或更多个特征(包括本发明内容部分)可以被组合以形成未在本文中具体描述的实现。
上述的全部或部分可被实现为由有形地存储在一个或多个非暂时性机器可读存储介质/硬件设备上并在一个或多个处理设备上可执行的指令组成的计算机程序产品。上述的全部或部分可被实现为可以包括一个或多个处理设备和存储可执行指令以实现功能的存储器的装置、方法或网络系统。
一个或多个例子的细节在附图和以下描述中阐述。进一步的特征、方面和优点将通过描述、附图和权利要求书变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1是示例联网安全系统的示意图。
图2是图1的联网安全系统的一部分的框图。
图3是示出用于维护图2的网络部分中的路由表的示例过程的流程图。
图4是用在传感器网络中的示例分布式处理系统的框图。
图5是示出物理服务器在分布式处理系统中执行的不同角色(队列、处理和数据库)的物理服务器的概念图。
图6是示出在分布式处理系统中执行不同的单个角色的物理服务器的概念图。
图7是示出各自在分布式处理系统中执行多个不同角色的不同物理服务器的概念图。
图8是示例联网安全系统的部件的框图。
具体实施方式
本文所描述的是可以在各种背景下使用的网络特征的例子,包括但不限于安全/入侵和警报系统。示例安全系统可以包括被电或无线地连接到各种传感器的入侵检测面板。那些传感器类型可以包括运动检测器、摄像机和接近传感器(例如,用来确定门或窗是否已经被打开或者身体是否已经移动经过或者在接近传感器的感测范围内)。通常,这种系统从这些传感器当中的一个或多个接收相对简单的信号(电气开或关),以指示被监控的特定状况已经改变或变得不安全。
例如,典型的入侵系统可被设置为监控建筑物中的入口门。当门被紧固的时候,接近传感器感测到磁性接触并产生电关闭电路。当门被打开时,接近传感器打开电路,并向面板传送指示警报状况已发生(例如,打开的入口门)的信号。
数据收集系统在诸如家庭安全监控之类的一些应用当中变得越来越普遍。数据收集系统采用无线传感器网络和无线设备,并且可以包括基于远程服务器的监控和报告生成。如下面更详细描述的,无线传感器网络一般使用计算设备之间的有线和无线链路的组合,无线链路通常用于最低级的连接(例如,端节点设备到集线器/网关)。在示例网络中,网络的边缘(无线连接的)层由具有特定功能的资源受限设备组成。这些设备可以具有小至中等的量的处理能力和存储器,并且可以是电池供电的,因此要求它们通过在睡眠模式下花费大量时间来节省能源。典型的模式是在枢纽辐射式(hub-and-spoke-style)体系架构(也被称为星形网络拓扑)中边缘设备一般形成单个无线网络,其中每个端节点直接与其父节点通信。父节点可以是例如网关上的接入点或子协调器,其又连接到接入点或另一个子协调器。
图1示出了用于示例无线传感器网络(WSN)的示例(全局)分布式网络拓扑100。在示例网络拓扑100中,网络的上层101可以包括传统的服务器103和/或在“云计算”环境中运行并利用适当的联网技术(诸如因特网连接)联网的虚拟服务器。在那些服务器上运行的应用可以利用XML/SOAP、REST风格的网络服务、和/或诸如HTTP和ATOM的其它适当的应用层技术来通信。
在示例网络拓扑100中,中间层104可以包括位于各个建筑物和结构内部的中央、方便地点的网关105。这种网关可以利用网络编程技术或其它适当的技术与上层服务器和云应用进行通信。这些网关105利用网络编程技术与上层中的服务器103通信,不管服务器是独立的专用服务器和/或运行云应用的基于云的服务器。中间层网关105也示为既具有局域网(例如,以太网或802.11)又具有蜂窝网络接口。
在示例网络拓扑100中,下层(边缘层)108可以包括全功能传感器节点110(无线设备,在图1中标记为“F”)和受限的无线传感器节点或传感器端节点111(在图1中标记为“C”)。在一些实现中,每个网关可以配备有物理地附连到其的接入点(全功能节点或“F”节点),它为无线网络中的其它节点提供无线连接点。
如本文中所使用的受限的计算设备是比检测系统中的其它计算设备、传感器具有基本上更少的持久性和易失性存储器的设备。目前受限的设备的例子将是那些具有小于大约一兆字节的闪存/持久性存储器以及小于10-20千字节(KB)的RAM/易失性存储器的设备。这些受限的设备以这种方式进行配置;一般是由于成本/物理配置的考虑。
在典型的网络中,网络的边缘(无线连接的)层主要由具有特定功能的高度资源受限的设备组成,这些设备被组织成子网络,每个子网络由充当子协调器(即,子网络的协调器)的全功能无线节点管理。端节点/受限设备具有小至中等的量的处理能力和存储器,并且常常是电池供电的,因此要求它们通过在睡眠模式下花费大量时间来节省能源。典型的模式是在枢纽辐射式(hub-and-spoke-style)体系架构中边缘设备一般形成单个无线网络,其中每个端节点直接与其父节点通信。父节点可以是例如网关上的接入点或子协调器,其又连接到接入点或另一个子协调器。
在示例网络拓扑100中,图1中所示的通信链路(由线113示出)是设备之间的直接(单跳网络层)连接。(可以在图1中所示的三层当中的每一层中起作用的)正式联网层可以使用一系列这些链路,连同适当的路由技术一起,经一定的物理距离从一个设备向另一个发送消息(分段或不分段)。在其它网络拓扑中,每条链路可以表示两个或更多个跳和/或配置可以与图1中所示的不同。
在一些示例实现中,基于WSN状态函数的应用层使用边缘设备操作系统(未示出,但诸如在上面提到的临时申请中所公开的),该边缘设备操作系统允许各个函数的加载和执行(在设备的引导之后)而无需重新引导该设备(所谓的“动态编程”)。在其它实现中,边缘设备可以使用其它操作系统,假定这种系统允许优选地无需边缘设备的重新引导就加载和执行各个函数(在设备的引导之后)。
示例分布式网络拓扑100可以包括诸如无线网状网络的自组织网络或者是其一部分。在一些实现中,分布式网络拓扑100的全部利用无线网状技术实现。在一些实现中,只有分布式网络拓扑100的一部分利用无线网状技术实现。例如,在图1,在一些实现中,上层101可以利用标准的网络技术实现,并且中间层104和下层108可以被实现为一个或多个无线网状网络。在一些实现中,上层101和中间层104可以利用标准的网络技术实现,而下层108可以利用一个或多个无线网状网络实现。例如,不同的无线网状网络可以与每个网关关联,或者单个无线网状网络可以包括图1中所示的全部网关(及其它),以及全部或一些功能和传感器节点。
在一些实现中,无线网状网络是自组织无线网络,其中网络设备本身彼此建立通信链路。通信链路可以通过维护和更新与每个网络设备关联的路由表来建立。在本文描述的示例实现中,无线网状网络可以在作为较大建筑物或企业范围系统的一部分的传感器、功能和/或网关设备之间建立。在例子中,这种设备可被用于在安全/入侵、火灾警报或其它适当的系统中的监控和/或控制。设备从它们的系统向可以包括一个或多个主计算设备的中央监控服务报告状态信息。例如,除了其它计算装备,中央监控服务还可以包括服务器103和/或服务器130。中央监控服务还可以发送控制命令,设备使用这些控制命令用于配置和/或控制。
图2示出了本文描述的过程可以在其上实现的示例无线网络200的部件。在本文描述的实现中,无线网络200是无线网状网络,并且可以是图1中所示的更大网络的一部分。但是,在其它实现中,本文描述的过程可以利用其它类型的网络执行。
无线网络200可以是异构网络,其中无线网络100上的设备不执行相同的功能,或者可以是同构网络,其中无线网络100上的设备执行相同的功能或基本相同的功能。无线网络100包括节点201至205,其可以是或可以不是网络上的端点设备,诸如传感器、监视器等。通常,节点和网络之间的主连接是无线的;但是,节点201至205中的一个或多个还可以包括到网络200的有线连接。
无线网络200还包括协调器设备210至212,其可以是网络上的中间设备。在本文描述的示例实现中,协调器设备,例如协调器设备210,其在联网层中的角色是充当路由器或中继器(repeater)来沿着通过无线网络200的路径转发由例如节点201或节点204的节点(不必是直接连接的节点),或者由例如协调器211的另一个协调器设备发送的数据分组(packet)。协调器210-212彼此通信,以维护和更新用于启用设备之间的通信的路由信息,并考虑网络200中的变化。协调器设备存储路由信息,诸如沿着到数据分组的预期目的地的网络路径的下一跳(hop),以及在返回路径上的跳。这个信息被存储在对应协调器设备上或者对应协调器设备以其他方式可访问的存储器中的一个或多个本地路由表(例如,本地路由表206、207、208)当中。在一些实现中,节点也可以包括一个或多个这种路由表,尤其是如果节点是网络通路或可以变成网络通路的一部分的话。本文描述的过程可被用来构建和更新那些路由表,连同任何其它适当的网络设备上的路由表一起。
节点201至205和协调器设备210至212可以经由射频(RF)链路利用一个或多个任何适当的无线协议来通信。无线网络200还可以包括与图2的设备交互的其它类型的设备(未示出),诸如计算机、基站、或嵌入式处理设备。
节点201至205可以各自是网络数据的源或目的地。在一些实现中,节点构成或者是一个或多个传感器或控制设备。传感器是物理系统(诸如警报系统或安全系统)的一部分,如上面所指出的,并且感测或监控物理量,诸如温度、移动等等。作为这种感测的结果,节点获取模拟和/或数字信号,并且将对应于这些信号的数据分组经由无线网络200传送到适当的设备。天线(未示出)被包括在每个端点设备上以启用传输。天线也被包括在网络中的其它无线设备上。
多个网状网络可以占据相同的物理空间。用于这种网络的数据分组可以通过例如网络组标识符(ID)来区分。因此,网络保持逻辑上分离,即使它们占据相同的物理空间。
无线网状网络通常由发起到一个或多个其它预期网络设备的通信的一个或多个预期网络设备建立。例如,第一预期网络设备(诸如节点202)可以输出识别第一设备(节点202)并尝试定位在第一设备(节点202)的RF附近范围内的、第一设备可以与其连接的其它设备的分组。在那个附近范围中的第二预期网络设备(诸如协调器设备210)可以作出响应并且将其自身识别为可用于连接到第一设备的设备。然后,这两个设备可以通过适当的往返通信建立连接。这个一般的过程或(一个或多个)其它像它的过程可以由这两个设备或由其它设备重复,直到形成网状网络。通常,其中至少一个设备最初与基站通信或者与到中央监控服务的其他有线连接通信,从而在无线网状网络和中央监控服务之间启用连接。在连接到无线网络时,贯穿整个无线网络的路由表可以被更新。
设备可以以上述方式或者以任何其它适当的方式进入无线网状网络,例如变成其一部分。同样,设备也可以离开无线网状网络。例如,设备可以被停用或掉电,从而使设备离开网络。在一些情况下,单个设备的丢失可能会影响到网络上的众多其它设备的通信。例如,单个设备可以是到众多其它设备的通信经过的主通路。其结果是,那个设备的丢失也中断了那条主路径,从而使通过无线网状网络的通信的重新路由成为必需。这种重新路由会影响节点和协调器中的路由表的内容。
本文描述的示例过程启用数据分组通过例如由于设备进入网络或离开网络造成的变化的网络环境的路由。这是通过更新跨网络中的全部或一些路由节点分布的可配置的路由表来进行的。该过程可以在任何尺寸的无线网状网络上使用;但是,与诸如因特网之类的大型广域网相比,它们可以对小到中等尺寸的网络具有特别的适用性。
下面的实现是无线网状网络200中的基于通过节点201和协调器210、211的分组传输来更新路由表。
参考图3的流程图,在这个示例实现中,节点(诸如节点201)连接(301)到网络(诸如网络200)。这种连接可以以任何适当的方式利用一个或多个过程实现,例如,通过到协调器210的适当通信。作为响应,节点已连接到的第一协调器(诸如协调器210)生成并传送(302)路由分组,该路由分组在其网格报头(分组中为路由信息保留的一部分)中包含协调器的短地址、节点的短地址和为零的路由计数值。在这个例子中,路由分组被传送,以便向在第一协调器的RF附近范围中的其它设备(例如,协调器)告知(advise)节点向网络的添加。路由分组中的信息是第一协调器预先已知的或者通过与节点的通信获得的。在这个示例实现中,短地址是2字节/16位随机、唯一指派的数字,其识别网络内的设备(或者节点、协调器,或者另一网络设备)。在其它实现中,短地址可以由任何其它适当的节点和/或协调器识别信息代替。路由计数是在每个节点(跳)处递增的值,并且如下所述被使用。
第二协调器,诸如协调器211,从协调器210接收(303)路由分组。协调器211检查其路由表条目,以确定来自路由分组的信息是否已经存在于路由表中。如果那个信息还不存在(在这个点处它不应当存在),则协调器211在其路由表207中记录(例如,存储)(304)包括协调器210的短地址、节点201的短地址和被递增一的路由计数(路由计数在协调器210处被设置为零)的路由条目。这个路由条目可由协调器211用来向节点201/从节点201路由数据。
路由表207还为路由表207中的每个路由条目存储“到期计数”和“轮询计数”。该到期计数是对应于(例如,等于)路由条目在从路由表被删除之前将被检查的最大次数的值。该轮询计数是对应于(例如,等于)路由表条目在用于那个条目的路由信息被重新传送之前将被设备检查的最大次数的值。用于到期计数和轮询计数的值或者由协调器通过网络传播或者被硬编码到每个设备的路由表中。其它布置是可能的。路由表的每个条目可以包括对应于到期计数和对应于轮询计数的计数器。这些计数器在每次对应的路由表条目被检查的时候递增一。对应的计数器值与到期计数和轮询计数进行比较,并且比较的结果如下所述被使用。
协调器211执行检查,以确定递增一的路由计数是否超过存储在路由表207中的最大计数。在这个示例实现中,最大计数是对应于(例如,等于)分组将通过其被路由的跳的最大数量的数字。
如果路由计数不满足或超过最大计数,则协调器211向在其RF附近范围内的其它协调器(诸如协调器212)传送(305)路由分组。否则,如果路由计数满足或超过最大计数,则路由分组不被传送。在这方面,如果路由计数满足或超过最大计数,则最大跳数在协调器211处被达到。因此,路由分组的进一步传输不被允许,这就是路由分组不被传送到网络上的另一个设备(例如,协调器)的原因。用于每个路由表条目的路由计数可被存储在路由表中。
当协调器211检查其路由表207的条目时,用于路由表207中的条目的对应到期计数器和轮询计数器各自递增一,如上所述。如果到期计数值达到所存储的到期计数,则路由表中的对应条目被删除(306)。如所指出的,到期计数是对应于(例如,等于)路由条目在从路由表被删除之前将被检查的最大次数的值。一般而言,到期计数被用来调整由于例如节点移动进入或移动出网络而造成的网络的配置。如果达到到期计数,则基于条目可能不再有效的假设,对应的路由条目被删除。值得注意的是,不执行检查来确定条目是否仍然有效。相反,条目被假设不再有效,并且被删除。因此,系统迫使网络在一定次数的检查(查找)之后重新建立路由通路,由此减少路由表中潜在无效的路由的数目。
如果轮询计数值达到所存储的轮询计数并且用于对应路由表条目的路由计数具有零值(例如,设备是协调器,以生成路由分组,并且因此第一协调器传送路由分组),则用于那个条目的路由信息被重新传送(307)。这允许在整个网络中从源设备开始的路由表条目的定期更新。
协调器使用以上述方式建立和维护的路由表在正常的网络操作期间路由数据分组。例如,当协调器(例如,协调器211)接收到在网格报头中具有协调器的短地址的规则的(例如,非路由)数据分组时,协调器使用目的地的短地址(也在网格报头中发现)检查,并且如果可用的话,识别路由表中的对应值。值可以是例如在到数据分组的目的地的网络路径上的一个或多个设备的地址。在这个例子中,协调器211执行检查,并且从其路由表207获得值。然后,协调器使用从其路由表获得的值来重新寻址分组的网格报头,以便将分组转发到其目的地。如果计数在表中为零,则协调器在网格报头中填充目的地地址而不是在发送分组之前的协调器地址。
节点一般地和协调器节点具体地可以利用任何适当类型的计算设备(诸如大型机工作站、个人计算机、服务器、便携式计算设备或任何其它类型的能够执行指令、连接到网络并通过网络转发数据分组的智能设备)来实现。节点一般地和协调器节点具体地可以执行任何适当的计算机程序,以生成、接收和传送数据分组以供在网络上使用。感测和控制节点或“端节点”是如本文所使用的类型的“节点”。网络中的一些物理“节点”可以同时既支持“协调器功能”又支持“感测和控制功能”。在一些实现中,单个物理设备可以容纳“感测节点”和子协调器二者的功能。
节点201至205和协调器210至212当中的每一个可以包括一个或多个非暂时性机器可读介质,诸如计算机存储器(未示出),以存储可执行指令。这些设备中每一个还可以包括用于执行指令以便执行本文描述的全部或部分功能的一个或多个处理设备(例如,微处理器、可编程逻辑器、专用集成电路,等等)。在一些实现中,节点201至205的结构可以大致与协调器210至212的结构相同。在其它实现中情况可能不是这样,例如,它们的结构可能不同。但是,每个设备是可编程的,以实现适当的功能。
本文所描述的不同实现的元件可以被组合,以形成未在上面具体阐述的其它实施例。元件可被排除在本文所描述的结构之外,而不会不利地影响它们的操作。此外,各种分开的元件可被组合到一个或多个独立的元件中,以执行本文所描述的功能。
例如,图1至3的WSN的非限制性应用是在安装在诸如一个或多个住宅或(一个或多个)建筑物之类的一个或多个处所当中并且尤其在例如商业、工业、建筑物、复合体当中的、用于入侵检测、火灾、有毒气体监控等的安全系统中。
在一些典型的入侵检测系统实现中,包括入侵检测面板,而在其它实现中,包括更复杂的管理系统。传感器/检测器可以在整个处所中分散。入侵检测系统可以经由一个或多个数据或通信网络(仅示出一个)(诸如因特网、电话系统或蜂窝通信系统)与中央监控站(也被称为中央监控中心)进行通信。
入侵检测面板可被配置为从多个检测器/传感器接收信号,这些检测器/传感器向入侵检测面板发送关于被监控的处所的状态的信息。几种类型的传感器/检测器可以被使用(除非另有说明,否则在本文中可互换使用)。一种类型的检测器是发送指示事件的存在或不存在的二进制信号的检测器。这些类型的检测器的例子包括玻璃破碎检测器和接触开关。另一种类型的检测器发送元数据,其中元数据包括从检测器向输入(例如,由传感器接收的原始数据)应用的处理得到的信息。这些类型的检测器的例子可以包括麦克风、运动检测器、智能开关和摄像机、识别设备等等。
一些检测器和传感器可以是硬连线的,但一般而言检测器与系统经WSN无线地通信。一般而言,检测器感测玻璃破碎、运动、气体泄漏、火灾和/或入口点的破坏,并且根据需要和视情况经WSN发送感测到的信息。基于从检测器接收到的信息,入侵检测面板确定是否触发警报,例如,通过触发处所的一个或多个警报器(未示出)和/或向监控站发送警报消息。
如以上关于图1至3描述的,WSN可以包括能够运载分组和/或交换流量的有线和无线链路的任意组合,可以跨多个运营商和宽地理范围,并且可以具有上面讨论的特征。在示例实现中,WSN的部分可以包括因特网。在另一实现中,WSN可以包括一个或多个无线链路,并且可以包括无线数据网络,例如,利用诸如2G、3G、4G或LTE蜂窝数据网络的塔。面板可以通过以太网交换机或路由器(未示出)的方式与网络通信。面板可以包括以太网或类似的接口,其可以是有线的或无线的。有可能将面板与数据网络互连的其他的网络组件(诸如接入点、路由器、交换机、DSL调制解调器等)未示出。
一个或多个网关和/或上述其它网络设备的功能可以在各种设备当中分布,如下所述。
在这方面,在联网背景中,术语“云”可以包括各种各样驻留在由用户管理或控制的硬件之外的服务和应用。有几种示出这个概念的场景,诸如其中用户访问网络应用的网站,或者其中数据库驻留在集中式或分布式外部位置中而不是在用户的计算机上的在线库。用于这种范例的传统体系架构通常是用户界面(UI),其中外部用户经由应用程序接口(API)连接到某种类型的数据库以管理信息。用户界面经由API向云服务器提交请求。通常,这些请求中的每一个由在基于云的服务器上运行而不是在用户的计算机中运行的、被称为“代理”或“工人(worker)”的模块化程序处理。这些代理可以执行由用户指派的任务,例如,查询数据库或执行涉及数据和用户输入的复杂操作。
设备连接中的新范例已经在过去的几年间出现。例如,嵌在设备中的微处理器越来越多地变得连接到因特网,使得它们可以独立地向远程位置提供关于设备性能或操作特性的数据。这些设备当中的许多,诸如驻留在建筑物中的温度控制器、烟雾检测器或照明控制开关,可以被无线地连接到建筑物网络,称为无线传感器网络(例如,无线网状网络),并经由被称为网关的数据聚合和监控设备连接到外部网络。在一些例子中,网关收集和聚合数据,使得它可以被转发到云。
诸如温度控制器、烟雾检测器或照明控制开关之类的设备是端节点或者被连接到端节点,端节点可以是读取传感器数据并利用一个或多个消息路由跳经由传感器网络连接到网关的设备。网关聚合来自这些端节点的数据,并将那种数据发送到“云”服务器。云可以包括保存信息并能够对用户请求作出响应的外部服务器或服务器集群。云还可以具有规则、工人和代理,寻找(例如,监控)触发特定动作的特定条件。
如果网关失去与“云”服务器的通信,则系统的功能可能会降级至其中节点变为被隔离的点。每个网关可以继续在本地保存传感器数据,直到本地存储器满。系统的能力可能会被这种隔离减小并且数据本身将不执行动作。例如,在发生火灾的情况下门将不会打开,因为规则和决定是在云中作出的。
因此,建筑物可以包含几十个网关和数以千计的端节点设备,但没有到云的连接,所以没有动作将要发生。这种情况的其中一个原因是体系架构的复杂性和可伸缩性。因而,本文描述的是提供存在于典型云体系架构中的可伸缩性和复制的本地体系架构的例子,但它可在网关和本地传感器网络的更资源受限的系统上部署。因此,在一些实现中,云系统的可伸缩性可以被复制并扩展,使得云体系架构的可伸缩性可以本地在现场位置被复制。在典型云体系架构需求中找到的数据库、规则引擎、工人、代理和队列也可以利用本文所述的分布式体系架构本地实现(例如,在传感器网络中)。因为过程和分布式体系架构具有伸缩的能力,所以像网关的相对简单的设备可以包含在“云”中存在的能力的全部(或至少其子集)。其结果是,在一些情况下,“云”的功能可以继续在一个或多个网关中本地地操作,尽管没有到外部云的连接。
如上面所指出的,在这个例子中,分布式体系架构是可伸缩的,这意味着它可以在一个设备中或者在网络中数千设备中部署。在一些例子中,分布式体系架构允许向集群添加节点并且不包括单点故障。在这个例子中,集群包括多个设备,其可被配置(例如,被编程)为合作以实现特定的功能。
在一些实现中,不需要到外部云的连接,或者在到云的连接发生故障的情况下,本文所述的示例过程允许网关或网关的集合在它们当中,例如,在一个或多个分布式本地数据库中,记录(log)信息。这允许一个或多个网关利用在网关当中分布的规则引擎作决定。这个示例分布式体系架构的特征是,只要单个网关继续运行,云功能就继续在网关当中本地操作。在一些实现中,这是由于分布式体系架构的分布并且因为分布式体系架构具有冗余功能并且因此不存在单点故障。
图4示出了本文所述的分布式体系架构400的示例实现的图。该图的第一个方框(方框A)401表示分布式队列集群(系统)。在这个例子中,队列集群包括合作以便与网络的端节点(例如,图1的节点111)进行通信并在存储器(例如,一个或多个硬件存储设备)中存储来自端节点的信息的多个网络设备。在操作中,由消息表示的通信来自在传感器(例如,无线网状)网络的端节点处捕获的传感器数据。通信被存储在队列集群中的一个或多个设备中。在这个例子中,队列集群内的每个节点向外部世界呈现REST风格的API。REST风格的API的目的在于去耦,并且允许,任何用户与系统以良好定义的接口进行通信,从而避免例如用户或端设备知道队列集群的本机语言的需求。这个集群或任何集群包括集群的节点之间的适当通信通道。
图4上的第二个方框(方框B)402表示示例分布式并行处理集群(系统)。在这个例子中,处理集群包括合作以便对来自队列集群的信息执行一个或多个操作的多个网络设备。在这个例子中,这个系统不呈现单点故障并且所有节点扮演着相同或相似的角色。在这个例子中,不存在主节点或从节点。但是,在一些实现中,存在被选择用于在处理集群中执行的一个或多个任务(例如,每个任务)的领导者节点。领导者节点主要负责给定任务的执行,无论它是领导者节点本身的执行还是在一个或多个其它节点当中的执行的协调。当领导者发生故障时,其它节点协商为特定的任务选择新的领导者。这种分布式并行系统接收任务或指派,并且可以执行有限的任务或无限的任务或者直到特定条件发生。
在这个例子中包括作用于接收到的数据的一组规则的工人(未示出)可以根据复制因子或者按需分布到集群内的节点上。当处理集群402确定工人超载时,在这种实现中,处理集群402自动地在本地节点的集群内发起工人的更多实例。在一些实现中,上限(例如,实例的最大数目)是在向集群提交或任命工人时在配置参数中定义的。在一些实现中,除非由硬件的限制限定,不存在上限。工人可以从队列集群、从其它工人或者从数据库取得数据。工人在队列集群中在给定的主题下存储其处理的结果,并且在数据库集群中登记(register)结果或者将结果传递给另一个工人。
第三个方框(方框C)403表示无单点故障的示例分布式数据库集群(系统)。数据库集群403包括合作以提供由处理集群使用的储存器的多个网络设备。例如,经处理的数据可以被存储在数据库集群中、数据可以从数据库集群中被检索以供处理,等等。在这个示例实现中,数据集群中的每个节点在集群中扮演着相同的角色(没有主节点没有从节点);数据库数据模型是键-值对;并且唯一键包含与该键相关的一组值。在这个例子中,数据库还包含每个记录的支持复制因子(在键内的值对),以及每个记录对于写和读的支持一致性级别。在这个例子中,这个数据库显露REST风格的API并且当速度成问题时也是本机接口。
上述三种集群方法构成示例基本分布式体系架构400。在本文描述的示例实现中,角色的分离发生在功能级,而不是在服务器级。因而,在本文描述的示例实现中,网络的每个节点可以在任何时间和/或在同一时间变成队列的节点、处理集群的节点、或数据库集群的节点。物理服务器可以在同一时间执行这三个角色,这会导致完全可伸缩性,从一个物理服务器到数百或数千个服务器。
图5-7概念性地示出了不同角色(队列、处理和数据库),不同的物理服务器(包括被实现为服务器或其它计算设备的网关)可以在不同时间执行这些不同角色。图5示出了其中单个网关(例如,图1的网关105)被配置为在同一时间执行三种角色的实现。网关的能力会受其CPU的处理能力以及队列集群和数据库的存储器容量的限制。
图6示出了其中使用几个网关并且集群基于它们执行的角色来定义的实现。例如,在具有三个网关的例子中,每个网关假设不同的角色:一个网关作为数据库操作,另一个作为队列操作,而另一个作为处理器操作。
图7示出了其中三个网关在同一时间作为数据库、队列和处理器操作的另一示例实现。在这个示例实现中,一个网关的故障将不可能对系统造成损害,因为,在这个例子中,其余的两个网关(或者甚至其余的一个网关)可以支持系统。
在这些示例实现中,由于内部网关提供云服务,因此到外部网络(“云”)的连接通常将不会构成故障点。
虽然本文给出的过程是在无线网状网络内和去往/来自诸如因特网之类的外部网络的通信的背景下描述的,但是这些过程可以在任何适当的网络中使用。
在本文描述的示例实现中,队列集群(图4的方框A)、分布式处理集群(图4的方框B)和分布式数据库集群(图4的方框C)可以包括在网络上的多个设备(例如,节点、网关、服务器等)。这些网络设备中每一个可以包括一个或多个处理设备(例如,微处理器、可编程逻辑器、专用集成电路,等等),用于执行指令以执行本文所述其对应功能的全部或部分。在一些实现中,不同设备的结构可以相同或大致相同,或者不同设备的结构可以是不同的。但是,每个设备被编程为具有适当的功能。
本文描述的不同实现的元件可以被组合,以形成未在上面具体阐述的其它实施例。元件可被排除在本文描述的结构之外而不会不利地影响它们的操作。此外,各种分离的元件可以被组合到一个或多个独立的元件中,以执行本文描述的功能。
在示例实现中,本文所述的每个网络设备(例如,包括但不限于服务器、网关、协调器/子协调器以及端节点)可以包括一个或多个非暂时性机器可读介质,诸如计算机存储器(未示出),以存储可执行指令。每个网络设备还可以包括用于执行指令以执行本文所述的其对应功能的全部或部分的一个或多个处理设备(例如,微处理器、可编程逻辑器、专用集成电路,等等)。在一些实现中,不同设备的结构可以相同或大致相同,或者不同设备的结构可以不同。但是,每个设备被编程为具有适当的功能。
图8示出了具有关于图1至7所述的WSN的特征并且具有本文所述的各种功能的安全系统的例子。如图8中所示,相关处理从某些受限节点接收输入(但这些节点也可以是全功能节点)。这些输入可以包括凭证信息和视频信息,并且相关处理可以产生经网络发送的相关结果。背景管理处理从某些受限节点接收输入(但这些节点也可以是全功能节点),例如,凭证信息以及视频和分组信息,并且对于经网络发送的结果执行背景处理。网络支持紧急出口指示器;紧急摄像头以及分布式规则处理和规则引擎/消息处理的操作。范围扩展器与例如网关一起使用,并且,如图所示,实时位置系统从各种传感器(例如,受限的类型)接收输入。服务器经由云计算配置接口到WSN并且一些网络的部分可以作为子网运行。
除了在传感器的范围之内的区域中检测到某物的指示,传感器还提供可被用来评估那个指示可以是什么的详细附加信息,而无需要求入侵检测面板执行对特定传感器的输入的广泛分析。
例如,运动检测器可被配置为分析在房间内移动的温暖主体的热签名,以确定该主体是否是人或宠物的主体。那个分析的结果将是传达关于检测到的主体的信息的消息或数据。因此,各种传感器被用来以适当的组合感测声音、运动、振动、压力、热、图像,等等,以检测在入侵检测面板的真实或通过验证的警报条件。
辨别软件可被用来区分作为人的物体和作为动物的物体;进一步的面部辨别软件可以内置于视频摄像机中并被用来验证周边入侵是辨别出的被授权的个人的结果。这种视频摄像机将包括处理器和存储器和识别软件,以处理视频摄像机(捕获的图像)的输入并产生元数据,以传达关于由视频摄像机捕获的个人的辨别或缺乏该辨别的信息。处理还可以作为替代地或另外地包括关于在由视频摄像机捕获/监控的区域中的个体的特性的信息。因此,依赖于情况,信息将或者是从对传感器的输入执行给出周边入侵的特性的增强的分析的增强的运动检测器和视频摄像机接收到的元对象,或者是从寻求建立物体的辨别的非常复杂的处理得到的元数据。
传感器设备可以集成多个传感器,以生成更复杂的输出,使得入侵检测面板可以利用其处理能力通过建立环境的虚拟图像或签名来执行分析环境的算法,以便作出关于损害的有效性的智能决定。
存储器存储由入侵检测面板的处理器使用的程序指令和数据。存储器可以是随机存取存储器和只读存储器的适当组合,并且可以托管合适的程序指令(例如,固件或操作软件),以及配置和操作数据并且可以被组织为文件系统或其他。所存储的程序指令可以包括用于认证一个或多个用户的一个或多个认证过程。存储在面板的存储器中的程序指令还可以存储软件组件,从而允许网络通信和到数据网络的连接的建立。软件组件可以例如包括因特网协议(IP)栈,以及用于各种接口的驱动器组件,各种接口包括接口和小键盘。适于建立连接并跨网络进行通信的其它软件组件对于普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
存储在存储器中的程序指令,连同配置数据一起,可以控制面板的整体操作。
监控服务器包括一个或多个处理设备(例如,微处理器)、网络接口和存储器(都未示出)。监控服务器可以物理地采取机架安装卡的形式并且可以与一个或多个操作者终端(未示出)通信。示例监控服务器是SURGARDTM SG-System III Virtual,或类似的系统。
每个监控服务器的处理器充当用于每个监控服务器的控制器,并且与每个服务器通信并控制每个服务器的整体操作。处理器可以包括存储器,或者与其通信,其中存储器存储控制监控服务器的整体操作的处理器可执行指令。合适的软件使每个监控服务器能够接收警报并导致适当的动作发生。软件可以包括合适的因特网协议(IP)栈和应用/客户端。
中央监控站的每个监控服务器可以与IP地址和(一个或多个)端口关联,它通过该IP地址与端口与控制面板和/或用户设备进行通信,以处理警报事件等。监控服务器地址可以是静态的,并且因此总是对入侵检测面板识别监控服务器中特定的一个。作为替代,动态地址可以被使用,并且与通过域名服务解析的静态域名相关联。
网络接口卡与网络接口,以接收进入的信号,并且可以例如采取以太网网络接口卡(NIC)的形式。服务器可以是计算机、瘦客户端,等等,接收到的代表警报事件的数据被传递到其,用于由人类操作员处理。监控站还可以包括或访问订户数据库,在数据库引擎的控制下能访问该订户数据库,该订户数据库包括数据库。数据库可以包含对应于到面板(像由监控站提供服务的面板)的各个订户设备/过程的条目。
本文描述的过程的全部或部分及其各种修改(以下称为“过程”)可以至少部分地经由计算机程序产品(即,有形地体现在作为计算机和/或机器可读存储设备的一个或多个有形的物理硬件存储设备中的计算机程序)来实现,用于由数据处理装置(例如可编程处理器、计算机或多个计算机)执行,或者控制其操作。计算机程序可以用任何形式的编程语言编写,包括编译或解释语言,并且它可以以任何形式部署,包括作为独立程序或作为模块、组件、子例程或适合在计算环境中使用的其它单元。计算机程序可被部署成在一个计算机上或在一个站点或者跨多个站点分布并由网络互连的多个计算机上执行。
与实现过程相关联的动作可以由执行一个或多个计算机程序以执行校准过程的功能的一个或多个可编程处理器来执行。过程的全部或部分可被实现为专用逻辑电路系统,例如FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)和/或ASIC(专用集成电路)。
举例来说,适于计算机程序的执行的处理器包括通用和专用微处理器,以及任何类型的数字计算机的任何一个或多个处理器。一般而言,处理器将从只读存储区或随机存取存储区域或两者接收指令和数据。计算机(包括服务器)的元件包括用于执行指令的一个或多个处理器和用于存储指令和数据的一个或多个存储区域设备。一般而言,计算机还将包括一个或多个机器可读存储介质,诸如用于存储数据的大容量存储设备,例如磁、磁光盘或光盘,或者操作耦合到其以便从其接收数据,或将数据传送到其,或两者兼有。
适于体现计算机程序指令和数据的有形的物理硬件存储设备包括所有形式的非易失性储存区域,举例来说,包括半导体存储区域设备,例如EPROM、EEPROM和闪速存储区域设备;磁盘,例如内部硬盘或可移除盘;磁-光盘;及CD-ROM和DVD-ROM盘,和易失性计算机存储器,例如,诸如静态和动态RAM的RAM,以及可擦存储器,例如闪速存储器。
此外,附图中绘出的逻辑流不要求所示出的特定次序或顺序次序才能达到期望的结果。此外,可以提供其它动作,或者动作可以从所描述的流程被去除,并且其它组件可被添加到所描述的系统或从所描述的系统中去除。同样,附图中所绘出的动作可以由不同的实体执行或者被合并。
本文所述的不同实施例的元素可以组合,以形成未在上面具体阐述的其它实施例。元素可被排除在本文所述的过程、计算机程序、网页等等之外,而不会不利地影响它们的操作。此外,各种单独的元素可被组合成一个或多个独立的元素,以执行本文所述的功能。
本文未具体描述的其它实现也在以下权利要求书的范围之内。
Claims (15)
1.一种系统,包括:
队列集群,包括合作以便与网络的端节点进行通信并在存储器中存储来自所述端节点的信息的第一网络设备;
处理集群,包括合作以便对来自所述队列集群的信息执行一个或多个任务的第二网络设备;以及
数据库集群,包括合作以便提供供所述处理集群使用的储存器的第三网络设备;
其中所述队列集群、所述处理集群和所述数据库集群是可连接到外部网络的本地网络的一部分,所述本地网络包括无线网状网络,并且,对于所述一个或多个任务,在第二网络设备当中的网络设备被选为负责任务执行的领导者。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述第一网络设备、所述第二网络设备和所述第三网络设备全都包括至少一些共同的设备。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中联网设备的功能中的至少一些功能在所述队列集群、所述处理集群和所述数据库集群的每一个中是冗余的。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述领导者是第一领导者并且所述处理集群被配置为响应于与所述第一领导者关联的事件而选择第二领导者。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统,其中所述事件包括所述第一领导者的故障。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述处理集群包括跨一个或多个第二网络设备分布的一个或多个工人例程,所述一个或多个工人例程包括用于作用于接收到的数据的一组规则。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统,其中所述处理集群被配置为确定何时所述一个或多个工人例程过载,并且,作为响应,发起一个或多个附加的工人例程。
8.一种计算机程序产品,有形地存储在一个或多个计算机可读的硬件存储设备上,所述计算机程序产品包括指令以用于:
使第一网络设备合作,以形成用于与网络的端节点通信并且在存储器中存储来自所述端节点的信息的队列集群;
使第二网络设备合作,以形成用于对来自所述队列集群的信息执行一个或多个任务的处理集群;以及
使第三网络设备合作,以形成用于提供供所述处理集群使用的储存器的数据库集群;
其中所述队列集群、所述处理集群和所述数据库集群是可连接到外部网络的本地网络的一部分,所述本地网络包括无线网状网络;以及
其中,对于所述一个或多个任务当中的每一个,所述第二网络设备当中的网络设备被选为负责任务执行的领导者。
9.如权利要求8所述的计算机程序产品,其中所述第一网络设备、所述第二网络设备和所述第三网络设备全都包括至少一些共同的设备。
10.如权利要求8所述的计算机程序产品,其中联网设备的功能中的至少一些功能在所述队列集群、所述处理集群和所述数据库集群的每一个中是冗余的。
11.如权利要求8所述的计算机程序产品,其中所述领导者是第一领导者并且所述处理集群被配置为响应于与所述第一领导者关联的事件而选择第二领导者。
12.如权利要求11所述的计算机程序产品,其中所述事件包括所述第一领导者的故障。
13.如权利要求8所述的计算机程序产品,其中所述处理集群包括跨一个或多个第二网络设备分布的一个或多个工人例程,所述一个或多个工人例程包括用于作用于接收到的数据的一组规则。
14.如权利要求13所述的计算机程序产品,其中所述处理集群被配置为确定何时所述一个或多个工人例程过载,并且,作为响应,发起一个或多个附加的工人例程。
15.一种方法,包括:
形成包括第一网络设备的队列集群,所述队列集群与网络的端节点通信并且在存储器中存储来自所述端节点的信息;
形成包括第二网络设备的处理集群,所述处理集群对来自所述队列集群的信息执行一个或多个任务;以及
形成包括第三网络设备的数据库集群,所述数据库集群提供供所述处理集群使用的储存器;
其中所述队列集群、所述处理集群和所述数据库集群是可连接到外部网络的本地网络的一部分,所述本地网络包括无线网状网络;以及
其中,对于所述一个或多个任务的每一个,所述第二网络设备当中的网络设备被选为负责任务执行的领导者。
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