CN106623924B - A method of the powder metallurgy forming functionally graded material melted based on precinct laser - Google Patents
A method of the powder metallurgy forming functionally graded material melted based on precinct laser Download PDFInfo
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of methods of powder metallurgy forming functionally graded material melted based on precinct laser, the manufacturing process combines SLM technology and sintered powder technique, SLM forming is carried out first, heterogeneity material is laid in part different cross section, and the appearance profile and inside parts part-structure for shaping the part are melted with laser, after entire part outline forming, part is subjected to high temperature sintering, makes the powder sintered forming not being melted inside parts profile.This method can accurate control function functionally gradient material (FGM) thickness, prepare superior in quality FGM material, while can also rapidly and precisely produce the part of arbitrarily complicated shape, greatly reduce manufacturing procedure, reduce the process-cycle, reduce production cost.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method for the powder metallurgy forming functionally graded material melted based on precinct laser of the present invention, belongs to 3D printing
Increases material manufacturing technology field.
Background technique
Functionally graded material (FGM) is to make composition, the structure through-thickness of material using advanced Material cladding technology
The novel inhomogeneous composite materials of the one kind changed in gradient.From the point of view of the combination of material, functionally graded material can be divided into
Metal/ceramic, ceramics/ceramics, the multiple combinations mode such as ceramics/plastics can solve to obtain the material of a variety of specific functions
Certainly the thermal stress of material mitigates problem in high speed aerospace vehicle, has a extensive future.
The preparation method of FGM mainly has the methods of plasma spraying, vapor deposition, powder metallurgy, self- propagating sintering.Deng from
Sub- spray coating method can make infinitely great material in theory, and the compound system alternative of gradient layer is larger, gradient layer
Density it is controllable, the surface protection suitable for aircraft engine and the engine components of efficient combustion turbine.Vapour deposition process includes chemistry
Vapor deposition and two class of physical vapour deposition (PVD), the former is that the chemical reaction between the gas using material forms sedimentary, Hou Zheshi
Material is evaporated using the physical reactions of material, is then deposited into another material surface.Vapour deposition process rate is too slow, is only suitable for
Made membrane class material.Powder metallurgic method calculates the ingredient of each gradient layer first, then proportionately set up separately meter carry out mixing, cloth,
Forming, is finally sintered.This method is easily operated, and control flexibly, is suitable for industrial production, can prepare large scale material,
Shortcoming is to need additional customized mold when preparing parts with complex structures, and the period is longer, and higher cost.Self- propagating is burnt
Connection is that thermal chemical reaction occurs under certain condition by reactant, generates high temperature and pressure to synthesize.The advantages of this method
It is that generated time is short, easy to operate, but this method needs special equipment.Forming accuracy is difficult to hold, and generally requires carry out two
Secondary processing.In conclusion FGM has a extensive future, but each Thickness of Gradient Layer is difficult to hold when the preparation of FGM material, and FGM is complicated
Part forming is at high cost, the period is long, and forming accuracy still needs to further increase.
Selective laser melting forming technique (SLM) can shape the complex parts of arbitrary shape, the basic principle is that: it is first
Part model first is established with three-dimensional software, slicing treatment is carried out using Slice Software, obtains the two-dimensional silhouette information of part and lead
Enter molding equipment.Before laser beam starts scanning, power spreading device tiles metal powder onto the substrate of formation cylinder first, laser beam
Again by the metal powder on the filling contour line selective melting forming board of current layer.After processing current layer, power spreading device exists
Metal powder is completed on manufactured current layer, the data that equipment calls in next layer of profile are processed, are so processed layer by layer,
Until entire part completion of processing.SLM technology can prepare complex-shaped metal parts, simultaneously because high laser power is fusible
Shape refractory metal.The technology can rapidly and precisely produce the part of arbitrarily complicated shape, greatly reduce processing work
Sequence reduces the process-cycle.In SLM forming process, due to being that layer-by-layer laser fusing shapes, forming efficiency still needs to further mention
It is high.
Summary of the invention
The invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides it is a kind of based on precinct laser melt powder metallurgy at
The method of type functionally graded material, the manufacturing process combine SLM technology and sintered powder technique, progress SLM forming first,
It is laid with heterogeneity material in part different cross section, and melts appearance profile and the inside parts part for shaping the part with laser
Part is carried out high temperature sintering, burns the powder not being melted inside parts profile by structure after entire part outline forming
Form shape.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: powder melted based on precinct laser
The method of last metallurgy molding functionally graded material, is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
A. according to formation of parts needs, computing function functionally gradient material (FGM) composition proportion, gradient composition and thickness.
B. it charges, prepares the formed powder of different components, and the powder of different components is sequentially loaded into order for material cylinder,
And set powder supply cylinder discharged way.
C. the forming model of three-dimensional software design function functionally gradient material (FGM) is used.
D. the service condition of drip molding is simulated, the influence to drip molding such as analysis temperature, stress advanced optimizes
Drip molding structural model.
E. slicing treatment is carried out to drip molding model, if the technological parameters such as layer thickness, laser power, scanning speed and passing
It is defeated to arrive forming machine, carry out SLM forming.
F. formation of parts is subjected to high temperature sintering.
G. the part of high temperature sintering is heat-treated, surface sand-blasting polishing.
Preferably, in the step b, using by multiple upper powder supply modes formed for material cylinder, be for material cylinder section it is trapezoidal,
It is fixed on multiple on crossbeam for material cylinder by bolt, the idler wheel of race is had for bottom of the cylinder installation, the idler wheel is by motor control
System, motor connect control system.According to forming sequence, control system controls the rotation of the motor below each material cylinder, to make this
Powder in material cylinder leaks out, and staged discharged way is adopted in realization, and successively fall the powder for needing to shape.
Preferably, in the step c, inside parts structure is designed to honeycomb, and appearance profile is solid, appearance profile wall
Thickness is 5-10mm.
Preferably, in the step e, in SLM forming process, be compacted after having spread powder, pressure 10-30MPa it
Between.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: this method is by SLM technology and sintered powder technique phase
In conjunction with the functionally gradient part for preparing labyrinth, FGM Thickness of Gradient Layer can be accurately controlled, prepares superior in quality FGM material
Material.The part that arbitrarily complicated shape can also rapidly and precisely be produced simultaneously, greatly reduces manufacturing procedure, reduces and adds
In the work period, reduce production cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Following further describes the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is forming device powder supply cylinder permutation and combination method schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure: 1 for be crossbeam for material cylinder, 2,3 be bolt, 4 be idler wheel, 5 be motor, 6 be cable, 7 be control system.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
A kind of preparation of tungsten-copper functional gradient material put-put jet pipe.
A. according to the handling characteristics of the put-put jet pipe, which is tungsten-copper functional gradient material, outer diameter
It is highly 100mm for 100mm, internal diameter 80mm.Wherein the changes of contents gradient of copper is 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, gradient thickness
It is 25mm, is referred to as first gradient layer, the second gradient layer, 3rd gradient layer, 4th gradient layer.
B. it charges, is 15%, 20%, 25% by the content of copper, 30% tungsten-copper alloy powder is respectively charged into different for material cylinder, feed
Cylinder structure are as follows: bolt 3 will be fixed on crossbeam 2 for material cylinder 1, the idler wheel 4 of race be had for bottom of the cylinder installation, the idler wheel is by electricity
Machine 5 controls, and motor 5 connects control system 7 by cable 6.According to forming sequence, control system control 7 is made below each material cylinder 1
Motor 2 rotates, so that the powder in the material cylinder be made to leak out, staged discharged way is adopted in realization, and successively fall the powder for needing to shape
Material.This is in material cylinder: the content of copper is 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% tungsten-copper alloy powder, distinguishes blanking (such as Fig. 1 using staged
It is shown).
C. the threedimensional model of the material is established with SolidWorks Morphing Software, inside parts structure is designed to hexagon bee
Nest shape, each side length of hexagon are 10mm, and each side is with a thickness of 5mm.Appearance profile is solid construction, and appearance profile wall thickness is
8mm。
D. ANSYS simulation softward is utilized, the part is at 700 DEG C, gas flow 100kg/s, nozzle exit pressure 60000Pa
Under state, the stress-strain analysis of the mold elements, and model structure is advanced optimized according to analog result, it designs optimal
Formation of parts structure.
E. slicing treatment is carried out to drip molding model, synusia is with a thickness of 0.015mm.Set the ginseng such as laser power sweep speed
Number: the laser power of first gradient layer is 300W, scanning speed 6000mm/s；The laser power of second gradient layer is 330W, is swept
Retouch speed 6000mm/s；The laser power of 3rd gradient layer is 370W, scanning speed 6500mm/s；The laser function of 4th gradient layer
Rate is 400W, scanning speed 7000mm/s.When forming, power spreading device compression roll is compacted the powder that every layer is completed, pressure
For 15MPa.
F. molding part is sintered 5h in 1300 DEG C of nitrogen atmosphere.
G. the part of high temperature sintering is heat-treated, the tungsten-copper functional gradient material of sintering is annealed at 350-400 DEG C
6h or so cools to room temperature with the furnace.Sandblasting grinding process then is carried out to drip molding surface, prepares surface quality and internal group
Knit excellent product.
Case study on implementation two
A kind of preparation of aluminium base SiC functionally graded material refractory plate.
A. the heat-resisting plate material is aluminium base SiC functionally graded material, having a size of 100 × 80 × 15mm(length, width and height).Aluminium base
Body is ZL101, the changes of contents of short transverse SiC are as follows: 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 0.8%, 0.6%, gradient thickness is 3mm, point
Not Cheng Zhiwei first gradient layer, the second gradient layer, 3rd gradient layer, 4th gradient layer, the 5th gradient layer.
B. it charges, by the changes of contents of SiC are as follows: 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 0.8%, 0.6% is respectively charged into 5 confessions in Fig. 1
Material cylinder is fed cylinder structure are as follows: and bolt 3 will be fixed on crossbeam 2 for material cylinder 1, and the idler wheel 4 of race is had for bottom of the cylinder installation,
The idler wheel is controlled by motor 5, and motor 5 connects control system 7 by cable 6.According to forming sequence, control system control 7 is made each
Motor 2 below material cylinder 1 rotates, so that the powder in the material cylinder be made to leak out, staged discharged way is adopted in realization.It is by control
System is set for material cylinder opening sequence successively are as follows: SiC content is respectively 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 0.8%, and 0.6% Al alloy powder is adopted
Blanking is distinguished with staged.
C. establish the threedimensional model of the material with SolidWorks Morphing Software, inside parts structure be designed to it is latticed,
Each grid is square, and side length 5mm, each side is with a thickness of 2mm.Appearance profile is solid construction, and appearance profile wall thickness is
5mm。
D. ANSYS simulation softward is utilized, which is 800 DEG C, and the other side is room temperature, part heat transfer and strain feelings
Condition, and model inner mesh structure is advanced optimized according to analog result, design optimal formation of parts structure.
E. slicing treatment is carried out to drip molding model, synusia is with a thickness of 0.015mm.Set the ginseng such as laser power sweep speed
Number: the laser power of first gradient layer is 300W, scanning speed 6500mm/s；The laser power of second gradient layer is 330W, is swept
Retouch speed 7000mm/s；The laser power of 3rd gradient layer is 350W, scanning speed 7500mm/s；The laser function of 4th gradient layer
Rate is 330W, scanning speed 7000mm/s；The laser power of 5th gradient layer is 300W, scanning speed 6500mm/s.When forming,
Power spreading device compression roll is compacted the powder that every layer is completed, pressure 10MPa.
F. by molding part high temperature sintering.Sintering process are as follows: drip molding is fitted into furnace with stove heating, is warming up to 250
DEG C heat preservation 30min, then it is warming up to 450 DEG C of heat preservation 30min, finally heated to 500 DEG C heat preservation 1h, furnace cooling.
G. air-cooled by the aluminium base SiC functionally graded material of thermal sintering in 180 DEG C of annealing 5-6h.
The present invention is explained in detail above in conjunction with embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiments, at this
Field those of ordinary skill within the scope of knowledge, can also make various changes without departing from the purpose of the present invention
Change.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method for the powder metallurgy forming functionally graded material melted based on precinct laser, it is characterised in that: by SLM skill
Art and sintered powder technique combine, progress SLM forming first, are laid with heterogeneity material in part different cross section, and with sharp
Light fusing shapes the appearance profile and inside parts part-structure of the part, after the forming of entire part outline, by part into
Row high temperature sintering makes the powder sintered forming not being melted inside parts profile, specifically implements according to the following steps:
The first step, according to formation of parts needs, computing function functionally gradient material (FGM) composition proportion, gradient composition and thickness；
Second step, charging prepare the formed powder of different components, and the powder of different components are sequentially loaded into feed in order
Cylinder, and set for material cylinder discharged way；
Third step, with the forming model of three-dimensional software design function functionally gradient material (FGM)；
4th step simulates the service condition of drip molding, analyzes the influence of temperature, stress to drip molding, advanced optimizes
Drip molding structural model；
5th step carries out slicing treatment to drip molding model, if the technological parameter of layer thickness, laser power, scanning speed is simultaneously
It is transferred to forming machine, carries out SLM forming,
Step 6: formation of parts is carried out high temperature sintering；
Step 7: the part to high temperature sintering is heat-treated, surface sand-blasting polishing；
In the second step, using by multiple upper powder supply modes formed for material cylinder, be for material cylinder section it is trapezoidal, passing through bolt will
It is multiple to be fixed on crossbeam for material cylinder, the idler wheel of race is had for bottom of the cylinder installation, the idler wheel is by motor control, motor connection
Control system, according to forming sequence, control system controls the rotation of the motor below each material cylinder, to make the powder in the material cylinder
It leaks out, realizes staged discharged way, successively fall the powder for needing to shape；
In the third step, inside parts structure is designed to honeycomb, appearance profile be it is solid, appearance profile wall thickness is 5-
10mm。
2. a kind of side of powder metallurgy forming functionally graded material melted based on precinct laser according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in the 5th step, in SLM forming process, be compacted after having spread powder, pressure 10-30MPa it
Between.
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| CN107774996B (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-01-21 | 华中科技大学 | Integrated forming method for part of multi-material gradient lattice structure |
| CN109249022B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-01-03 | 华中科技大学 | Double-gradient metal porous material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109759588B (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2021-05-07 | 上海汉邦联航激光科技有限公司 | Rapid additive manufacturing method for large-scale bimetal part |
| CN110091413A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-06 | 山东大学 | A kind of function-graded material 3D printing device and working method |
| CN110125399B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-05-29 | 上海交通大学 | Laser additive manufacturing method for multi-metal part added with transition layer |
| CN110625113B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-11-05 | 国营芜湖机械厂 | Rapid preparation method of airplane structure crack reinforcing part |
| CN111618298B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-11-25 | 中北大学 | Efficient collaborative additive manufacturing method for multi-material and variable-rigidity structure |
| CN113894290A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2022-01-07 | 南方科技大学 | Preparation method of component failure controllable design and component |
| CN115338425A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-15 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | Complex shape part composite manufacturing method |
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| CN100404174C (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2008-07-23 | 华中科技大学 | Preparation method for quick preparing functional gradient material |
| CN101722306B (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2012-01-25 | 华中科技大学 | Near-net-shape method for porous metal part |
| CN202062079U (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-12-07 | 华南理工大学 | Device for directly manufacturing gradient material component |
| CN204621074U (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-09-09 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of large scale that is applied to increases the two-way automatic power spreading mechanism that material manufactures forming machine |
| CN105170978B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-07-28 | 华中科技大学 | Linkage interface has the homogeneity jacket high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) manufacturing process of gradient structure |
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