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CN106288767B - 一种碳碳复合材料高温连续加热炉 - Google Patents

一种碳碳复合材料高温连续加热炉 Download PDF

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CN106288767B
CN106288767B CN201610826940.5A CN201610826940A CN106288767B CN 106288767 B CN106288767 B CN 106288767B CN 201610826940 A CN201610826940 A CN 201610826940A CN 106288767 B CN106288767 B CN 106288767B
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朱波
于宽
于丽媛
曹伟伟
乔琨
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Shandong University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种碳碳复合材料高温连续加热炉，带有保护气氛密封腔的、多层全碳碳复合材料结构的高温连续加热炉，该加热炉由保护气氛密封腔和加热炉体两部分组成，其中加热炉体包括马弗结构、电热元件、耐火层、保温层、炉壳五个主体部分，加热炉体的主要组成部分全由碳碳复合材料或碳素材料制备以保证整个加热设备的耐温性和稳定性，该高温连续加热炉的最高加热温度可达到2800℃，可实现高纯含碳量碳素制备的连续生产制备。

Description

一种碳碳复合材料高温连续加热炉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种加热炉，具体涉及一种碳碳复合材料高温连续加热炉。
背景技术
加热炉设备是各种金属、陶瓷以及碳素样品及工件加工处理的主要生产和实验设备，主要用于化工、冶金、石油、机械、电子、材料合成等各个领域。在高纯度难熔金属碳化物或高纯度碳素制品的加工过程中，对炉腔内高温环境的要求尤为关键，这就要求整个炉体有较好的保温性和高温持续性，同时密封性的要求也非常重要，面对2000℃以上的高温工作要求，普通金属材质的加热设备无论从密封保温性、加热持续性方面均存在不足，而高纯度碳素制备或难熔金属碳化物的加工又要求2000℃以上的持续高温加热处理，目前的加热炉很难实现2000℃以上的持续高温加热处理。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种碳碳复合材料高温连续加热炉，该加热炉的最高加热温度可达到2800℃，可实现高纯度碳素制品的连续生产制备。
一种碳碳复合材料高温连续加热炉，包括惰性气体密封腔和主体加热炉体；所述主体加热炉体的两端分别设置惰性气体密封腔；所述主体加热炉体由内到外设置马弗结构、电热元件、耐火层、保温层、炉壳；所述马弗结构为由碳纤维增强碳基体的复合材料制备得到的腔体，体密度在1.8-2.0g/cm3(该体密度的优点：致密性高，强度大)；优选：方形腔体。
所述马弗结构腔体内部与所述惰性气体密封腔连通；所述马弗结构腔体内部直接接入惰性气氛管路，所用的惰性气体为氮气、氩气中的任意一种，其纯度为99.999％以上。所述惰性气体密封腔与主体加热炉构成完全密封的稳定循环体系，实现工件加热过程中的气体保护，同时也保证了高纯度石墨样品制件等在连续化制备中进出料的气体保护。
所述马弗结构外壁排布笼式环状结构的碳碳复合材料电热元件，所述电热元件采用棒状或扁带状结构(优点：辐射加热面积大)紧密环绕在马弗结构外壁，环绕在马弗结构外壁的电热元件沿着炉体长度方向依次排布构成笼型结构，电热元件的引出端之间采用并联形式连入铜电极；优选：所述电极内带夹层，所述电极夹层可通入冷却水以避免加热过程中电极温度过高造成损伤。
所述马弗结构、电热元件、耐火层、保温层之间采用碳碳复合材料支撑体连接固定，通过石墨螺栓连接，优点：以保证整体的稳定性和密封性。
所述耐火层采用碳素纤维毡或短切碳纤维增强的碳基体复合材料制备，所述碳素纤维毡的体密度在0.1-0.3g/cm3(优点：密度低，孔隙率大，保温效果好)，优选：所述短切碳纤维的类型为T300或T700，短切长度为1cm-5cm，所述碳基体为沥青碳或醛树脂碳。耐火层的厚度根据炉体尺寸规格任意灵活调整。
所述保温层采用软质碳素纤维毡或硬质碳素纤维毡制备，所述软质碳素纤维毡的体密度为0.05-0.3g/cm3，所述硬质碳素纤维毡在所述软质碳素纤维毡基础上采用复合酚醛树脂碳化制备，所述复合酚醛树脂含量为所述硬质碳素纤维毡质量的5-20％。保温层的厚度根据炉体尺寸规格任意灵活调整。
所述炉壳采用碳纤维增强石墨复合材料制备，所述碳纤维增强石墨复合材料中碳纤维的含量为50-70％，炉壳采用中空夹层结构，夹层结构内埋入冷却水管路，以保证炉壁较低的热量损失和运行安全性。
所述主体加热炉的进出料采用机械推拉装置实现，优选：手动机械推拉装置，可灵活控制工件进出料以保证连续化生产需要。
优选：所述惰性气体密封舱，宽度为10cm-400cm，高度为10-50cm，有效长度为0.5-3米，具体的尺寸根据高温加热炉的气体密封要求可灵活设计。
优选：所述惰性气体密封舱，所填充的惰性气体为氮气或氩气，其纯度为99.999％以上。
优选：所述主体加热炉的有效加热区宽度为10cm-400cm，高度为10-50cm，有效长度为1-20米，具体的尺寸根据加热制品的要求可灵活设计。
优选：惰性气体接入管路带有自动切换装置，根据加热工件的温度要求，在1800℃以下采用氮气保护，在1800℃-2800℃高温环境下自动切换为氩气保护模式。
优选：所述机械推拉装置包括设置在主体加热炉内的导轨和传动杆以及推拉弹簧，所述推拉弹簧给该装置提供动力，所述传动杆及导轨上配有n个托盘以装盛被处理工件，当加热完毕出料时，推拉弹簧推动传动杆沿着导轨前进，将炉膛内的托盘从一侧顶出，同时在进入侧加装待处理物料。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明的加热炉从密封结构、耐火结构、保温结构以及炉壳等全部采用碳素复合材料制备，从而根本上实现了整个设备的高温稳定性。整个高温连续石墨加热炉采用全碳素复合材料结构组成，有效保证了整个加热过程的高温稳定性和连续高温加热要求。
(2)采用笼式环状结构形式的电热元件排布，使马弗结构周围实现均匀加热，有效保证加热的一致性和整个连续炉膛内的较低温度变化，电热元件采用铜电极引出，同时在铜电极内部设有冷却水夹层，有效保护长时间连续加热过程的电极安全性。
(3)采用惰性气氛保护自动切换装置有效保证高低温两套保护气氛的灵活切换，有效避免加热过程中制件因气密性不足而出现的氧化问题。
(4)采用两端惰性气体密封舱结构，有效保证进出料过程中加热炉体内的工件气氛保护。
附图说明
图1为实施例1加热炉的主体布置图，其中1、惰性气体密封腔，2、主体加热炉；
图2为实施例1的主体加热炉的结构示意图，其中，3、马弗结构炉腔，4、马弗结构，5、电热元件，6、铜电极，7、耐火层，8、保温层，9、冷却水管路，10、炉壳炉体，11、支撑体，12、手动机械推拉装置，13、导轨，14、托盘。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种碳碳复合材料高温连续加热炉对高纯度碳毡样品加工的具体实施如下：
如图1，首先，将待处理的高纯度碳毡样品置于托盘14中，将多个托盘放入马弗结构炉腔3中的导轨13上，通过手动机械推拉装置12推入马弗结构炉腔3中，将两端惰性气体密封腔1与主体加热炉2连接，使其形成密闭通路，充入纯度为99.999％以上的氩气保护。
待气体压力稳定后，开启加热元件5升温至2300℃完成对高纯度碳毡样品的高温处理过程，整个处理过程保证铜电极6和炉壳10中的冷却水畅通。
最后，待高温处理完成后，关闭电热元件5，同时保证铜电极6和炉壳10中的冷却水畅通持续循环，待温度降至室温时，开启惰性气体密封腔1与主体加热炉2，通过手动机械推拉装置12将托盘14依次推出并放入装有待处理的碳毡样品的新托盘，完成一次高纯度碳毡样品加工过程。
实施例2
一种碳碳复合材料高温连续加热炉对高密度碳碳复合材料样品加工的具体实施包括：
首先，将待处理的高密度碳碳复合材料样品置于托盘14中，将多个托盘放入马弗结构炉腔3中的导轨13上，通过手动机械推拉装置12推入马弗结构炉腔3中，将两端惰性气体密封腔1与主体加热炉2连接，使其形成密闭通路，充入纯度为99.999％以上的氩气保护。
待气体压力稳定后，开启加热元件5升温至2800℃完成对高密度碳碳复合材料样品的高温处理过程，整个处理过程保证铜电极6和炉壳10中冷却水畅通。
最后，待高温处理完成后，关闭电热元件5，同时保证铜电极6和炉壳10中的冷却水畅通持续循环，待温度降至室温时，开启惰性气体密封腔1与主体加热炉2，通过手动机械推拉装置12将托盘14依次推出并放入装有待处理的高密度碳碳复合材料样品的新托盘，完成一次高密度碳碳复合材料样品的加工过程。
实施例3
一种碳碳复合材料高温连续加热炉对高纯度碳化钛样品加工的具体实施包括：
首先，将待处理的二氧化钛和炭黑粉体样品置于托盘14中，将多个托盘放入马弗结构炉腔3中的导轨13上，通过手动机械推拉装置12推入马弗结构炉腔3中，将两端惰性气体密封腔1与主体加热炉2连接，使其形成密闭通路，充入纯度为99.999％以上的氮气保护。
待气体压力稳定后，开启加热元件5升温至1500℃完成对二氧化钛和炭黑粉体样品的高温处理过程，整个处理过程保证铜电极6和炉壳10中冷却水畅通。
最后，待高温处理完成后，关闭电热元件5，同时保证铜电极6和炉壳10中的冷却水畅通持续循环，待温度降至室温时，开启气体密封舱1与主体加热炉2，通过手动机械推拉装置12将托盘14依次推出并放入装有待处理的二氧化钛和炭黑粉体样品的新托盘，完成一次高纯度碳化钛样品加工过程。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (9)

1.一种碳碳复合材料高温连续加热炉，其特征是：包括惰性气体密封腔和主体加热炉体，所述主体加热炉体的两端分别设置惰性气体密封腔，所述主体加热炉体由内到外设置马弗结构、电热元件、耐火层、保温层、炉壳，所述马弗结构为由碳纤维增强碳基体的复合材料制备得到的腔体，所述马弗结构腔体内部与所述惰性气体密封腔连通；所述电热元件为碳碳复合材料制备得到，电热元件的引出端之间采用并联形式连入电极，所述耐火层采用碳素纤维毡或短切碳纤维增强的碳基体复合材料制备，所述保温层采用软质碳素纤维毡或硬质碳素纤维毡制备，所述炉壳采用碳纤维增强石墨复合材料制备，所述主体加热炉的进出料采用推拉装置实现；
所述马弗结构外壁排布笼式环状结构的电热元件，所述电热元件采用棒状或扁带状结构紧密环绕在马弗结构外壁，环绕在马弗结构外壁的电热元件沿着炉体长度方向依次排布构成笼型结构；
所述电热元件的引出端之间采用并联形式连入铜电极，所述电极内带夹层。
2.如权利要求1所述的加热炉，其特征是：所述马弗结构、电热元件、耐火层、保温层之间采用碳碳复合材料支撑体连接固定，通过石墨螺栓连接。
3.如权利要求1所述的加热炉，其特征是：所述短切碳纤维的类型为T300或T700，短切长度为1cm-5cm，所述碳基体为沥青碳或醛树脂碳。
4.如权利要求1所述的加热炉，其特征是：所述硬质碳素纤维毡在所述软质碳素纤维毡基础上采用复合酚醛树脂碳化制备，所述复合酚醛树脂含量为所述硬质碳素纤维毡质量的5-20％。
5.如权利要求1所述的加热炉，其特征是：所述炉壳采用碳纤维增强石墨复合材料制备。
6.如权利要求5所述的加热炉，其特征是：所述碳纤维增强石墨复合材料中碳纤维的含量为50-70％，所述炉壳采用中空夹层结构，夹层结构内埋入冷却水管路。
7.如权利要求1所述的加热炉，其特征是：所述马弗结构腔体内部直接接入惰性气氛管路，所述管路带有自动切换装置。
8.如权利要求1所述的加热炉，其特征是：所述推拉装置包括设置在主体加热炉内的导轨和传动杆以及推拉弹簧，所述推拉弹簧提供动力，所述传动杆及导轨上配有n个托盘装盛被处理工件。
9.如权利要求1所述的加热炉，其特征是：所述惰性气体密封舱，宽度为10cm-400cm，高度为10-50cm，有效长度为0.5-3米；所述主体加热炉的有效加热区宽度为10cm-400cm，高度为10-50cm，有效长度为1-20米。
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