CN106433688B - 一种含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
- C09K19/3441—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom
- C09K19/3444—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a six-membered aromatic ring containing one nitrogen atom, e.g. pyridine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/127—Preparation from compounds containing pyridine rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子及其制备方法和应用,该化合物的结构式为式中CnH2n+1代表C2~C5直链烷基,x和y的取值为0或1。该液晶化合物通过Heck偶联和sonogashira偶联反应制备,合成方法简单。本发明液晶化合物具有正介电各向异性和一定的向列相液晶区间,具有较高清亮点,且与其他液晶性化合物相溶性优异,可作为染料敏化剂分子应用于染料敏化太阳能电池中,还可应用于IPS显示模式、TN显示模式。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于液晶化合物技术领域,具体涉及一种含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子,以及该液晶化合物的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
液晶材料发展至今,在液晶显示、液晶光学器件、高强度弹性材料、有机太阳能电池材料等众多领域中已经得到了应用。因而液晶材料作为交叉学科的研究热点,已经被研究者们广泛的研究。在能源危机与环境污染对全球可持续发展构成的挑战日益加剧的形势背景下,太阳能电池日渐被科学与工业界所高度重视。近两年来,液晶研究者们做了大量的尝试研究,期望能够将液晶材料应用于太阳能电池研究领域。如今,已有一些液晶材料成功应用于太阳能电池领域。例如,Agnieszka Iwan报道了一种手性光敏液晶分子(AZOX)掺杂到有机太阳能电池的活性层中,改善了器件的光伏性能(Liquid Crystals,2015,42(7),964-972)。
Fan Li报道了一种离子液晶(6CNBP-N)添加到体异质结聚合物太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层中,诱导了活性层的相分离、结晶度和有序结构,增加了聚合物太阳能电池的光伏性能(RSC Adv.2015,5,52874-52881)。
E.A.Soto-Bustamante报道了一种液晶(M6R8)纳米颗粒掺杂到二氧化钛纳米颗粒中,可以提高有机无机复合太阳能电池的光电流(J.Mater.Chem.C,2015,3,8566--8573)。
KuanSun报道了一种向列相液晶(BTR)非常适合可印刷的有机太阳能电池,掺杂到活性层中能够提高太阳能电池的效率(Nature Communications,2015,6,6013)。
Takashi Kato报道了一种液晶电解液(1/2-I2)应用在染料敏化太阳能电池中,可以使电池在高温下正常运行(Chem.Mater.2014,26,6496-6502)。
然而关于显示用液晶材料应用于太阳能电池中的报道却没有。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种只存在向列相,具有较大正介电各向异性的显示用液晶化合物,并为该显示用液晶化合物提供一种制备方法和应用。
解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是:该显示用液晶化合物为含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子,其结构式如下所示:
式中CnH2n+1代表C2~C5直链烷基,x和y的取值为0或1。
上述含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子中,x和y的取值为0时,其合成路线和具体合成步骤如下所示:
1、化合物11的合成
在N2保护下,将4-吡啶硼酸、对溴碘苯、碳酸钾按摩尔比为1:1.2:3加入到DMF和H2O的体积比为5:1的混合液中,40℃搅拌30分钟后升温至60℃,然后加入催化量的四(三苯基)膦合钯,60℃搅拌反应15小时,分离纯化产物,得到化合物1。
2、化合物2的合成
在N2保护下,将化合物1、三甲基乙炔基硅、三苯基膦按摩尔比为1:2:0.08加入到DMF和三乙胺的体积比为1:2的混合液中,60℃搅拌30分钟后升温至80℃,然后加入催化量的CuI和四(三苯基)膦合钯,80℃搅拌反应9小时,分离纯化产物,得到化合物2。
3、化合物3的合成
将化合物2和碳酸钾按摩尔比为1:3加入到甲醇中,室温搅拌2小时,分离产物,得到化合物3。
4、目标化合物的合成
在N2保护下,将化合物3、芳香烃碘代物nI、三苯基膦按摩尔比为1:1.2:0.2加入到三乙胺和DMF的体积比为2.5:1的混合液中,60℃搅拌30分钟后升温至80℃,然后加入催化量的CuI和四(三苯基)膦合钯,80℃搅拌反应9小时,分离纯化产物,得到含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子(nN-1)。
上述含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子中,x的取值为1,y的取值为0,其合成路线和具体合成步骤如下所示:
1、化合物1的合成
按照上述方法合成化合物1。
2、目标化合物的合成
以甲苯与蒸馏水的体积比为4:1的混合物为溶剂,在N2保护下,将上述化合物1、含氟芳香烃炔醇nFOH、四正丁基溴化铵、四(三苯基)膦合钯、氢氧化钾按摩尔比为1:1.2:0.1:0.03:12,80℃搅拌反应12小时,分离纯化产物,得到含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子(nFN-1)。
上述含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子中,x的取值为0或1,y的取值为1时,其合成路线和具体合成步骤如下所示:
1、化合物4的合成
在N2保护下,将4-吡啶硼酸、3-氟-4-溴碘苯、碳酸钾按摩尔比为1:1.2:3加入到DMF和H2O的体积比为5:1的混合液中,40℃搅拌30分钟后升温至60℃,然后加入催化量的四(三苯基)膦合钯,60℃搅拌反应15小时,分离纯化产物,得到化合物4。
2、目标化合物的合成
以甲苯与蒸馏水的体积比为4:1的混合物为溶剂,在N2保护下,将化合物4、含氟芳香烃炔醇nFOH或不含氟芳香烃炔醇nOH、四正丁基溴化铵、四(三苯基)膦合钯、氢氧化钾按摩尔比为1:1.2:0.1:0.03:12,80℃搅拌反应12小时,分离纯化产物,得到含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子。
本发明的芳香烃碘代物nI、含氟芳香烃炔醇nFOH或不含氟芳香烃炔醇nOH根据公开号为CN 103805208A、发明名称为《双环己基乙撑基取代二苯炔液晶化合物及其制备方法》的中国发明专利申请中公开的方法合成。
本发明的含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子在制备染料敏化太阳能电池中的用途,其具体使用方法如下:
1、导电玻璃预处理
将导电玻璃依次在洗涤剂、乙醇、去离子水中用频率为40Hz、功率为100W的超声波清洗30分钟至1小时,110℃下烘干备用。
2、配制染料溶液
将含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子溶于乙腈与叔丁醇的体积比为1:1的混合溶剂中,配制成浓度为0.3mmol/L的染料溶液。
3、配制电解质溶液
将四丁基碘化铵、碘化锂、碘、对叔丁基吡啶加入乙腈中,配制成电解质溶液,电解质溶液中四丁基碘化铵、碘化锂、碘、对叔丁基吡啶的浓度分别为0.6mol/L、0.1mol/L、0.05mol/L、0.5mol/L。
4、制备光阳极
采用丝网印刷技术在预处理后的导电玻璃上制备面积为0.25cm2、厚度为12~20μm的纳米多孔TiO2薄膜,450℃烧结30分钟,自然降温至室温,制备成光阳极。
5、制备工作电极
将光阳极在染料溶液中浸渍12~24小时,得到敏化的工作电极。
6、制备对电极
采用丝网印刷技术在预处理后的导电玻璃上制备面积为0.25cm2、厚度为4~6μm的铂浆料,制备成对电极。
7、密封
在电极的周边位置,通过印刷喷涂把沙林热封膜均匀置于设定位置,工作电极和对电极合上并密封,电解质溶液通过真空倒吸灌注,密封,制得染料敏化太阳能电池。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子具有正介电各向异性,且具有一定的向列相液晶区间,可应用于TN显示模式和IPS显示模式。
2、本发明通过在反式环己烷与苯环之间插入能够自由旋转的乙撑桥键,且在分子结构中引入反式环己基、侧氟取代基、二苯乙炔等结构,使该液晶化合物的相溶性较好。
3、本发明选用吡啶环为末端基,与传统的以柔性的烷基链为端基的液晶化合物相比,具有清亮点高的特点,由于混合液晶化合物的清亮点和单体的清亮点存在正相关的关系,故利用本发明液晶化合物可以拓宽液晶混合物的应用范围。
4、本发明首次将含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子作为染料敏化剂,应用在染料敏化太阳能电池中。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备的含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子制备的染料敏化太阳能电池的J-V曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围不仅限于这些实施例。
实施例1
合成含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子3N-1,具体合成方法如下:
1、化合物1的合成
在N2保护下,把1.04g(8.46mmol)4-吡啶硼酸、2.83g(10.00mmol)对溴碘苯、3.50g(25.38mmol)碳酸钾、10mL H2O和50mLDMF加到装有温度计、冷凝管、磁力搅拌子的100mL三颈瓶中,40℃搅拌30分钟后升温至60℃,然后加入0.28g(0.24mmol)四(三苯基)膦合钯,60℃下继续反应15小时,反应液自然冷却至室温,用二氯甲烷分三次萃取反应液,最后合并有机相,用盐水洗涤有机相3次,无水硫酸镁干燥半小时,抽滤后回收溶剂,再采用石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比为5:1的洗脱剂进行柱色谱分离纯化,得到淡黄色化合物1,其收率为79.50%。
2、化合物2的合成
在N2保护下,将1.02g(4.35mmol)化合物1、0.84g(8.55mmol)三甲基乙炔基硅、0.09g(0.35mmol)三苯基膦、15mLDMF和30mL三乙胺加到装有温度计、冷凝管、磁力搅拌子的100mL三颈瓶中,60℃搅拌30分钟后升温至80℃,然后加入0.04g(0.21mmol)CuI、0.26g(0.22mmol)四(三苯基)膦合钯,80℃下继续反应9小时,反应液自然冷却到室温后,用二氯甲烷分三次萃取反应液,合并有机相,用盐水洗涤有机相3次,无水硫酸镁干燥半小时,抽滤后回收溶剂,再采用石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比为5:1的洗脱剂进行柱色谱分离纯化,得到淡黄色化合物2,其收率为78.5%。
3、化合物3的合成
将1.67g(6.65mmol)化合物2、2.76g(20.00mmol)碳酸钾和40mL甲醇加到装有冷凝管、磁力搅拌子的100mL单口瓶中,室温下搅拌2小时,所得反应液用二氯甲烷分三次萃取后合并有机相,用盐水洗涤有机相3次,无水硫酸镁干燥半小时,抽滤后回收溶剂,自然干燥,得到白色化合物3(不进行后处理,下一步反应直接使用)。
4、含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子3N-1的合成
在N2保护下,将0.61g(3.41mmol)化合物3、1.46g(4.10mmol)芳香烃碘代物3I、0.18g(0.73mmol)三苯基膦、10mL DMF和25mL三乙胺加到装有温度计、冷凝管、磁力搅拌子的100mL三颈瓶中,60℃搅拌30分钟后升温至80℃,然后加入0.03g(0.16mmol)CuI、0.11g(0.09mmol)四(三苯基)膦合钯,80℃搅拌反应9小时,待反应液自然冷却至室温后,用二氯甲烷分三次萃取反应液,合并有机相,用盐水洗涤有机相3次,无水硫酸镁干燥半小时,抽滤后回收溶剂,再采用石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比为5:1的洗脱剂进行柱色谱分离纯化,得到白色目标产物3N-1,其收率为74.73%,HPLC纯度99.30%,结构表征数据如下:
13C-NMR(CDCl3为溶剂,内标为TMS,101MHz,ppm):150.38,147.43,144.11,137.47,132.24,131.62,128.48,126.87,124.49,121.36,120.05,91.40,88.22,39.79,39.07,37.53,37.52,33.37,33.25,33.22,20.05,14.44。
1H-NMR(CDCl3为溶剂,内标为TMS,400MHz,ppm):8.68(d,J=4.6Hz,2H),7.63(s,4H),7.55-7.43(m,4H),7.18(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),2.70-2.58(m,2H),1.87-1.70(m,4H),1.58-1.46(m,2H),1.39-1.28(m,2H),1.26-1.11(m,4H),1.03-0.82(m,7H)。
利用Leika DM2500P偏光显微镜和Linkam THMSE600冷热台测试合成的化合物3N-1的热性能,结果表明该化合物具有液晶相,相变性质为Cr 138℃N 235℃I228℃N 128℃Cr,Cr表示晶体,I表示各向同性液体。该液晶化合物为互变热致型液晶化合物,清亮点为235℃,有利于拓宽液晶混合物的应用范围。通过偏光显微镜观察,该化合物在升降温过程都具有典型的向列相。
实施例2
合成含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子3FN-1,具体合成方法如下:
1、化合物1的合成
按照实施例1步骤1的方法制备化合物1。
2、含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子3FN-1的合成
在N2保护下,将3.09g(9.36mmol)含氟芳香烃炔醇3FOH、0.25g(0.78mmol)四正丁基溴化铵、5.24g(93.6mmol)氢氧化钾、16mL甲苯和4mL蒸馏水加入到装有温度计、磁力搅拌子、冷凝管的三口烧瓶中,将三口烧瓶置于油浴锅中,并升温至60℃反应40分钟,待固体完全溶解后,加入1.83g(7.8mmol)化合物1和0.27g(0.23mmol)四(三苯基)膦合钯,升温至80℃,恒温搅拌反应12小时,结束反应,将反应液冷却至室温,并用硅藻土过滤,滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取,分液后得到有机相水洗至中性,再用无水硫酸镁干燥后浓缩,浓缩液进行柱色谱分离纯化(以硅胶为固定相、以石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为5:1的混合液为洗脱液),将分离纯化后的液体浓缩后用乙醇重结晶,得到白色晶体3FN-1,即含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子,其收率为40%,HPLC纯度99.40%,结构表征数据如下:
13C-NMR(CDCl3为溶剂,内标为TMS,101MHz,ppm):163.60,161.30,150.31,,146.74,137.78,133.02,132.27,126.84,124.06,124.05,121.37,115.07,108.34,92.96,84.64,39.69,38.66,37.44,37.37,33.15,33.12,19.91,14.36。
1H-NMR(CDCl3为溶剂,内标为TMS,400MHz,ppm):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)8.70(s,2H),8.70(s,2H),7.73-7.61(m,4H),7.53(d,J=5.4Hz,2H),7.63-7.19(m,4H),7.44(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.02-6.90(m,2H),6.97-6.93(m,1H),2.71-2.59(m,2H),2.67-2.61(m,1H),1.82-1.72(m,4H),1.58-1.47(m,2H),1.81-0.84(m,21H),1.38-1.26(m,2H),1.24-1.13(m,4H),0.93(m,7H)。
利用Leika DM2500P偏光显微镜和Linkam THMSE600冷热台测试合成的化合物3FN-1的热性能,结果表明该化合物具有液晶相,相变性质为Cr 108.3℃N 218.6℃I 215.1℃N 84.7℃Cr,Cr表示晶体,I表示各向同性液体。该液晶化合物为互变热致型液晶化合物,清亮点为218.6℃,可以有效拓宽液晶混合物的应用范围。通过偏光显微镜观察,该化合物在升降温过程都具有典型的向列相。
实施例3
合成含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子3F2N-1,具体合成方法如下:
1、化合物4的合成
在实施例1的步骤1中,所用的对溴碘苯用等摩尔的3-氟-4-溴碘苯替换,其他步骤与实施例1的步骤1相同,得到化合物4。
2、含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子3F2N-1的合成
在实施例2的步骤2中,所用化合物1用等摩尔的化合物4替换,其他步骤与实施例2的步骤2相同,得到含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子3F2N-1。经过核磁结构确认数据表明为目标产物,其液晶相变性能与实施例2无实质性差别,此处不再赘述。
实施例4
实施例1制备的含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子3N-1在制备染料敏化太阳能电池中的用途,具体使用方法如下:
1、导电玻璃预处理
将导电玻璃依次在洗涤剂、乙醇、去离子水中用频率为40Hz、功率为100W的超声波清洗30分钟至1小时,110℃下烘干备用。
2、配制染料溶液
将含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子溶于乙腈与叔丁醇的体积比为1:1的混合溶剂中,配制成浓度为0.3mmol/L的染料溶液。
3、配制电解质溶液
将四丁基碘化铵、碘化锂、碘、对叔丁基吡啶加入乙腈中,配制成电解质溶液,电解质溶液中四丁基碘化铵、碘化锂、碘、对叔丁基吡啶的浓度分别为0.6mol/L、0.1mol/L、0.05mol/L、0.5mol/L。
4、制备光阳极
采用丝网印刷技术在预处理后的导电玻璃上制备面积为0.25cm2、厚度为15μm的纳米多孔TiO2薄膜,450℃烧结30分钟,自然降温至室温,制备成光阳极。
5、制备工作电极
将光阳极在染料溶液中浸渍24小时,得到敏化的工作电极。
6、制备对电极
采用丝网印刷技术在预处理后的导电玻璃上制备面积为0.25cm2、厚度为6μm的铂浆料,制备成对电极。
7、密封
在电极的周边位置,通过印刷喷涂把沙林热封膜均匀置于设定位置,工作电极和对电极合上并密封,电解质溶液通过真空倒吸灌注,密封,制得染料敏化太阳能电池。
采用J-V特性测试系统(型号为IV Test Station2000,由美国CROWNTECH公司生产)对制备的太阳能电池进行测试,电池的短路电流密度为0.34mA/cm2、开路电压为490.49V、填充因子为0.56、光电转化效率0.09%。
Claims (5)
1.一种含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子,其特征在于该化合物的结构式如下所示:
式中CnH2n+1代表C2~C5直链烷基,x和y的取值为0或1;该化合物作为染料敏化剂用于制备染料敏化太阳能电池。
2.权利要求1所述的含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子的制备方法,其中x和y的取值为0,其特征在于它由下述步骤组成:
(1)化合物1的合成
在N2保护下,将4-吡啶硼酸、对溴碘苯、碳酸钾按摩尔比为1:1.2:3加入到DMF和H2O的体积比为5:1的混合液中,40℃搅拌30分钟后升温至60℃,然后加入催化量的四(三苯基)膦合钯,60℃搅拌反应15小时,分离纯化产物,得到化合物1;
(2)化合物2的合成
在N2保护下,将化合物1、三甲基乙炔基硅、三苯基膦按摩尔比为1:2:0.08加入到DMF和三乙胺的体积比为1:2的混合液中,60℃搅拌30分钟后升温至80℃,然后加入催化量的CuI和四(三苯基)膦合钯,80℃搅拌反应9小时,分离纯化产物,得到化合物2;
(3)化合物3的合成
将化合物2和碳酸钾按摩尔比为1:3加入到甲醇中,室温搅拌2小时,分离产物,得到化合物3;
(4)目标化合物的合成
在N2保护下,将化合物3、芳香烃碘代物nI、三苯基膦按摩尔比为1:1.2:0.2加入到三乙胺和DMF的体积比为2.5:1的混合液中,60℃搅拌30分钟后升温至80℃,然后加入催化量的CuI和四(三苯基)膦合钯,80℃搅拌反应9小时,分离纯化产物,得到含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子;
3.权利要求1所述的含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子的制备方法,其中x的取值为1,y的取值为0,其特征在于它由下述步骤组成:
(1)化合物1的合成
在N2保护下,将4-吡啶硼酸、对溴碘苯、碳酸钾按摩尔比为1:1.2:3加入到DMF和H2O的体积比为5:1的混合液中,40℃搅拌30分钟后升温至60℃,然后加入催化量的四(三苯基)膦合钯,60℃搅拌反应15小时,分离纯化产物,得到化合物1;
(2)目标化合物的合成
以甲苯与蒸馏水的体积比为4:1的混合物为溶剂,在N2保护下,将化合物1、含氟芳香烃炔醇nFOH、四正丁基溴化铵、四(三苯基)膦合钯、氢氧化钾按摩尔比为1:1.2:0.1:0.03:12,80℃搅拌反应12小时,分离纯化产物,得到含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子;
4.权利要求1所述的含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子的制备方法,其中x的取值为0或1,y的取值为1,其特征在于它由下述步骤组成:
(1)化合物4的合成
在N2保护下,将4-吡啶硼酸、3-氟-4-溴碘苯、碳酸钾按摩尔比为1:1.2:3加入到DMF和H2O的体积比为5:1的混合液中,40℃搅拌30分钟后升温至60℃,然后加入催化量的四(三苯基)膦合钯,60℃搅拌反应15小时,分离纯化产物,得到化合物4;
(2)目标化合物的合成
以甲苯与蒸馏水的体积比为4:1的混合物为溶剂,在N2保护下,将化合物4、含氟芳香烃炔醇nFOH或不含氟芳香烃炔醇nOH、四正丁基溴化铵、四(三苯基)膦合钯、氢氧化钾按摩尔比为1:1.2:0.1:0.03:12,80℃搅拌反应12小时,分离纯化产物,得到含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子;
5.权利要求1所述的含吡啶末端基二苯乙炔类液晶分子在制备染料敏化太阳能电池中的用途。
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