CN106997616B - Three-dimensional imaging method and pyramid three-dimensional imaging device - Google Patents
Three-dimensional imaging method and pyramid three-dimensional imaging device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional imaging method and a pyramid three-dimensional imaging device, wherein the imaging device used by the method comprises an image display device and a pyramid imaging device; the three-dimensional imaging method realized by the imaging device comprises the steps of establishing a three-dimensional numerical model, making an external sphere of the three-dimensional numerical model, establishing a pyramid model in the same space rectangular coordinate system with the external sphere, transforming the pyramid model to wrap the external sphere, overlooking the pyramid model, establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system, correspondingly overturning the three-dimensional numerical model, generating a four-grid image and the like; the pyramid three-dimensional imaging device adopts an imaging mode of high-definition projection equipment, a plane mirror, a holographic projection film and a pyramid structure to realize holographic image display of large-scale engineering numerical analysis, and can display a three-dimensional engineering structure and dynamic evolution, stress analysis and three-dimensional damage processes in a construction process in a three-dimensional holographic mode by matching with a corresponding three-dimensional imaging method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional imaging, in particular to a three-dimensional imaging method and a pyramid three-dimensional imaging device.
Background
With the development of computer technology in recent years, numerical computation becomes the third major scientific tool in scientific research and engineering applications besides experimental and theoretical analysis. The numerical calculation method can not only guide material selection, structural shape optimization and overall scheme and safety factor calculation in the design stage in actual engineering, but also guide selection and optimization of a specific construction method in the construction process, for example, when a tunnel excavation process encounters unfavorable geological conditions, guidance can be provided for next construction through computer calculation analysis, an inducing mechanism of engineering accident disasters is determined through inversion analysis, and a next prevention scheme is performed. The main advantages of numerical calculation are that complex shapes and complex constitutive structures can be considered in the practical engineering problem, and the distribution of physical quantities such as a deformation field, a velocity field and a stress field of a research object can be obtained. In the actual engineering numerical calculation, the largest manpower is mainly concentrated in the pretreatment and post-treatment stages of the model, and the calculation part is mainly completed by a computer, so that the process of establishing and checking the three-dimensional model and post-treating and analyzing the result is more time-consuming and labor-consuming especially for the three-dimensional problem. Most of the current numerical calculation and analysis systems display three-dimensional results in a flat panel display mode, and for the accuracy of building the whole three-dimensional model and the effect analysis of each visual angle, the operation needs to be performed by performing spatial rotation in a model space. The full-virtualization display of the three-dimensional model of the engineering numerical calculation can be mainly performed by means of a three-dimensional display technology, for example, a Virtual Reality (Virtual Reality) mode is performed by means of wearing a display helmet, however, the price of the helmet display is generally high, the helmet display is not suitable for being worn for a long time, and the support of multiple users is quite insufficient, and the multi-angle real-time coordinated observation and analysis of the same object by multiple user groups are difficult to simultaneously meet.
The three-dimensional holographic technology is a three-dimensional display technology developed in recent years, and has a plurality of outstanding advantages, such as no need of wearing a helmet display, no limitation of use time, and convenience for simultaneous observation and analysis of large-scale teams, thereby enhancing team cooperation and coordination and overcoming complex problems. The traditional holography has high requirements on photo shooting, needs to apply a professional holography photographing system and is high in cost. The three-dimensional holographic generating method based on the computer three-dimensional graph technology is low in cost, and the three-dimensional holographic picture can be conveniently manufactured by utilizing the three-dimensional graph calculating performance of the high-performance graph workstation. The most widely used and most economical method among the methods is the pyramid holographic display technology, also called pseudo-holographic display, which is simple in material and process, low in maintenance cost and suitable for engineering projects with high cost control requirements, and the three-dimensional holographic display module of the system adopts a similar principle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional imaging method suitable for various fields.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a pyramid three-dimensional imaging device with a simple structural layout.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an imaging device used by the method comprises an image display device and a pyramid imaging device; the display device is arranged above the pyramid imaging device; the pyramid imaging device is formed by sequentially joining four identical isosceles triangle transparent plates through side edges; wherein the vertex angle of each isosceles triangle transparent plate is 70.5 degrees; the included angle between each isosceles triangle transparent plate and the bottom surface of the pyramid imaging device is 45 degrees; in addition, the pyramid imaging device can also be formed by sequentially joining four identical isosceles trapezoid transparent plates through bevel edges; however, when the structure is selected and the device is subsequently described in terms of coordinates, the vertex coordinates are coordinates of a virtual vertex formed by the upward extension of the device.
The three-dimensional imaging method realized by the imaging device comprises the following steps:
s1, generating a three-dimensional numerical model in a ratio of 1:1 relative to the target object according to the known data;
s2, making an external ball of the three-dimensional numerical model, and enabling the three-dimensional numerical model to be completely positioned in the external ball, wherein the diameter of the external ball is d;
s3, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system, wherein the spherical center coordinate of the circumscribed ball is (x)1,y1,z1)；
S4, establishing a pyramid model consistent with the pyramid imaging device in the established space rectangular coordinate system, wherein the bottom center point of the pyramid model is located at the origin of the space rectangular coordinate system, the height of the pyramid model is h, and the coordinates of five vertexes of the pyramid model are obtained according to the height h of the pyramid model;
s5, calculating a scaling coefficient corresponding to the pyramid model according to the height h of the pyramid model and the diameter d of the external ball, so that the internal space of the pyramid model can completely contain the external ball after scaling;
s6, zooming the pyramid model in a space rectangular coordinate system, and translating the pyramid model to the external ball by translation, wherein the external ball is tangent to the bottom surface of the pyramid model, and the contact point of the external ball and the pyramid model is just the bottom surface central point of the pyramid model; wherein the translation vector of the pyramid model is (x)1,y1-d/2,z1)；
S7, the pyramid model with the external ball and the three-dimensional numerical model inside, which is obtained in the step S6, is converted into a overlooking pyramid model, and a plane rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the top vertex of the pyramid model in the step S6 as an origin, wherein the horizontal direction is an x axis, the right direction is a positive direction, the vertical direction is a y axis, and the upward direction is the positive direction; further, when the three-dimensional numerical model under the visual angle is seen along the positive direction of the x axis, the three-dimensional numerical model is turned by 90 degrees along the x axis in a counterclockwise way to obtain a front view of the three-dimensional numerical model, and the three-dimensional numerical model is turned by 90 degrees along the x axis in a clockwise way to obtain a rear view of the three-dimensional numerical model; viewing along the positive direction of the y axis, turning the three-dimensional numerical model under the viewing angle by 90 degrees along the y axis in a counterclockwise way to obtain a right side view of the three-dimensional numerical model, and turning the three-dimensional numerical model by 90 degrees along the y axis in a clockwise way to obtain a left side view of the three-dimensional numerical model;
and S8, combining the front view, the back view, the right side view and the left side view obtained in the step S7 into a two-dimensional view which can be directly used for the image display device to display.
Further, the circumscribed ball diameter d of step S2 is enlarged to 1.1 times the actual circumscribed ball diameter.
Further, the diameter of the external ball is 2h/3, and then the five vertex coordinates of the pyramid model which can completely contain the external ball are respectively as follows:
a pyramid three-dimensional imaging device comprises an image display device and an imaging device; the image display device comprises a high-definition manual zooming projector fixed at the top of a room and a computer arranged on a table; the imaging device comprises a plane mirror, a glass plate covered with a holographic projection film and a pyramid imaging device arranged on a table;
the plane mirror is hoisted on the same horizontal position as the high-definition manual zoom projector through an adjustable lifting rope, and the plane mirror is inclined downwards and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane;
the glass plate covered with the holographic projection film is horizontally arranged below the plane mirror and comprises a horizontally arranged glass plate and the holographic projection film covered on the upper surface of the glass plate;
the pyramid imaging device is arranged below the glass plate covered with the holographic projection film and is formed by sequentially joining four identical isosceles triangle transparent plates through side edges or four identical isosceles trapezoid transparent plates through bevel edges.
Because the space formed by the 'pyramid tip' at the top of the pyramid imaging device is very small, the image formed in the three-dimensional imaging process rarely uses the space, and therefore the pyramid imaging device can remove the top structure according to the proportion of 1: 4; for example, the "tip" of the top 1m of a pyramid three-dimensional imaging device with a height of 4m can be omitted, so that the pyramid imaging device is formed by four identical isosceles trapezoid transparent plates which are sequentially spliced and leaned together through the inclined edges.
Further, the holographic projection film is a dark gray semitransparent holographic projection film; the light transmittance of the glass plate is about 54%, the glass plate is not transparent inside and outside after being coated on the surface of the glass plate, the glass plate is used for indoor projection, images of lens light can be effectively avoided, the imaging effect is clear, and the contrast is good.
Further, the glass plate is common glass or organic glass.
Furthermore, the glass plate covered with the holographic projection film is horizontally arranged in a hollow shielding frame, and a shading enclosure with the height of 80-100 mm is formed by axially and upwards extending one side edge of the shielding frame.
Further, the transparent plate constituting the pyramid imaging device is made of a colorless transparent film made of various materials, such as a colorless transparent plastic film, or a colorless transparent plate made of various materials, such as a colorless transparent acrylic plate, organic glass, or ordinary glass.
Further, the plane mirror and the shielding frame are hoisted on the roof through at least two adjustable lifting ropes; the projector is hung on the roof through the telescopic support, can be folded when not in use, and does not influence the normal use of the indoor space.
The pyramid three-dimensional imaging device takes a house structure as a main body framework, adopts an imaging mode of high-definition projection equipment, a plane mirror, a holographic projection film and a pyramid structure to realize holographic image display of large-scale engineering numerical analysis, saves a large amount of capital investment on the premise of ensuring a three-dimensional imaging effect compared with a system consisting of a large-size display screen and the pyramid three-dimensional imaging device, and has strong operability and easy realization; the three-dimensional imaging method matched with the three-dimensional imaging system can display the three-dimensional engineering structure and the dynamic evolution, stress analysis and three-dimensional damage processes in the construction process in a three-dimensional holographic mode, and is convenient for experts, engineers, users and the like to obtain and communicate information in the aspects of design scheme selection, structural design, mechanical analysis, safety analysis, fault analysis and the like in a team mode. In addition, the system can be switched between two-dimensional display and three-dimensional display at any time, has strong adaptability, and meets different requirements of different users.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pyramid three-dimensional imaging device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a glass plate covered with a holographic projection film of the pyramid three-dimensional imaging device of the present invention disposed in a shielding frame;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pyramid imaging apparatus of the pyramid three-dimensional imaging apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an expanded structure of a pyramid imaging apparatus of the pyramid three-dimensional imaging apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an imaging principle of the pyramid three-dimensional imaging apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a physical pyramid imaging apparatus in a three-dimensional imaging method according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the front, back, left and right side views obtained by step S7 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a side view of the front, back, left and right side views of an embodiment of the present invention taken at step S7;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a four-bin image layout;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a four-bin image obtained in step S7 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a four-grid image of a cube model generated by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional imaging obtained in the pyramid three-dimensional imaging apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
A three-dimensional imaging method, for example, a simple cube model, wherein the imaging device used in the method, as shown in FIG. 1, includes an image display device and a pyramid imaging device; wherein,
the image display device comprises a high-definition manual zooming projector 3 fixed at the top of a room and a computer arranged on a table 8; in particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
the computer comprises a server 1 and a display 2; the server 1 is connected with the high-definition manual zoom projector 3 through a video data line, the server 1 is connected with the display 2, and images thrown by the high-definition manual zoom projector 3 are controlled through the server 1 and the display 2;
the imaging device comprises plane mirrors 4, a glass plate 5 coated with a holographic projection film and a pyramid imaging device 6 arranged on a table 8, wherein the plane mirrors 4, the glass plate 5 and the pyramid imaging device are sequentially arranged from top to bottom at intervals; in particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
the plane mirror 4 is hoisted on the same horizontal position with the high-definition manual zoom projector 3 through an adjustable lifting rope 7, and the plane mirror 4 is inclined downwards and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane;
the glass plate 5 coated with the holographic projection film is horizontally arranged in a hollow shielding frame 10 and is hung under the plane mirror 4 through an adjustable lifting rope 7 fixed at the edge of the shielding frame 10; wherein, the holographic projection film is a dark gray semitransparent holographic projection film, and is flatly pasted on one surface of a clean glass plate without bubbles; when in use, one side of the holographic projection film is upwards attached, namely the side is arranged opposite to the mirror surface of the plane mirror 4;
as shown in fig. 2, the shielding frame 10 is a rectangular frame made of light opaque aluminum alloy material, and the rectangular frame is divided into two parts, so that the glass plate 5 coated with the holographic projection film can be placed between the rectangular frames and fixed by a buckle 1002; a shading enclosure 1001 with the height of 80-100 mm is formed by axially and upwardly extending one side edge of the shading frame 10, so that the interference of a projector light source on the reflection action of the pyramid imaging device 6 is reduced; the adjustable lifting rope 7 is fixed on the end face of the shading enclosure to adjust the distance between the glass plate 5 coated with the holographic projection film and the plane mirror 4;
the pyramid imaging device 6 is arranged below the glass plate 5 coated with the holographic projection film; considering that the imaging of the pyramid apex part has limitation, the pyramid apex does not image, and the apex part occupying 1/4 height is directly removed when designing the pyramid imaging device 6, so that the pyramid imaging device is formed by sequentially joining four identical isosceles trapezoid transparent plates through side edges; specifically, the virtual vertex angle formed by upward extending the waists at the two sides of each isosceles trapezoid transparent plate is 70.5 degrees; the included angle between each isosceles trapezoid transparent plate and the bottom surface of the pyramid imaging device is 45 degrees;
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the bottom edges of the four isosceles trapezoid transparent plates constituting the pyramid imaging device 6 are respectively fixed at the bottom edges and hinges 12 on the tabletop of the table 8, so that each trapezoid transparent plate is movably connected to the tabletop and can be manually laid down to be a plane or the four trapezoid transparent plates are erected and leaned against each other to form the pyramid imaging device 6; further, in order to facilitate the use of the table top 8 at any time without influencing the table top, four grooves which are matched with the four isosceles trapezoid transparent plates in size and size after being laid down are processed on the table top 8; in addition, a pull ring 11 is arranged at the upper bottom edge of each trapezoidal transparent plate, so that four trapezoidal transparent plates can be conveniently erected and spliced into a trapezoidal table structure, namely a pyramid shape without a vertex angle, and at the moment, each trapezoidal transparent plate is erected and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane; the arrangement height of the pyramid imaging device 6 is adapted to the position of human eyes of an observer;
wherein, the adjustable lifting ropes 7 are respectively used for fixing the arrangement positions of the plane mirror 4 and the shielding frame 10, the other ends of the adjustable lifting ropes are fixed at the top of the room through a lifting rope retracting mechanism, and the adjustable lifting ropes are provided with remote control devices; when the remote control lifting rope is not used, the lifting rope 7 can be adjusted to be retracted upwards through the remote control device, and normal use of indoor space is not influenced.
The actual size and the corresponding distance position of each trapezoidal transparent plate of the plane mirror 4, the glass plate 5 coated with the holographic projection film and the pyramid imaging device 6 are not particularly limited, but should satisfy the following conditions: the size of the plane mirror 4 should meet the requirement that the projection image range of the front-end lens of the high-definition manual zoom projector 3 can still be completely captured by the plane mirror 4 after the plane mirror 4 is inclined by 45 degrees; the size of the holographic projection film is larger than or equal to the range of the picture reflected by the plane mirror 4; the size and the arrangement position of each trapezoidal transparent plate of the pyramid imaging device 6 also need to be satisfied that the trapezoidal transparent plate can completely reflect the image reflected by the holographic projection film; no matter the pyramid imaging device 6 adopts a pyramid shape or a trapezoid table with the pyramid tip removed, the pyramid tip or the trapezoid table of the pyramid imaging device 6 extends upwards to form the pyramid tip, and the pyramid tip is just contacted with the central point of the glass plate 5 covered with the holographic projection film.
Optionally, a common projection screen 9 is further fixed on a wall corresponding to the projection direction of the front end lens of the high-definition manual zoom projector 3, and when the three-dimensional imaging device is not needed, the computer and the projector 3 can be only started to form a normal two-dimensional projection system together with the common projection screen 9.
The three-dimensional imaging method realized by the imaging device comprises the following steps:
s1, generating a three-dimensional numerical model in a ratio of 1:1 relative to the target object in computer three-dimensional drawing software according to known data;
wherein, the computer three-dimensional software can be selected from any one of CAD software, rhinoceros software, 3D Max software and ANSYS software;
s2, making an external ball of the three-dimensional numerical model, and enabling the three-dimensional numerical model to be completely positioned in the external ball; the diameter of the external ball is set as d; then, the diameter of an external sphere is increased to be the diameter D of the ball wrapped by the three-dimensional numerical model, namely the diameter D is 1.1D, namely 1.1 times of the diameter D of the external sphere, so that the pyramid imaging device 6 in the physical space is zoomed and translated to the numerical three-dimensional space, and the three-dimensional numerical model in the external sphere is ensured to be completely sleeved in the pyramid;
s3, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system by adopting a right-hand rule, specifically, setting the horizontal direction as an x-axis, the direction vertical to the horizontal direction as a y-axis and the direction vertical to a screen as a z-axis; further, the circumscribed ball has a center coordinate of (x)1,y1,z1)；
S4, establishing a pyramid model consistent with the pyramid imaging device in the established space rectangular coordinate system, wherein the bottom center point of the pyramid model is located at the origin of the space rectangular coordinate system, the height of the pyramid model is h, and the coordinates of five vertexes of the pyramid model are obtained according to the height h of the pyramid model;
in order to ensure that the cube model is imaged completely in the actual pyramid imaging device, the physical space coordinates are subjected to corresponding zooming operation and translation operation according to the size of the actual pyramid imaging device; therefore, let h be the height of the actual pyramid imaging device, and h' be γ h, where γ is a height scaling factor (0 < γ < 1), which is the maximum height allowed in the vertical direction of the three-dimensional image when the actual pyramid imaging device is used for imaging;
the size of the horizontal plane corresponding to the height h' and the section (square) of the solid pyramid is as follows:
a 2 (1-gamma) h formula (1)
The display area below this section may contain spheres of diameters:
d ═ min (2(1- γ) h, γ h) formula (2)
As can be seen from equation 2, when γ is 2/3, the correspondence may include the sphere maximum, as shown in fig. 6; the coordinates corresponding to the five vertices of the physical pyramid imaging device are:
s5, calculating a scaling coefficient corresponding to the pyramid model to be 3D/2h according to the height h of the pyramid model and the diameter D of the external ball, and enabling the internal space of the pyramid model to completely contain the external ball after scaling;
s6, scaling the pyramid model in a space rectangular coordinate system,
further, with (x)1,y1-D/2,z1) For translating vectors, the pyramid is translatedThe model is translated to the external ball, the external ball is tangent to the bottom surface of the pyramid model, and the contact point of the external ball and the pyramid model is just the bottom surface central point of the pyramid model; the five vertex coordinates of the pyramid model after translation are transformed into:
further simplifying the calculation yields:
the formula (6) is a general applicable general formula for establishing a pyramid model corresponding to the three-dimensional numerical model; in short, when the diameter of the external sphere and the spherical center coordinate of the external sphere corresponding to the three-dimensional numerical model are known, the pyramid model corresponding to the three-dimensional numerical model can be directly obtained.
S7, the pyramid model with the external ball and the three-dimensional numerical model inside, which is obtained in the step S6, is converted into a overlooking pyramid model, and a plane rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the top vertex of the pyramid model in the step S6 as an origin, wherein the horizontal direction is an x axis, the right direction is a positive direction, the vertical direction is a y axis, and the upward direction is the positive direction; further, when the three-dimensional numerical model under the visual angle is seen along the positive direction of the x axis, the three-dimensional numerical model is turned by 90 degrees along the x axis in a counterclockwise way to obtain a front view of the three-dimensional numerical model, and the three-dimensional numerical model is turned by 90 degrees along the x axis in a clockwise way to obtain a rear view of the three-dimensional numerical model; turning the three-dimensional numerical model under the visual angle by 90 degrees along the y axis anticlockwise to obtain a right side view of the three-dimensional numerical model, and turning the three-dimensional numerical model by 90 degrees along the y axis clockwise to obtain a left side view of the three-dimensional numerical model, as shown in the figure, when the three-dimensional numerical model is seen along the positive direction of the y axis;
s8, front view (W) obtained through the step S71) Rear view (W)3) Right side view (W)2) And left side view (W)4) Are combined into a two-dimensional view which can be directly used for the display of the image display device, as shown in fig. 9, 10 and 11; projecting the obtained four-grid image by a projector, and displaying below the deviceFinally, a three-dimensional image of a cube model is displayed on the pyramid imaging apparatus, as shown in fig. 12.
When the pyramid three-dimensional imaging device is used for three-dimensional imaging, the projector 3 is just in the reflection range of the plane mirror 4, light rays are reflected to the holographic projection film, and a four-cell image projected by the projector is presented in the dark gray semi-transparent holographic projection film; through the reflection action of each trapezoidal transparent plate obliquely arranged at 45 degrees of the pyramid imaging device 6, the image reflected to the holographic projection film forms a two-dimensional virtual image which can be recognized by human eyes on a virtual image plane by utilizing the mirror reflection principle, as shown in fig. 5; because the pyramid imaging device 6 is composed of the trapezoidal transparent plates arranged on the front, rear, left and right surfaces, each surface can be reflected to form a virtual image plane, therefore, when the picture projected by the projector 3 is a processed four-grid image, each image of the four-grid image is reflected to the four trapezoidal transparent plates of the pyramid imaging device 6 through the mirror reflection principle to form the front, rear, left and right four surfaces of the object, and finally, a pseudo-holographic three-dimensional virtual image recognized by human eyes is formed in the pyramid imaging device.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the four-grid image is a front view (W) of a three-dimensional figure under a certain viewing angle1) Rear view (W)3) Right side view (W)2) And left side view (W)4) The four images are displayed on a picture plane and are laid out according to the pyramid three-dimensional imaging principle, so that the planes are assembled together to form a three-dimensional virtual image when the four-grid image is reflected to the pyramid imaging device 6 through the mirror reflection principle. In practical operation, the four-grid image of the numerical model is formed by forming the numerical image corresponding to the pyramid in a calculation mechanism and then by a three-dimensional mapping method, and this process can be understood as the inverse process of the pyramid three-dimensional imaging process.
Claims (8)
1. A three-dimensional imaging method is characterized in that an imaging device used by the method comprises an image display device and a pyramid imaging device; the display device is arranged above the pyramid imaging device; the pyramid imaging device is formed by sequentially connecting four identical isosceles triangle transparent plate sides;
the three-dimensional imaging method realized by the imaging device comprises the following steps:
s1, generating a three-dimensional numerical model in a ratio of 1:1 relative to the target object according to the known data;
s2, making an external ball of the three-dimensional numerical model, and enabling the three-dimensional numerical model to be completely positioned in the external ball, wherein the diameter of the external ball is d;
s3, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system, wherein the spherical center coordinate of the circumscribed ball is (x)1,y1,z1)；
S4, establishing a pyramid model consistent with the pyramid imaging device in the established space rectangular coordinate system, wherein the bottom center point of the pyramid model is located at the origin of the space rectangular coordinate system, the height of the pyramid model is h, and the coordinates of five vertexes of the pyramid model are obtained according to the height h of the pyramid model;
s5, calculating a scaling coefficient corresponding to the pyramid model according to the height h of the pyramid model and the diameter d of the external ball, so that the internal space of the pyramid model can completely contain the external ball after scaling;
s6, zooming the pyramid model in a space rectangular coordinate system, and translating the pyramid model to the external ball by translation, wherein the external ball is tangent to the bottom surface of the pyramid model, and the contact point of the external ball and the pyramid model is just the bottom surface central point of the pyramid model; wherein the translation vector of the pyramid model is (x)1,y1-d/2,z1)；
S7, the pyramid model with the external ball and the three-dimensional numerical model inside, which is obtained in the step S6, is converted into a overlooking pyramid model, and a plane rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the top vertex of the pyramid model in the step S6 as an origin, wherein the horizontal direction is an x axis, the right direction is a positive direction, the vertical direction is a y axis, and the upward direction is the positive direction; further, when the three-dimensional numerical model under the visual angle is seen along the positive direction of the x axis, the three-dimensional numerical model is turned by 90 degrees along the x axis in a counterclockwise way to obtain a front view of the three-dimensional numerical model, and the three-dimensional numerical model is turned by 90 degrees along the x axis in a clockwise way to obtain a rear view of the three-dimensional numerical model; viewing along the positive direction of the y axis, turning the three-dimensional numerical model under the viewing angle by 90 degrees along the y axis in a counterclockwise way to obtain a right side view of the three-dimensional numerical model, and turning the three-dimensional numerical model by 90 degrees along the y axis in a clockwise way to obtain a left side view of the three-dimensional numerical model;
and S8, combining the front view, the back view, the right side view and the left side view obtained in the step S7 into a two-dimensional view which can be directly used for the image display device to display.
2. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the circumscribed ball diameter d is enlarged to 1.1 times the actual circumscribed ball diameter.
3. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the circumscribed sphere has a diameter of 2h/3, and the five vertex coordinates of the pyramid model that can fully contain the circumscribed sphere are respectively:
4. a pyramid three-dimensional imaging apparatus for implementing the three-dimensional imaging method of claim 1, comprising an image display apparatus and an imaging apparatus; the image display device comprises a high-definition manual zooming projector (3) fixed at the top of a room and a computer arranged on a table (8); the imaging device comprises a plane mirror (4), a glass plate (5) covered with a holographic projection film and a pyramid imaging device (6) arranged on a table (8); the plane mirror (4) is hoisted on the same horizontal position with the high-definition manual zooming projector (3) through an adjustable lifting rope (7), and the plane mirror (4) is inclined downwards and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane; the glass plate (5) covered with the holographic projection film is horizontally arranged below the plane mirror (4) and comprises a horizontally arranged glass plate and the holographic projection film covered on the upper surface of the glass plate; the pyramid imaging device (6) is arranged below the glass plate (5) covered with the holographic projection film and is formed by sequentially joining four identical isosceles triangle transparent plates through side edges or four identical isosceles trapezoid transparent plates through bevel edges.
5. The pyramidal three-dimensional imaging device of claim 4, wherein said holographic projection film is a dark gray semi-transparent holographic projection film; the glass plate is common glass or organic glass.
6. The pyramid three-dimensional imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the glass plate (5) coated with the holographic projection film is horizontally arranged in a hollow shielding frame (10), and a light shielding fence (1001) with a height of 80-100 mm is formed on one side edge of the shielding frame (10) in an upward extending manner along the axial direction.
7. The pyramidal three-dimensional imaging device according to claim 4, wherein said transparent plate constituting said pyramidal imaging device (6) is made of colorless transparent film or transparent plate made of various materials.
8. The pyramid three-dimensional imaging device according to claim 6, wherein the plane mirror (4) and the shielding frame (10) are hoisted on the roof by at least two adjustable hoisting ropes (7); the projector (3) is hung on the roof through a telescopic support.
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| CN110161827A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-23 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of 3D hologram projecting method and device and equipment based on graphical model |
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| CN116433672B (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2023-08-25 | 山东九思新材料科技有限责任公司 | Silicon wafer surface quality detection method based on image processing |
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