CN106747488B - 经过稳定化的耐火组合物 - Google Patents
经过稳定化的耐火组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106747488B CN106747488B CN201610973754.4A CN201610973754A CN106747488B CN 106747488 B CN106747488 B CN 106747488B CN 201610973754 A CN201610973754 A CN 201610973754A CN 106747488 B CN106747488 B CN 106747488B
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- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Al]=O KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052567 struvite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供一种经过稳定化的耐火组合物,其包括耐火聚集物、一种或多种基质成分和经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子。所述经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子可以包括另一种经过硅酸盐涂布的氢氧化钙、氢氧化镁、氯化钙、碳酸钙、碳酸镁和硫酸钙。合适的硅酸盐涂层包括硅酸钠、硅酸钾、硅酸锂和其混合物。还提供使老化的耐火组合物复原的方法、可凝固组合物和制造经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种经过稳定化的耐火组合物,使老化的耐火组合物复原的方法、可凝固组合物和制造经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的方法。
背景技术
整体式耐火组合物(monolithic refractory composition)用于多种目的,如内衬或修复锅炉和窖炉,以及浇注各种形状。在一些情况下,整体式耐火组合物以干法状态制造,并且接着与水和/或其它液体或溶剂混合以产生稠度与混凝土类似的混合物。此水性或非水性混合物可以接着经由包括(但不限于)泵送、浇注或喷浆(喷射混凝土浇筑,shotcreting)的方法递送到结构、表面或模具形式上。在另一个实例中,整体式耐火材料可以用气动方式输送到与结构相邻的位置,与水或其它液体混合,并且经由喷嘴系统递送到结构表面上。在与水和/或其它液体或溶剂混合之后,在一段时间之后,整体式耐火混合物将凝固或硬化。
耐火组合物的已知问题为硬化特征随其老化的变化。新鲜组合物的表现常常与数周或数月后的组合物不同。通常,组合物的反应性将随着老化而降低,使初始凝固时间变长并且变得不可预测。即使当储存在理想条件下时,湿气将与组合物中的精细组分(例如,气相二氧化硅、铝酸钙水泥、分散剂系统等)反应,导致延迟的硬化时间。老化的影响也难以预测。虽然两种相同耐火组合物的初始凝固时间在制造时将极类似,但随着组合物老化,凝固时间可能显著不同。
在一些情况下,不过几个月后的耐火组合物可能无法在可接受的时间段内凝固(即,硬化)。虽然添加凝固加速剂(如氢氧化钠、磷酸钠、碳酸锂或铝酸钠)可以使老化的组合物硬化,但对于老化的耐火组合物,凝固加速剂的影响可能难以预测。即使添加少量凝固加速剂(如氢氧化钙)仍可能引起组合物太快开始凝固,以使得处理时间(可以在水合组合物太过胶凝或稠化之前将其移动到位的时间量)不可接受地短。
虽然可能存在用于提供具有恰当并恒定凝固时间的耐火组合物的多种装置和技术,但相信在本发明人之前没有人进行或使用如本文所描述的本发明。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种耐火组合物,其包含:(a)耐火聚集物(b)一种或多种基质成分;和(c)经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子。
本发明还提供了一种使老化的耐火组合物复原的方法,其包含以下步骤:向已经老化至少一个月的耐火组合物中添加经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子,和此后将所述耐火组合物与水性液体混合并使混合物凝固。
本发明还提供了一种可凝固的耐火组合物(其包含经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子)。
本发明还提供了一种制造经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的方法,其包含以下步骤:(a)组合Ca(OH)2粒子和硅酸盐水溶液,并且混合持续足以涂布所述粒子的时间段;(b)任选地向步骤(a)的混合物中添加抗结块剂;(c)将所述混合物加热到介于40℃与80℃之间的温度;和(d)使所述Ca(OH)2粒子上的硅酸盐涂层凝结。
附图说明
图1示出了组合物C1的凝固时间,描绘在不添加经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂的情况下,使具有各种老化程度的低水泥可浇注耐火材料凝固的放热曲线图。
图2示出了具有30%涂布粒子的组合物C1的凝固时间,描绘使具有各种老化程度的图1的低水泥可浇注耐火材料凝固的放热曲线图,其中向所述耐火材料中添加具有30重量%硅酸盐涂层的Ca(OH)2粒子。
图3示出了具有20%涂布粒子的组合物C1的凝固时间,描绘使具有各种老化程度的图1的低水泥可浇注耐火材料凝固的放热曲线图,其中向所述耐火材料中添加具有20重量%硅酸盐涂层的Ca(OH)2粒子。
图4示出了具有10%涂布粒子的组合物C1的凝固时间,描绘使具有各种老化程度的图1的低水泥可浇注耐火材料凝固的放热曲线图,其中向所述耐火材料中添加具有10重量%硅酸盐涂层的Ca(OH)2粒子。
图5示出了具有50%涂布粒子的组合物C1的凝固时间,描绘使具有各种老化程度的图1的低水泥可浇注耐火材料凝固的放热曲线图,其中向所述耐火材料中添加具有50重量%硅酸盐涂层的Ca(OH)2粒子。
具体实施方式
以下详细描述仅仅出于使得相关领域中的普通技术人员能够进行和使用本发明的目的来描述本发明实施例的实例。因而,这些实施例的详细描述和说明在本质上纯粹是说明性的,并且决不打算以任何方式限制本发明的范围或其保护范围。也应理解,附图不按比例并且在某些情况下已经忽略细节,所述细节对于理解本发明不是必要的。除非另外指示,否则本文所指示的所有组分百分比都是以重量计。
本发明提供可凝固的耐火组合物,其包含经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子。在一些实施例中,经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子包含经过硅酸盐涂布的氢氧化钙粒子(例如,经过硅酸钠涂布)。在一些情况下,在制造耐火组合物(以干混合物形式)时提供经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子,而在其它情况下,在干混耐火组合物已经老化(例如,老化一个月或更长时间、四个月或更长时间、八个月或更长时间、或甚至10-12个月或更长时间)之后,向所述组合物中添加经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子。在一些实施例中,向干混耐火组合物中添加经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子,所述干混耐火组合物还包括粘合剂(例如铝酸钙水泥)。在替代性实施例中,向干混耐火组合物中添加经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子,所述组合物不包括粘合剂,但在现场与含粘合剂的水溶液组合以便引发凝固。
本发明的实施例提供整体式耐火组合物,其包括经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂(例如氢氧化钙)以便不仅减少初始凝固时间,而且还使组合物在储存期间稳定,以使得所述组合物在可接受的时间段内,即使在长期储存之后仍可凝固。本发明人已经发现,尽管硅酸盐(如硅酸钠)充当一些整体式耐火调配物的凝固加速剂,但当用作例如氢氧化钙粒子上的涂层时,所述硅酸盐涂层将延迟氢氧化钙起作用。因此,耐火组合物的初始凝固时间减少,并且产品老化对凝固时间的影响减弱。尽管新鲜和老化的组合物两者的初始凝固时间减少,但新鲜与老化的组合物之间的初始凝固时间差值减小。因此,凝固时间更可预测并恒定。
虽然可以在制造时向耐火组合物中添加经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂,但本发明人也已经发现,即使在向老化的耐火组合物中添加经过硅酸盐涂布的加速剂时也实现类似效果。此额外发现提供一种用于使在其它情况下不在可接受的时间量内凝固的老化组合物复原的方法。
本文所描述的稳定化凝固加速剂可以并入多种已知的和下文研发的整体式耐火组合物中,包括(但不限于)常规的(“普通的”)低水泥(low-cement)、超低水泥(ultra-lowcement)和无水泥(“非水泥型”)整体。如所属领域的技术人员已知并且如在ASTM C-401中所阐述的,常规的(或普通的)耐火组合物的总CaO含量在煅烧基础上大于2.5%(以重量计);低水泥耐火组合物的总CaO含量在煅烧基础上大于1.0%,最多2.5%;超低水泥耐火组合物的总CaO含量在煅烧基础上大于0.2%,最多1.0%(以重量计);并且非水泥型耐火组合物的总计CaO含量在煅烧基础上不超过0.2%。
本文所描述的稳定化凝固加速剂可以并入需要用于流动的振动(vibration)的可浇注组合物以及具有自流动的稠度(consistency)的可浇注组合物中。本文所描述的稳定化凝固加速剂也可以并入可喷涂组合物中,包括可喷射组合物(即,被设计成用于在排出之前与在喷嘴处射出的液体(例如水)以气动方式施用的组合物)和喷浆组合物(即,被设计成用于与液体(例如水)混合,并且接着泵送到喷嘴以用于气动排出的组合物)。稳定化凝固加速剂不改变通常用于这些整体式耐火组合物的施用、固化和烧制工艺。
整体式耐火组合物包含预混合的干粒状系统,其含有稳定化凝固加速剂以及粗糙颗粒(即,耐火聚集物)、基质成分(即,精细填充剂)和(在一些情况下)一种或多种添加剂(混合剂,admixture)。还需要包括于干混合物中或在使用时向干混合物中添加(即,在即将使用之前与干混合物混合)的粘合剂。所用各种原材料将取决于最终硬化产品的所需物理和化学特性而变化。
多种水硬性粘合剂(即,与水反应并硬化的粘合剂)和非水硬性(化学)粘合剂中的任一种可以用于本发明的耐火组合物中。粘合剂为烧制之前的组合物提供生强度(初始强度,green strength)。合适的水硬性粘合剂包括铝酸钙水泥和能水合的氧化铝(也被称作ρ(rho)氧化铝)。
合适的化学(即,非水硬性)粘合剂包括磷酸盐粘合剂、碱金属硅酸盐粘合剂(例如硅酸钠)、胶态二氧化硅和胶态氧化铝。合适的磷酸盐粘合剂包括(但不限于):(a)磷酸;和(b)磷酸铝、磷酸钠、磷酸钙、磷酸镁、磷酸铵或磷酸钾盐的固体或液体溶液。
借助于一个实例,可以使用硅酸钠粘合剂(空气凝固耐火混合物)。在一些情况下,添加干燥硅酸钠作为干耐火组合物的一部分,同时在现场添加水以形成耐火混合物,所述混合物在浇注或喷涂之后将空气干燥(air dry)并硬化。在其它情况下,在现场向干混合物中添加硅酸钠的液体(例如水)溶液(作为粘合剂),并且所得混合物在浇注或喷涂之后将空气干燥并硬化。
多种磷酸铝粘合剂是所属领域的技术人员已知的,并且可以向干混合物(以及聚集物、基质成分和任选的添加剂)中添加,或在即将浇注或喷涂之前,在现场以液体溶液形式与干混合物组合。一种常用磷酸铝是磷酸单铝(Al(H2PO4)3),其可以与,如MgO或其它碱土金属氧化物的凝固剂组合使用。
也可以使用酸粘合剂(酸性粘合剂,acid binder),如正磷酸或磷酸单铝液体溶液。在此情况下,在即将使用耐火组合物之前在现场以液体(例如水)溶液形式添加粘合剂,而非将粘合剂包括于提前制备的干混合物中。在这些情况下,经过掺合的干混合物组分(聚集物和基质成分)通常将包括凝固剂,如Al2O3、MgO或其它碱土金属氧化物。
类似地,也可以使用碱性活化粘合剂,如飞灰或锅炉矿渣(也称为地质聚合物水泥或GPC)。这些GPC依赖于来自源粘合剂(source binder)材料的氧化铝和二氧化硅当与硅酸盐和/或氢氧化物反应时的缩聚。这些GPC粘合剂可以向干混合物中添加或在即将浇注或喷涂之前在现场以液体溶液形式与干混合物组合。
也可以使用其它化学粘合剂,包括胶态氧化铝、胶态二氧化硅和其它硅胶键结系统(silica gel bond sysytem)。在胶态氧化铝和胶态二氧化硅的情况下,这些键结系统在即将浇注或喷涂之前在现场以液体溶液形式与干混合物组合。在其它硅胶键结系统(例如,微硅胶(microsilica gel)键结的无水泥可浇注材料)的情况下,微硅粘合剂可以包括于干混合物自身中并且在现场通过将所述干混合物与水组合来活化。水添加将引起微硅(二氧化硅微粉,microsilica)成为凝胶(即,凝固)。
包括于干混合物中或在使用时向干混合物中添加的粘合剂的量将取决于粘合剂类型,以及施用方法(例如,可浇注对比喷射)和既定用途(例如耐火组合物在安装之后将暴露于的环境)而变化。对于铝酸钙水泥(“CAC”),包括于耐火组合物干混合物中的量将尤其取决于铝酸钙水泥的氧化铝含量而变化。
在一些实施例中,耐火组合物采用可商购的50%-80%氧化铝含量的CAC作为粘合剂,其中干混合物包含介于1重量%与30重量%之间的CAC(例如,50%氧化铝的CAC、60%氧化铝的CAC、70%氧化铝的CAC或80%氧化铝的CAC)。在其它实施例中,干混合物包含介于3%与10%之间的CAC(例如,50%氧化铝的CAC、60%氧化铝的CAC、70%氧化铝的CAC或80%氧化铝的CAC)。在又另外的实施例中,干混合物包含介于10%与25%之间的CAC(例如,50%氧化铝的CAC、60%氧化铝的CAC、70%氧化铝的CAC或80%氧化铝的CAC)。在其它实施例中,干混合物包含介于1%与3.5%之间的CAC(例如,50%氧化铝的CAC、60%氧化铝的CAC、70%氧化铝的CAC或80%氧化铝的CAC)。
在其它实施例中,耐火组合物采用能水合的氧化铝(“HA”)作为粘合剂,其中干混合物包含介于1重量%与15重量%之间的HA。在其它实施例中,干混合物包含介于2%与10%之间的HA。
在又另外的实施例中,干混合物包含两种或更多种粘合剂(如CAC和HA)的组合。在一个实施例中,干混合物包含介于1:9与9:1之间的HA:CAC比率。举例来说,一些干混合物实施例包含1%-8%CAC与0.5%-5.5%HA组合。其它实施例包含3%-9%CAC与2%-6%HA组合。
含有粘合剂的干混耐火组合物的其它实施例包含4%-12%干燥磷酸盐粘合剂(例如Al(H2PO4)3)。又另外的实施例包含1%-15%碱金属硅酸盐粘合剂。在现场采用液体粘合剂溶液的其它实施例中,将呈液体溶液形式的约8%-15%磷酸粘合剂(即,在液体粘合剂溶液中,每100份耐火干混合物8-15份磷酸)与无粘合剂的干混合物组合。在又另一个实施例中,将呈液体溶液形式的约6%-18%胶态二氧化硅或0.1%-4.5%胶态氧化铝与无粘合剂的干混合物组合。
多种耐火聚集物中的任一种可以用于耐火组合物中。聚集物以一系列尺寸(例如,20mm到100μm)使用,通常使用已知数学建模技术进行最佳化以便控制孔隙度、流动性、液体需求量和机械强度。一般来说,聚集物包含晶粒尺寸介于100μm到20mm范围内的粒子。合适的耐火聚集物包括以下中的一种或多种:氧化铝(包括片状、白色熔融和棕色熔融氧化铝)、铝矾土、莫来石(mullite)、铝矾性高岭土(bauxitic kaolin)、红柱石、煅烧高岭土、耐火粘土(chamotte)、煅烧燧石粘土、叶蜡石(pyrophyllite)、熔融二氧化硅、空心氧化铝、轻型粘土熟料(clay grog)、空心飞灰、珍珠岩、海德石(haydite)、蛭石、熔融或烧结的氧化镁氧化铝尖晶石、熔融或烧结的氧化铝-氧化锆-二氧化硅、氧化镁、六铝酸钙、熔融铝酸钙熟料、烧结铝酸钙熟料以及轻型六铝酸钙。
整体式耐火组合物可以调配为具有广泛的聚集物类型、尺寸和量。举例来说,本发明的一些耐火组合物包含15%到80%聚集物,其可以是一种或多种类型的聚集物,如煅烧燧石和耐火粘土。在其它实施例中,耐火组合物包含40%到80%聚集物。在又另外的实施例中,耐火组合物包含15%到35%聚集物。
本发明的耐火组合物进一步包含一种或多种耐火基质成分(也称为细粒、精细填充剂或填充剂),其呈晶粒尺寸一般小于100μm的粒子形式,以便例如调整流动特性、填充聚集物粒子之间的空隙并且改进键结和机械强度。合适的基质成分包括以下中的一种或多种:煅烧氧化铝、反应性氧化铝、碳化硅、石英二氧化硅、气相二氧化硅、氧化镁、蓝晶石、莫来石、尖晶石(MgAl2O4)、粘土、锆、石墨以及飞灰。粘合剂除提供生强度以外,也可以执行基质成分的一种或多种功能。
整体式耐火组合物可以调配为具有广泛的基质成分类型、尺寸和量。举例来说,本发明的一些耐火组合物包含15%到60%的一种或多种基质成分,其可以是一种或多种类型的基质成分,如精细氧化铝、煅烧氧化铝和气相二氧化硅的组合。在一些实施例中,耐火组合物包含45%到60%基质成分。在其它实施例中,耐火组合物包含30%到50%基质成分。在又另外的实施例中,耐火组合物包含15%到35%基质成分。
本发明的耐火组合物通常进一步包含一种或多种添加剂,其用于增强或以其它方式改变耐火组合物或由其形成的所得耐火材料的性能、凝固时间、流动特性、需水量、机械强度、渗透性、耐碱金属性和/或非润湿性。在一些实施例中,耐火组合物的干混合物包含最多5重量%的一种或多种添加剂。在其它实施例中,包括最多3重量%的添加剂,并且在又另外的实施例中,包括最多1重量%的添加剂。合适的添加剂包括一种或多种分散剂、抗絮凝剂、凝固加速剂、凝固延缓剂、烂花纤维(烧花纤维,burn-out fiber)、流动改性剂和熔融金属抗润湿剂,如硫酸钡或氟化钙。
借助于实例,本发明的整体式耐火组合物可以包括一种或多种有机或无机分散剂或抗絮凝剂或其混合物。分散剂和抗絮凝剂用于促进干混合物与水(或与粘合剂水溶液,也称为活化剂)混合,以及用于改进所得混合物的流动特性,并且由此减少流动性必要的水量(即,减少需水量)。当包括时,耐火组合物包含最多约1重量%分散剂,或最多约0.5重量%的分散剂,或最多约0.1重量%的分散剂,其中可以采用一种或多种分散剂。当包括时,耐火组合物包含最多约1重量%的抗絮凝剂或最多约0.5重量%的抗絮凝剂,或最多约0.1重量%的抗絮凝剂,其中可以采用一种或多种抗絮凝剂。也可以采用分散剂和抗絮凝剂的组合。
合适的分散剂包括例如:缩合的磷酸盐,如四聚磷酸钠或六偏磷酸钠;羧酸盐,如聚羧酸钠;聚丙烯酸盐,如聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸铵、聚甲基丙烯酸钠或聚甲基丙烯酸铵;磺酸盐,如聚萘磺酸钠或木质素磺酸钠;聚羧酸盐醚;和基于聚乙二醇的聚合物。
合适的抗絮凝剂包括例如聚电解质的铵盐、聚丙烯酸和羧酸制剂。
一些可商购的产品将一种或多种分散剂与反应性氧化铝和凝固加速剂或凝固延缓剂组合。也可以使用这些产品(有时称为分散用氧化铝),并且以ADS 1、ADS 3、ADW 1、M-ADS 1、M-ADS 3和M-ADW1可购自,例如安迈公司(Almatis Inc.)。
借助于另外的实例,本发明的整体式耐火组合物可以包括一种或多种凝固加速剂或凝固延缓剂。凝固加速剂加速或缩短凝固时间,而凝固延缓剂增加凝固时间。合适的凝固加速剂包括(但不限于)碳酸锂、硅酸钠、铝酸钠、柠檬酸锂、硅酸钾、铝酸钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、四聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠和熟石灰。合适的凝固延缓剂包括(但不限于)硼酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、草酸、丙二酸、木质素磺酸盐、碳酸氢钠和碱金属葡糖酸盐。
耐火组合物还可以包括所属领域的技术人员已知的各种有机烂花纤维或非有机纤维。
如先前所提到,本发明的整体式耐火组合物包括经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂(例如氢氧化钙),其不仅减少初始凝固时间,而且还使组合物在储存期间稳定。尽管硅酸盐(如硅酸钠或硅酸钾)充当凝固加速剂,但当提供在碱性凝固加速剂(氢氧化钙)粒子上作为干燥涂层时,所述硅酸盐涂层将延迟氢氧化钙起作用。因此,虽然耐火组合物的初始凝固时间减少,但其保持在可接受的限度内。
更出乎意料地,产品老化对凝固时间的影响得到极大减弱,并且新鲜与老化的组合物之间的初始凝固时间差值减小。因此,凝固时间更可预测并恒定。在一些情况下,在制造时向干混耐火组合物中添加经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂。在其它情况下,在储存时段之后,如在即将使用耐火组合物之前,向耐火组合物中添加经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂。在该后一种情况下,添加经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂可以用于使在其它情况下,在可接受的时间量内不凝固的老化组合物复原。
本文所描述的硅酸盐涂层可以施用于多种不同凝固加速剂,包括氢氧化钙、氢氧化镁、氯化钙、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸锂、硫酸钙以及所属领域的技术人员已知为凝固加速剂的类似化合物。在这些中,经过硅酸盐涂布的氢氧化钙粒子尤其适用。
多种方法可以用于利用硅酸盐来涂布凝固加速剂粒子。举例来说,可以将凝固加速剂粒子(例如Ca(OH)2)与硅酸盐水溶液(例如硅酸钠或硅酸钾)混合并且加热到介于40℃与80℃之间的温度,以便降低混合物的粘度并且促进Ca(OH)2粒子的涂布。更高固体含量(例如,≥20%固体)的硅酸盐溶液在室温下相当粘稠,但其粘度在加热后显著降低。因此,尤其当使用固体含量≥20重量%的硅酸盐溶液时,为了促进粒子的涂布,加热是合乎期望的。在一些情况下,向混合物中添加抗结块剂以便降低或消除经过涂布的粒子在制造、包装或储存期间不合乎期望的聚结的倾向。合适的抗结块剂包括二氧化硅、滑石、铝硅酸钠、硅藻土、粘土、纤维素、硬脂酸、聚合物粒子和前述中一种或多种的混合物。适用作抗结块剂的聚合物包括(但不限于)聚二甲基硅氧烷和水解的丙烯腈共聚物,如美国专利第6,124,391号中所描述的那些抗结块剂。
在充分混合以涂布所述粒子之后,使粒子上的涂层凝结(例如,通过轻微脱水和/或由于将硅酸盐暴露于周围大气中所存在的CO2中而进行的胶凝反应)。必要时,此后使用例如常规筛选工艺将经过涂布的粒子分离成各种尺寸的级分。因为经过涂布的粒子将存在一些聚结,所以经过涂布的粒子的尺寸一般将比起始材料大。在一些实施例中,对经过涂布的粒子进行过筛以提供2.5mm(8目)或更小、或1.5mm(14目)或更小的粒度。在又另外的实施例中,经过涂布的粒子的粒度在2.4mm(8目)与0.15mm(100目)之间,或在2.4mm(8目)与0.6mm(30目)之间,或在0.85mm(20目)与0.19mm(75目)之间。
在涂布工艺中可以使用各种级别的硅酸盐。借助于实例,当使用硅酸钠时,SiO2:Na2O的比率(重量)可以在1.6:1与3.3:1之间。当使用硅酸钾时,SiO2:K2O的比率可以在1.8:1与2.6:1之间。对于硅酸锂,在一个实施例中,SiO2:Li2O的比率可以是8.2。然而,应理解,可以使用这些硅酸盐的各种其它级别。另外,所述粒子可以涂布有两种或更多种硅酸盐(例如,硅酸钠和硅酸钾)的组合。
以经过涂布的粒子(包括任何抗结块剂)的重量%计的硅酸盐涂层量可以简单地通过调整在涂布工艺期间所添加的硅酸盐量来容易地控制。举例来说,可以制备硅酸盐涂层占1重量%到99重量%的粒子。在一些实施例中,制备硅酸盐涂层占5重量%到70重量%的粒子以用于耐火组合物中。在其它实施例中,硅酸盐涂层占5重量%到60重量%、或10重量%到50重量%、或20重量%到40重量%、或30重量%的粒子。
向耐火组合物中添加的经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子的量将取决于耐火组合物的性质、所需凝固特性(例如初始凝固时间和/或处理时间)、涂层水平和凝固加速剂类型而变化。对于经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子,在一些实施例中,向耐火组合物中添加的量在0.01重量%与0.5重量%之间,在0.05重量%与0.5重量%之间,在0.05重量%与0.2重量%之间,或在0.05重量%与0.1重量%之间。在一个特定实施例中,以干混合物的0.05重量%到0.1重量%的水平向耐火组合物中添加涂层水平为20重量%到40重量%的经过硅酸钠涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子。
在一些实施例中,包含粘合剂、聚集物、基质成分和经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子(例如氢氧化钙)的耐火组合物在调和(temper)(即,与水或其它合适液体混合)时展现(a)在制造时的初始凝固时间介于1与20小时之间或介于1与10小时之间;和/或(b)在老化1到18个月之后,初始凝固时间的变化小于25%(与在制造时的初始凝固时间相比较)或小于15%。在又另外的实施例中,包含粘合剂、聚集物、基质成分和经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子(例如氢氧化钙)的耐火组合物在调和(即,与水或其它合适液体混合)时展现(a)在制造时的初始凝固时间介于1与20小时之间或介于1与10小时之间;和/或(b)在老化1到18个月之后,初始凝固时间的变化与在制造时的初始凝固时间相比较小于8小时或与在制造时的初始凝固时间相比较小于5小时。
实例1
制备经过硅酸钠涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子
通过以下来制备经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子:将氢氧化钙与硅酸钠水溶液混合,将此混合物加热到约70℃,直到其变成自由流动的固体为止,并且此后添加硅藻土作为抗结块剂。接着使用网筛对所得粒子进行尺寸分级。
举例来说,向1000mL烧杯中添加氢氧化钙(300g)和硅酸钠溶液(434g标称26.5%固体的水溶液)。以100rpm混合溶液20分钟。接着添加硅藻土(10g)作为抗结块剂。以100rpm搅拌所得混合物,并且加热到温度70℃,直到其变成自由流动的固体为止。使混合物冷却到环境温度,干燥并且筛选,以便提供粒度为1.5mm和更精细的粒子。所得经过硅酸盐涂布的粒子的Ca(OH)2含量为70.6%(重量),在本文实例中也称为经过30%硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2(其中涂层%是按总固体含量计,因为任何挥发物(包括水)都在干燥期间得到去除。在适当调节起始材料的量的情况下,以相同方式制备涂层水平为5%到50%的经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子。
对于下文实例2-4,以常规方式制备以下低水泥可浇注组合物,其中所标识的每一组分的量以总组合物的重量%形式提供:
表I
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | |
按时程煅烧的燧石和耐火粘土 | 77.3 | 62.3 | 52.5 | 48.8 |
精细氧化铝(>90%Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) | 22 | 12 | 22 | |
SiC | 8.3 | |||
煅烧氧化铝 | 8.5 | 4 | 13 | 14 |
气相二氧化硅 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7 | 8 |
铝酸钙水泥 | 6.5 | 4 | 7 | 7 |
分散和凝固时间添加剂 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
实例2
展示在不存在Ca(OH)2的情况下耐火组合物老化
进行大量研究以便展示老化对耐火组合物,具体来说对凝固时间的影响。对于铝酸钙水泥键结的整体(如C1),可以根据ASTM C1656-13经由评定质量试验的放热量来监测凝固时间。在制造同一天、老化约4个月之后和老化约14个月之后测试(即,浇注)上文表1的组合物C1。在老化期间,将干燥组合物C1储存在密封的塑料袋中并且放置于非气候受控的仓库中以便复制典型储存条件。
对于测试,在台面混合器(tabletop mixer)中将组合物C1与6.5重量%水混合,直到充分混合为止。接着将混合物倒入用于浇注的容器中,并且将热电偶插入到混合物中以测量凝固期间的温度。热电偶记录在耐火组合物的固化和硬化阶段期间释放的热量,并且针对时间绘制温度曲线(参见图1)。
许多可浇注材料在温度对比时间曲线图中展现两个峰,指示处理时间结束和最终强度形成。第一峰通常称为“初始凝固”,而第二峰称为“最终凝固”。对于低水泥可浇注材料,如在本申请中所报告的实例中所用的那些可浇注材料,单个温度峰不常见(如图1中所见)。出于描述本文所报告的测试的目的,当在温度对比时间曲线图中仅存在单个峰时,此峰值将被称作初始凝固时间。
如图1中所见,新鲜C1(无老化)的初始凝固时间大致是17小时(放热曲线图的峰)。在老化仅四个月之后,初始凝固时间已经增加到30+小时,并且温度峰平缓得多并且受限定较少(即,更广),指示组合物已经老化并且反应性小得多。对于在老化14个月之后测试的组合物,所测试的样品在从浇注时间开始30+小时之后仍是软的。因此,4个月和14个月老化的组合物两者的凝固时间将是不可接受的,并且因此将需要在现场添加凝固加速剂将凝固时间和凝固特性改进到可接受的水平。此外,老化的耐火组合物的凝固时间倾向于不可预测,使得在现场难以知道是否将需要凝固加速剂和应添加多少凝固加速剂。
虽然Ca(OH)2是众所周知的凝固加速剂,但向新鲜或老化的组合物中简单地添加常规Ca(OH)2可能存在问题。举例来说,在制造时向耐火组合物中即使添加少量Ca(OH)2也将导致产品对于大多数应用太快凝固。为了展示向老化的耐火组合物中添加常规(未涂布)的Ca(OH)2的影响,在组合物C1已老化约4个月之后,向所述组合物中添加0.06重量%Ca(OH)2(即,以重量计,每100份C1 0.06份)。如图1中所见,此少量添加Ca(OH)2导致初始凝固时间为约一小时。虽然实现初始凝固时间相对于老化4个月的未改性组合物显著减少,但一小时的初始凝固时间对于一些应用将太短。更重要的是,在制造时添加常规未涂布的Ca(OH)2不实际,因为组合物将不可用(归因于新鲜组合物的初始凝固时间不合实际地短),并且其有效性将随着储存时间而削弱。
实例3
老化的耐火组合物在添加经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2之后的凝固时间
根据实例1制备具有各种涂层水平的经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子。向已经老化介于约4-9个月之间的组合物C1中添加各种量的具有各种涂层水平的经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子。在实例2的程序后,如下表2中所报告,测定每一样品组合物的初始凝固时间。
表2
实例2(和图1)显示,在老化至少4个月之后,组合物C1展现超过30小时的初始凝固时间。然而,如上表2中所见,添加即使少量的经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2也减少初始凝固时间,在许多情况下提供与非老化组合物C1初始凝固时间相当或甚至更短的初始凝固时间。也如表2中所见,凝固时间随着所添加的经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2的量增加而减少,并且也随着涂层水平降低而减少。因此,使凝固时间减少到特定水平所需要的经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2的量随着涂层水平增加而增加。由于例如老化时长变化、环境温度波动、水温和其它变量,在表2中所报告的结果中存在一些变化。然而,在表2中所报告的数据展现,经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子可以用于使在其它情况下不可用的老化耐火组合物复原。
实例4
含有经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2的新鲜和老化的耐火组合物的凝固时间
实例3展现,经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子可以用于使老化的耐火组合物复原。在实例4中的测试比较具有经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的新鲜和老化组合物的凝固时间。
使用具有不同老化程度的组合物C1来执行实例2中所描述的测试。具体来说,如下表3中所指示,制备C1与所述量的具有指定涂层水平的经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的调配物。根据实例2的程序测定老化0-8天、约6-8个月和约14个月的样品的初始凝固时间。取决于材料老化程度,观察到一系列初始凝固时间,其中老化约14个月的样品显示最长初始凝固时间。表3指示对于向老化范围内的耐火组合物中添加指定添加%和涂层水平的经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子,所观察到的最小和最大凝固时间。
表3
一般来说,对0-8天后的样品观察最小凝固时间。所观察到的最大凝固时间对应于老化约14个月的样品。在上表3中标识的“跨度”是最小与最大凝固时间之间的差值,并且指示凝固时间的一致性水平。较小跨度指示各种老化程度的组合物的凝固时间变化较小。因此,添加有0.086重量%的经过30%硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2的耐火组合物具有最小跨度,指示不论老化程度如何,初始凝固时间具有更一致性。
图2-5描绘所测试的各种样品的放热曲线图,其中向C1中添加0.086%的经过30%硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2(图2),向C1中添加0.075%的经过20%硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2(图3),向C1中添加0.067%的经过10%硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2(图4),和向C1中添加0.12%的经过50%硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2(图5)。在一些情况下,如图2-5的图例中所见,在添加经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子之前使可浇注组合物C1老化。在一些情况下,使组合物C1老化一段时间,添加经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子,并且使混合物再老化一段时间。在其它情况下,紧接在添加经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子之后测试老化的C1。
虽然已经老化4个月或更长时间的组合物C1在至少30小时内不凝固(参见图1),但含有经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的4个月后的样品在23小时或更短时间内凝固(在除一种情况外的所有情况下显著小于23小时)。实际上,除添加0.12%的经过50%硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的情况以外,即使已经老化约6个月或甚至约14个月的样品也展现小于13小时的凝固时间。
对于含有0.12%的经过50%硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的4个月和14个月后的C1样品,虽然凝固时间分别是23和33.5小时,但其实际上确实凝固(参见图5)。含有0.12%的经过50%硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的4个月和14个月后的C1样品的温度峰也明显更受限定,指示实现完全凝固。
另外,与未添加经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的C1相比,凝固时间不仅显著减少(尤其对于经过10%-30%涂布的粒子),凝固时间即使对于老化的组合物也更可预测。虽然新鲜的C1(未添加Ca(OH)2)具有可预测的凝固时间,但老化的C1并不具有。如图2-4的放热曲线图中所见,添加经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子显著地并且出乎意料地改进凝固时间可预测性。申请人测试结果也展示,可以调整向耐火组合物中添加的经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的涂层水平和量以不仅提供凝固时间的所需减少,而且提供老化对凝固时间和凝固时间可预测性两者的影响的显著减小。使用经过硅酸盐涂布而非未涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子也避免太短的凝固时间,如水合组合物的可处理时间小于10分钟的“闪速凝固(flashset)”。
图2-5中所报告的数据进一步展现,添加经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子不仅提供更长的储存稳定性,而且通过向已经老化的耐火组合物中添加经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子可以获得老化耐火组合物凝固时间的改进。
虽然上文已经详细地描述耐火组合物和经过硅酸盐涂布的粒子以及方法的各种实施例,但应理解,组分、特征和配置以及制造所述装置的方法和本文所描述的方法不限于本文所描述的具体实施例。
Claims (23)
1.一种耐火组合物,其包含:
(a)耐火聚集物;
(b)一种或多种基质成分;和
(c)经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子,其中所述经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子包含经过涂布的以下一种或多种的粒子:Ca(OH)2、氢氧化镁、氯化钙、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸锂或硫酸钙。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐火组合物,其中所述经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子包含经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子,其中硅酸盐涂层选自由以下组成的组:硅酸钠、硅酸钾、硅酸锂和其混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的耐火组合物,其中所述经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子包含经过硅酸钠涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子。
4.根据权利要求3所述的耐火组合物,其中硅酸钠涂层占所述经过硅酸钠涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的5重量%到60重量%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的耐火组合物,其中所述耐火组合物包含0.01重量%到0.5重量%的经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子。
6.根据权利要求1到5中任一项所述的耐火组合物,其进一步包含粘合剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的耐火组合物,其中所述粘合剂选自由以下组成的组:铝酸钙水泥、能水合的氧化铝、磷酸盐粘合剂、碱金属硅酸盐粘合剂、微硅粘合剂、胶态二氧化硅和胶态氧化铝。
8.根据权利要求7所述的耐火组合物,其中所述粘合剂包含铝酸钙水泥。
9.根据权利要求1到5中任一项所述的耐火组合物,其中所述经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子进一步包含抗结块剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的耐火组合物,其中所述抗结块剂选自由以下组成的组:二氧化硅、滑石、铝硅酸钠、硅藻土、纤维素、以及粘土。
11.根据权利要求1到3或5中任一权利要求所述的耐火组合物,其进一步包含粘合剂,并且另外其中硅酸盐涂层占所述经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子的10重量%到50重量%。
12.根据权利要求3所述的耐火组合物,其进一步包含粘合剂,其中所述粘合剂包含铝酸钙水泥和/或能水合的氧化铝,并且另外其中硅酸钠涂层占所述经过硅酸钠涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的10重量%到50重量%并且所述耐火组合物包含0.05重量%到0.5重量%的经过硅酸钠涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子。
13.根据权利要求12所述的耐火组合物,其中所述经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子进一步包含选自由以下组成的组的抗结块剂:二氧化硅、滑石、铝硅酸钠、硅藻土、纤维素、以及粘土。
14.根据权利要求1到5、12或13中任一项所述的耐火组合物,其中所述耐火聚集物包括以下中的一种或多种:氧化铝、铝矾土、莫来石、铝矾性高岭土、红柱石、煅烧高岭土、煅烧燧石粘土、叶蜡石、熔融二氧化硅、空心飞灰、珍珠岩、海德石、蛭石、熔融或烧结的氧化镁氧化铝尖晶石、熔融或烧结的氧化铝-氧化锆-二氧化硅、氧化镁、六铝酸钙、熔融铝酸钙熟料、以及烧结铝酸钙熟料。
15.根据权利要求1到5、12或13中任一项所述的耐火组合物,其中所述基质成分包含以下中的一种或多种:煅烧氧化铝、反应性氧化铝、碳化硅、石英二氧化硅、气相二氧化硅、氧化镁、蓝晶石、莫来石、尖晶石MgAl2O4、粘土、石墨以及飞灰。
16.根据权利要求3所述的耐火组合物,其中硅酸钠涂层占所述经过硅酸钠涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的10重量%到50重量%。
17.根据权利要求3所述的耐火组合物,其中硅酸钠涂层占所述经过硅酸钠涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子的20重量%到40重量%。
18.根据权利要求2所述的耐火组合物,其中所述耐火组合物包含0.05重量%到0.5重量%的经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子。
19.根据权利要求2所述的耐火组合物,其中所述耐火组合物包含0.05重量%到0.1重量%的经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子。
20.一种使老化的耐火组合物复原的方法,其包含以下步骤:向已经老化至少一个月的耐火组合物中添加经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子,和此后将所述耐火组合物与水性液体混合并使混合物凝固,其中所述经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子包含经过涂布的以下一种或多种的粒子:Ca(OH)2、氢氧化镁、氯化钙、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸锂或硫酸钙。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述老化的耐火组合物包含耐火聚集物、一种或多种基质成分和粘合剂。
22.根据权利要求20或21所述的方法,其中所述经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子包含经过硅酸盐涂布的Ca(OH)2粒子,其中硅酸盐涂层选自由以下组成的组:硅酸钠、硅酸钾、硅酸锂和其混合物。
23.一种可凝固的耐火组合物,其包含经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子,其中所述经过硅酸盐涂布的凝固加速剂粒子包含经过涂布的以下一种或多种的粒子:Ca(OH)2、氢氧化镁、氯化钙、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸锂或硫酸钙。
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CN106747488A (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
CA3042701A1 (en) | 2018-05-11 |
US20200055787A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
AU2017355514B2 (en) | 2023-11-02 |
WO2018085700A2 (en) | 2018-05-11 |
AU2017355514A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
JP2019535624A (ja) | 2019-12-12 |
US11554994B2 (en) | 2023-01-17 |
US20230312427A1 (en) | 2023-10-05 |
JP7232756B2 (ja) | 2023-03-03 |
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EP3535074A2 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
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