CN105849125A - 神经调节蛋白变构抗her3抗体 - Google Patents
神经调节蛋白变构抗her3抗体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及神经调节蛋白(NRG)‑非竞争性变构抗人HER3抗体及其在诊断和治疗方法中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及神经调节蛋白(NRG)-非竞争性变构抗人HER3抗体及其在诊断和治疗方法中的用途。
发明背景
受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)的人表皮生长因子受体ErbB/HER家族包括四个成员:EGFR(ErbB1/HER1)、HER2(c-Neu,HER2)、HER3(HER3)和HER4(HER4)。HER受体包含由四个结构域(标记为1至4)组成的胞外糖基化结构域、随后是跨膜结构域和用于偶联至信号转导途径的含有激酶结构域的胞内C-末端部分。除了HER3,该胞内区域含有酪氨酸激酶活性。信号转导通过通过配体诱导的受体二聚化和随后的导致细胞质信号转导途径活化的磷酸化介导。HER2没有特异性配体,因为它天然处于“活性”构象。其它HER受体作为无活性单体存在,其中分子以阻止二聚化的方式折叠。结合至结构域1和3的配体诱导主要构象变化,最终暴露所述受体的结构域2中的二聚化环。二聚化环的这种暴露允许受体二聚化。
首次在1990年描述的HER3受体是仅有的缺乏内在激酶活性的HER家族成员受体,并且下游信号转导通过异源二聚化实现。因此,作为单体的HER3受体被称为“非自身的(non-self)”并且不能形成同二聚体。配体神经调节蛋白(NRG)与HER3受体的结合触发HER3与其它HER家族受体(HER2优先)的异源二聚化。在该异源二聚体内,HER3激酶结构域充当其HER家族伴侣的变构活化剂。
HER3涉及各种癌症包括乳腺癌和卵巢癌的肿瘤形成(Lee-Hoeflich ST,CancerRes.2008;McIntyre E,Breast Cancer Res Treat.2010;Tanner B,J Clin Oncol.2006)。HER3表达与肿瘤进展和恶性黑色素瘤和转移中的患者存活减少相关,并且与卵巢癌中的存活降低相关。重要地,在乳腺癌中,具有低HER2表达的肿瘤,其不适于赫赛汀(Herceptin)治疗,经常被“程序化”以强烈表达HER3(Smith等Br.J.Cancer 2004),以及HER2+++肿瘤,其在长期治疗后变得对赫赛汀耐药,被“再程序化”以强烈表达HER3(Narayan,CancerRes.2009)。西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab)抗性也与肺癌(Wheeler,Oncogene 2008)和结肠直肠癌(Lu Cancer Res 2007)中的HER3过表达,以及EGFR内化/降解的失调相关。最近,HER3过表达与结肠直肠癌中的更差的无转移存活相关(Ho-Pun-Cheung,Int J Cancer 2010)。因此,HER3过表达和通过PI3K/AKT途径活化的补偿性信号转导涉及对用HER-靶向疗法(抗体和TKI)(Wheeeler 2008,Lu 2007,Narayan,2009,Sergina,2007)而且对用IGFR-靶向疗法(Desbois-Mouthon,Clin Cancer Res 2009)和用化疗剂(Kruser,Exp Cell Res 2010)的治疗耐药的发展中。
所有这些发现表明,HER3-靶向剂,并且尤其是抗体,可有助于进一步理解HER3信号转导在癌症中的作用并且特别是用作有效的免疫治疗剂。
目前,没有治疗性抗HER3抗体销售,尽管特定文献强烈强调靶向HER3在治疗肿瘤学中的意义。两种人抗体目前处于Merrimack Pharmaceuticals/Sanofi Aventis(MM-121抗体;PCT WO2008/100624)和U3PharmaAG/Daiichi Sankyo/Amgen(U3-1287或AMG-888;PCTWO2007/077028)的开发中。MM-121抗体参与在NSCLC的I期临床试验和ER+PR+HER2-乳腺癌中的I/II期试验。U3-1287抗体与厄洛替尼(Erlotinib)联合处于NSCLC中的I期中。一种EGFR/HER3双特异性抗体MEHD7945A(Genentech;PCT WO2010/108127)仍然处于研究开发中。一种HER2/HER3双特异性抗体MM-111(Merrimack Pharmaceuticals;PCT WO2005/117973,WO2006/091209)在HER2-扩增的乳腺癌中,单独或与曲妥珠单抗或拉帕替尼组合,参与I/II期临床试验。
所有以上提及的抗体阻断HER3受体的调蛋白-结合位点,由此减少对嗜配体肿瘤(ligand-addicted tumors)的这些抗体疗法。用不针对HER3受体的调蛋白-结合位点的抗体靶向HER3应使得可能在耐药性HER2-扩增乳腺癌中绕过对靶向疗法或化疗的耐药性,拓宽靶向疗法对HER2低乳腺癌(其目前不适于这种治疗)的应用领域,或者治疗三阴性乳腺癌(其表达HER3并且还没有可用的靶向疗法)。
发明概述
本发明涉及神经调节蛋白(NRG)-非竞争性变构抗人HER3抗体及其在诊断和治疗方法中的用途。
发明详述
本发明人已经表征鼠抗人HER3抗体,命名为9F7-F11,其在配体神经调节蛋白存在的情况下对HER3阳性细胞具有独特的特异性。具体而言,本发明人已经表明当神经调节蛋白存在时,9F7-F11/HER3亲和力不受抑制(9F7-F11抗体是神经调节蛋白非竞争性的),但是此外,当神经调节蛋白存在于HER3阳性细胞的环境中时,9F7-F11/HER3亲和力被变构增加(9F7-F11是变构抗HER3抗体)。NRG-非竞争性变构抗体9F7-F11抑制MAPK、AKT和p53途径,在G1期中阻断细胞周期,抑制细胞增殖,并恢复肿瘤细胞的凋亡。这种独特抗体9F7-F11降低嗜NRG胰腺癌和HER2-扩增或三阴性乳腺癌的肿瘤生长,并且与HER2组合曲妥珠单抗/帕妥珠单抗或单独使用的HER2抗体相比,与HER-2特异性抗体帕妥珠单抗组合时更有效。
与缺乏变构效应的配体竞争性抗体或配体非竞争性抗体(其靶向更受限的HER3活化的机制)相比,治疗性抗体9F7-F11将在广谱肿瘤中具有临床效用。由于其变构效应,当神经调节蛋白由肿瘤分泌(自分泌)或由微环境分泌(旁分泌)时,NRG-非竞争性抗体9F7-F11将比其它抗体对配体依赖性肿瘤更有效。由于其变构效应,当由神经调节蛋白的上调介导的耐药性发生(即,结肠直肠癌中的西妥昔单抗耐药性)时,抗体9F7-F11会更有效。由于其变构效应,当受体在配体活化之后异源二聚化时,9F7-F11结合可能得到改进。综上,NRG-非竞争性变构抗人HER3抗体9F7-F11可以用于治疗其中现有治疗性抗体在临床上无效的病症。
总之,本发明的抗体相比于现有技术中描述的抗HER3抗体提供以下优点:
-它们是变构抗体
-它们是神经调节蛋白非竞争性的
-它们提供更广谱的作用(配体非依赖性和配体依赖性癌症)
-它们对自分泌或旁分泌配体依赖性肿瘤更有效(由于其变构效应)
-当HER3配体的上调介导的耐药性(例如:对抗体或TKI、对化疗剂、对抗激素剂的耐药性)发生时,它们更有效。
-它们可用于治疗其中现有的治疗性抗体在临床上无效的病症,诸如三阴性乳腺癌、胰腺癌、其它生态位(例如:肾细胞癌)
定义:
术语“神经调节蛋白”具有其在本领域中的一般含义,且经常与术语“调蛋白”互换使用。调蛋白家族包括α、β和γ调蛋白(Holmes等,Science,256:1205-1210(1992);美国专利号5,641,869;和Schaefer等Oncogene 15:1385-1394(1997));neu分化因子(NDFs)、神经胶质生长因子(GGFs);乙酰胆碱受体诱导活性(ARIA);和感觉和运动神经元衍生因子(SMDF)。对于综述,参见Groenen等Growth Factors 11:235-257(1994);Lemke,G.Molec.&Cell.Neurosci.7:247-262(1996)and Lee etal.Pharm.Rev.47:51-85(1995);Falls andD.(2003)."Neuregulins:functions,forms,and signaling strategies."ExperimentalCell Research 284(1):14-30。
术语“HER3”是指如Plowman等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,87:4905-4909(1990);还参见Kani等,Biochemistry 44:15842-857(2005),Cho and Leahy,Science 297:1330-1333(2002))中描述的人HER3受体。HER3也称为“HER3”。
术语“抗人HER3抗体”是指针对人HER3的抗体。
根据本发明,“抗体”或“免疫球蛋白”具有相同的意义,并且在本发明中等同地使用。如本文所使用,术语“抗体”是指免疫球蛋白分子和免疫球蛋白分子的免疫活性部分,即含有免疫特异性结合抗原的抗原结合位点的分子。因此,术语抗体不仅涵盖完整抗体分子,而且涵盖抗体片段以及抗体和抗体片段的变体(包括衍生物)。在天然抗体中,两条重链通过二硫键彼此连接,并且每条重链通过二硫键与轻链连接。存在两种类型的轻链,λ(l)和κ(k)。存在五种主要的重链类型(或同种型),其决定抗体分子的功能活性:IgM,IgD,IgG,IgA和IgE。每条链含有独特的序列结构域。轻链包括两个结构域,可变结构域(VL)和恒定结构域(CL)。重链包括四个结构域,可变结构域(VH)和三个恒定结构域(CH1、CH2和CH3,统称为CH)。轻链(VL)和重链(VH)两者的可变区决定对抗原的结合识别和特异性。轻链(CL)和重链(CH)的恒定区结构域赋予重要的生物学性质,诸如抗体链缔合、分泌、跨胎盘移动性、补体结合和结合Fc受体(FcR)。Fv片段是免疫球蛋白的Fab片段的N-端部分,并且由一条轻链和一条重链的可变部分构成。抗体的特异性在于抗体结合位点与抗原决定簇之间的结构互补性。抗体结合位点由主要来自高变区或互补决定区(CDR)的残基构成。有时,来自非高变区或框架区(FR)的残基影响总体结构域结构,并因此影响结合位点。互补决定区或CDR是指一起限定天然免疫球蛋白结合位点的天然Fv区的结合亲和力和特异性的氨基酸序列。免疫球蛋白的轻链和重链各自具有三个CDR,分别命名为L-CDR1、L-CDR2、L-CDR3和H-CDR1、H-CDR2、H-CDR3。因此,抗原结合位点包括六个CDR,包含来自重链和轻链V区域各自的CDR集合。框架区(FR)是指插在CDR之间的氨基酸序列。
术语“嵌合抗体”是指包含源自9F7-F11抗体的抗体的VH结构域和VL结构域以及人抗体的CH结构域和CL结构域的抗体。
根据本发明,术语“人源化抗体”是指具有来自人抗体的可变区框架和恒定区、但保留9F7-F11抗体的CDR的抗体。
术语“Fab”表示具有约50,000的分子量和抗原结合活性的抗体片段,其中在通过用蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶)处理IgG而获得的片段间,H链的N-端侧的约一半与整个L链通过二硫键结合在一起。
术语“F(ab’)2”是指具有约100,000的分子量和抗原结合活性的抗体片段,在通过用蛋白酶(胃蛋白酶)处理IgG而获得的片段间,其略大于通过铰链区的二硫键结合的Fab。
术语“Fab’”是指具有约50,000的分子量和抗原结合活性的抗体片段,其通过切割F(ab’)2的铰链区的二硫键而获得。
单链Fv(“scFv”)多肽是共价连接的VH::VL异二聚体,其通常从包括通过肽编码接头连接的VH和VL编码基因的基因融合体表达。“dsFv”是通过二硫键稳定化的VH::VL异二聚体。二价和多价抗体片段可以通过单价scFv的缔合自发形成,或者可以通过用肽接头偶联单价scFv来生成,诸如二价sc(Fv)2。
术语“双特异抗体”是指具有两个抗原结合位点的小抗体片段,所述片段包含与同一多肽链中的轻链可变结构域(VL)相连的重链可变结构域(VH)(VH-VL)。通过使用太短而不允许同一链上的两个结构域之间配对的接头,迫使结构域与另一条链的互补结构域配对,并产生两个抗原结合位点。
“纯化的”或“分离的”当涉及本发明的抗体或涉及核苷酸序列时,意指所示分子在基本上不存在相同类型的其它生物大分子的情况下存在。如本文所使用,术语“纯化的”优选地意指存在至少75重量%、更优选地至少85重量%、更优选地至少95重量%、最优选地至少98重量%的相同类型的生物大分子。编码特定多肽的“分离的”核酸分子是指基本上不含不编码所述多肽的其它核酸分子的核酸分子;然而,所述分子可以包括不有害影响组合物的基本特征的一些另外的碱基或部分。
本发明的抗体:
本发明提供分离的神经调节蛋白(NRG)-非竞争性变构抗HER3抗体或其片段。具体而言,本发明人已经提出了产生鼠抗HER3抗体(9F7-F11)的杂交瘤。本发明人已经克隆并表征了所述mAb 9F7-F11的轻链和重链的可变结构域,并因此确定了所述抗体的互补决定区(CDR)结构域,如表1中所述:
表1:mAb 9F7-F11的VH、VL和CDR的氨基酸序列
因此,本发明涉及对HER3具有特异性的单克隆抗体,其包含重链,其中可变结构域包含具有选自H-CDR1的SEQ ID NO:2、H-CDR2的SEQ ID NO:3和H-CDR3的SEQ ID NO:4的序列的至少一个CDR。
本发明还涉及对HER3具有特异性的单克隆抗体,其包含轻链,其中可变结构域包含具有选自L-CDR1的SEQ ID NO:6、L-CDR2的SEQ ID NO:7和L-CDR3的SEQ ID NO:8的序列的至少一个CDR。
本发明的单克隆抗体可以包含重链,其中可变结构域包含具有选自H-CDR1的SEQID NO:2、H-CDR2的SEQ ID NO:3和H-CDR3的SEQ ID NO:4的序列的至少一个CDR,以及轻链,其中可变结构域包含具有选自L-CDR1的SEQ ID NO:6、L-CDR2的SEQ ID NO:7和L-CDR3的SEQ ID NO:8的序列的至少一个CDR。
具体而言,本发明提供抗HER3单克隆抗体,所述抗体包含:重链可变区,其包含H-CDR1区中的SEQ ID NO:2、H-CDR2区中的SEQ ID NO:3和H-CDR3区中的SEQ ID NO:4;以及轻链可变区,其包含L-CDR1区中的SEQ ID NO:6、L-CDR2区中的SEQ ID NO:7和L-CDR3区中的SEQ ID NO:8。
在一种特定实施方式中,所述抗体的重链可变区具有如SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列,和/或轻链可变区具有如SEQ ID NO:5所示的氨基酸序列。
在另一种实施方式中,本发明的单克隆抗体是嵌合抗体,优选地是嵌合小鼠/人抗体。具体而言,所述小鼠/人嵌合抗体可以包含如上定义的9F7-F11抗体的可变结构域。
在另一种实施方式中,本发明的单克隆抗体是人源化抗体。具体而言,在所述人源化抗体中,可变结构域包含人受体框架区和任选的人恒定结构域(在存在的情况下),以及非人供体CDR,诸如如上面定义的小鼠CDR。
本发明进一步提供所述抗体的直接针对HER3的抗HER3片段,其包括但不限于Fv、Fab、F(ab’)2、Fab’、dsFv、scFv、sc(Fv)2和双特异抗体。
另一方面,本发明涉及具有选自SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ IDNO:4、SEQ ID NO:5、SEQ ID NO:6、SEQ ID NO:7和SEQ ID NO:8的序列的多肽。
产生本发明的抗体的方法:
本发明的抗人HER3抗体可以通过本领域中已知的任何技术来产生,所述技术诸如但不限于单独或组合的任何化学、生物学、遗传学或酶学技术。
知道所需序列的氨基酸序列,本领域技术人员可以通过用于产生多肽的标准技术容易地产生所述抗体。例如,可以使用众所周知的固相方法,优选地使用可商购的肽合成装置(诸如由Applied Biosystems,Foster City,California制造的装置)并遵循制造商的说明书来合成它们。或者,本发明的抗体可以通过本领域众所周知的重组DNA技术来合成。例如,可以在将编码抗体的DNA序列并入表达载体中并将这种载体引入表达所需抗体的合适的真核或原核宿主中之后,作为DNA表达产物来获得抗体,随后可以使用众所周知的技术从所述宿主分离抗体。
因此,本发明的一个进一步目的涉及编码本发明的抗体的核酸序列。
在一种特定实施方式中,本发明涉及编码可获得自杂交瘤9F7-F11的抗体的VH结构域或可获得自杂交瘤9F7-F11的抗体的VL结构域的核酸序列。
在一种特定实施方式中,本发明涉及包含序列SEQ ID NO:9的核酸序列。
在一种特定实施方式中,本发明涉及包含序列SEQ ID NO:10的核酸序列。
表2:本发明的mAb 9F7-F11的VH和VL结构域的核酸
通常,所述核酸是DNA或RNA分子,其可以包括于任何合适的载体诸如质粒、黏粒、附加体、人工染色体、噬菌体或病毒载体中。
术语“载体”、“克隆载体”和“表达载体”是指可以借以将DNA或RNA序列(例如外来基因)引入宿主细胞中以便转化宿主并促进引入序列的表达(例如转录和翻译)的媒介物。
因此,本发明的一个进一步目的涉及包含本发明的核酸的载体。
这种载体可以包含调控元件诸如启动子、增强子、终止子等,以在施用于受试者后引起或指导所述抗体的表达。在用于动物细胞的表达载体中使用的启动子和增强子的实例包括SV40的早期启动子和增强子(Mizukami T.等1987)、Moloney小鼠白血病病毒的LTR启动子和增强子(Kuwana Y等1987)、免疫球蛋白H链的启动子(Mason JO等1985)和增强子(Gillies SD等1983)等。
可以使用用于动物细胞的任何表达载体,只要可以插入并表达编码人抗体C区域的基因。合适的载体的实例包括pAGE107(Miyaji H等1990)、pAGE103(Mizukami T等1987)、pHSG274(Brady G等1984)、pKCR(O'Hare K等1981)、pSG1beta d2-4-(Miyaji H等1990)等。质粒的其它实例包括包含复制起点的复制型质粒或整合型质粒,诸如例如pUC、pcDNA、pBR等。病毒载体的其它实例包括腺病毒、反转录病毒、疱疹病毒和AAV载体。这种重组病毒可以通过本领域已知的技术来生产,所述技术诸如通过转染包装细胞或通过用辅助质粒或病毒瞬时转染。病毒包装细胞的典型实例包括PA317细胞、PsiCRIP细胞、GPenv+细胞、293细胞等。产生这种复制缺陷型重组病毒的详细方案可以在例如WO 95/14785、WO 96/22378、US5,882,877、US 6,013,516、US 4,861,719、US 5,278,056和WO 94/19478中找到。
本发明的一个进一步目的涉及已经用本发明的核酸和/或载体转染、感染或转化的宿主细胞。
术语“转化”意指将“外来”(即外部或细胞外的)基因、DNA或RNA序列引入宿主细胞中,以便宿主细胞将表达引入的基因或序列以产生所需物质,通常为引入的基因或序列编码的蛋白或酶。接受并表达引入的DNA或RNA的宿主细胞已经被“转化”。
本发明的核酸可用于在合适的表达系统中产生本发明的抗体。术语“表达系统”意指在合适条件下的宿主细胞和相容载体,例如用于由载体携带并引入宿主细胞的外来DNA编码的蛋白的表达。
常用表达系统包括大肠杆菌宿主细胞和质粒载体,昆虫宿主细胞和杆状病毒载体,以及哺乳动物宿主细胞和载体。宿主细胞的其它实例包括但不限于原核细胞(诸如细菌)和真核细胞(诸如酵母细胞、哺乳动物细胞、昆虫细胞、植物细胞等)。具体实例包括大肠杆菌、克鲁维酵母属或酵母属酵母、哺乳动物细胞系(例如Vero细胞、CHO细胞、3T3细胞、COS细胞等)以及原代或建立的哺乳动物细胞培养物(例如由成淋巴细胞、成纤维细胞、胚胎细胞、上皮细胞、神经细胞、脂肪细胞等产生)。实例还包括小鼠SP2/0-Ag14细胞(ATCCCRL1581)、小鼠P3X63-Ag8.653细胞(ATCC CRL1580)、二氢叶酸还原酶基因(在下文中称为“DHFR基因”)缺陷的CHO细胞(Urlaub G等,1980)、大鼠YB2/3HL.P2.G11.16Ag.20细胞(ATCCCRL1662,在下文中称为“YB2/0细胞”)等。
本发明还涉及产生表达本发明的抗体的重组宿主细胞的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:(i)在体外或离体将上述重组核酸或载体引入感受态宿主细胞中,(ii)在体外或离体培养获得的重组宿主细胞,以及(iii)任选地,选择表达和/或分泌所述抗体的细胞。这种重组宿主细胞可用于产生本发明的抗体。
在另一种特定实施方式中,该方法包括下列步骤:
(i)在适合于允许16D3-C1抗体表达的条件下培养杂交瘤9F7-F11;和
(ii)回收表达的抗体。
通过常规免疫球蛋白纯化程序,诸如例如蛋白A-琼脂糖、羟基磷灰石层析、凝胶电泳、透析或亲和层析,合适地从培养基分离本发明的抗体。
在一种特定实施方式中,本发明的人嵌合抗体可以通过如下产生:获得如前所述编码VL和VH结构域的核酸序列,通过将它们插入具有编码人抗体CH和人抗体CL的基因的用于动物细胞的表达载体中来构建人嵌合抗体表达载体,并通过将所述表达载体引入动物细胞中来表达所述编码序列。
作为人嵌合抗体的CH结构域,它可以是属于人免疫球蛋白的任何区域,但IgG类的区域是合适的,并且也可以使用属于IgG类的任一亚类,诸如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4。此外,作为人嵌合抗体的CL,它可以是属于Ig的任何区域,并且可以使用κ类或λ类的区域。
用于产生嵌合抗体的方法涉及本领域中众所周知的常规重组DNA和基因转染技术(参见Morrison SL.等,(1984)和专利文献US5,202,238;和US5,204,244)。
本发明的人源化抗体可以通过如下产生:获得如前所述的编码CDR结构域的核酸序列,通过将它们插入具有编码(i)与人抗体的重链恒定区相同的重链恒定区和(ii)与人抗体的轻链恒定区相同的轻链恒定区的基因的用于动物细胞的表达载体中构建人源化抗体表达载体,并通过将所述表达载体引入动物细胞中来表达所述基因。
人源化抗体表达载体可以是其中编码抗体重链的基因和编码抗体轻链的基因存在于单独的载体上的类型,或者是两个基因存在于同一载体上的类型(串联类型)。就构建人源化抗体表达载体的简易性、引入动物细胞的简易性以及抗体H和L链在动物细胞中的表达水平之间的平衡而言,串联类型的人源化抗体表达载体是优选的(Shitara K等,1994)。串联类型的人源化抗体表达载体的实例包括pKANTEX93(WO97/10354)、pEE18等。
基于常规的重组DNA和基因转染技术产生人源化抗体的方法在本领域中是众所周知的(参见例如Riechmann L.等,1988;Neuberger MS.等,1985)。抗体可以使用本领域中已知的各种技术进行人源化,所述技术包括例如CDR-接枝(EP239,400;PCT公开号WO91/09967;美国专利号5,225,539、5,530,101和5,585,089)、镶饰或表面重修(EP 592,106;EP519,596;Padlan EA(1991);Studnicka GM等,(1994);Roguska MA.等,(1994))和链改组(美国专利号5,565,332)。用于制备这种抗体的通用重组DNA技术也是已知的(参见欧洲专利申请EP125023和国际专利申请WO96/02576)。
本发明的Fab可以通过用蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶)处理与人HER3特异性反应的抗体来获得。此外,也可以通过将编码抗体的Fab的DNA插入用于原核表达系统或用于真核表达系统的载体中,并将载体引入原核生物或真核生物中(适当时)以表达Fab来产生Fab。
本发明的F(ab’)2可以通过用蛋白酶(胃蛋白酶)处理与人HER3特异性反应的抗体来获得。此外,也可以通过将如下所述的Fab’经由硫醚键或二硫键结合来产生F(ab’)2。
本发明的Fab’可以通过用还原剂(二硫苏糖醇)处理与人HER3特异性反应的F(ab’)2来获得。此外,也可以通过将编码抗体的Fab’片段的DNA插入用于原核生物的表达载体或用于真核生物的表达载体中,并将载体引入原核生物或真核生物中(适当时)以进行其表达来产生Fab’。
本发明的scFv可以通过如下生产:获得编码如前所述的VH和VL结构域的cDNA,构建编码scFv的DNA,将所述DNA插入用于原核生物的表达载体或用于真核生物的表达载体中,并然后将所述表达载体引入原核生物或真核生物中(适当时)以表达scFv。为了生成人源化的scFv片段,可以使用众所周知的被称为CDR接枝的技术,所述技术涉及从供体scFv片段选择互补决定区(CDR),并将它们接枝至三维结构已知的人scFv片段框架上(参见例如W098/45322、WO87/02671、US5,859,205、US5,585,089、US4,816,567、EP0173494)。
预期本文描述的抗体的氨基酸序列修饰。例如,可能希望改进抗体的结合亲和力和/或其它生物学性质。已知当仅仅通过简单地将源自非人动物的抗体的VH和VL中的CDR接枝于人抗体的VH和VL的FR中来产生人源化抗体时,抗原结合活性与源自非人动物的原始抗体的抗原结合活性相比降低。考虑到非人抗体的VH和VL的几个氨基酸残基(不仅在CDR中,而且在FR中)与抗原结合活性直接或间接相关。因此,用源自人抗体的VH和VL的FR的不同氨基酸残基置换这些氨基酸残基将降低结合活性。为了解决这一问题,在用人CDR接枝的抗体中,必须尝试在人抗体的VH和VL的FR的氨基酸序列间鉴定与结合至抗体直接相关、或者与CDR的氨基酸残基相互作用、或者维持抗体的三维结构并且与抗原结合直接相关的氨基酸残基。通过用源自非人动物的原始抗体的氨基酸残基替换鉴定的氨基酸可以提高所述降低的抗原结合活性。
修饰和改变可以在本发明抗体的结构中以及在编码它们的DNA序列中进行,并且仍获得编码具有所需特性的抗体的功能分子。
在氨基酸序列中进行改变时,可以考虑氨基酸的亲水性指数(hydropathicindex)。氨基酸亲水性指数在赋予蛋白相互活性生物功能中的重要性在本领域中是广泛理解的。公认的是氨基酸的相对亲水性特征对所得蛋白的二级结构有贡献,其进而定义所述蛋白与其它分子例如酶、底物、受体、DNA、抗体、抗原等的相互作用。在其疏水性和电荷特征的基础上为每种氨基酸指定了亲水性指数,这些是:异亮氨酸(+4.5);缬氨酸(+4.2);亮氨酸(+3.8);苯丙氨酸(+2.8);半胱氨酸/胱氨酸(+2.5);甲硫氨酸(+1.9);丙氨酸(+1.8);甘氨酸(-0.4);苏氨酸(-0.7);丝氨酸(-0.8);色氨酸(-0.9);酪氨酸(-1.3);脯氨酸(-1.6);组氨酸(-3.2);谷氨酸(-3.5);谷氨酰胺(-3.5);天冬氨酸(-3.5);天冬酰胺(-3.5);赖氨酸(-3.9);和精氨酸(-4.5)。
本发明的一个进一步目的还涵盖本发明的抗体的功能保守性变体。
“功能保守性变体”是蛋白或酶中的给定氨基酸残基已被改变而不改变所述多肽的总体构象和功能的变体,包括但不限于将氨基酸用具有相似性质(例如极性、氢键形成潜力、酸性、碱性、疏水性、芳香性等)的氨基酸置换。在蛋白中除了被指明为保守的那些之外的氨基酸可以不同,以使得功能相似的任何两个蛋白之间的蛋白或氨基酸序列相似性百分数可以变化,并且当通过例如根据其中相似性基于MEG ALIGN算法的Cluster方法根据比对方案进行测定时,可以为例如70%至99%。“功能保守性变体”还包括当通过BLAST或FASTA算法确定时具有至少60%、优选地至少75%、更优选地至少85%、更优选地至少90%、甚至更优选地至少95%的氨基酸同一性,并且具有与进行比较的天然或亲本蛋白相同或基本上相似的性质或功能的多肽。
当在较短序列的整个长度上超过80%、优选地超过85%、优选地超过90%的氨基酸相同,或者超过约90%、优选地超过95%的氨基酸相似(功能上相同)时,两个氨基酸序列是“基本上同源的”或“基本上相似的”。优选地,使用例如GCG(Genetics Computer Group,GCG软件包程序手册,第7版,Madison,Wisconsin)堆积程序或任何序列比较算法诸如BLAST、FASTA等,通过比对来鉴定相似或同源的序列。
例如,蛋白结构中的某些氨基酸可以被其它氨基酸置换而没有可察觉的活性丧失。由于蛋白的相互作用能力和特性限定蛋白的生物学功能活性,因此可以在蛋白序列中以及当然在其DNA编码序列中做出某些氨基酸置换,同时仍获得具有类似性质的蛋白。因此,预期可以在本发明的抗体序列或编码所述抗体的相应DNA序列中做出各种改变而没有可察觉的其生物活性的丧失。
在本领域中已知,某些氨基酸可以被具有相似亲水性指数或得分的其它氨基酸置换并仍产生具有相似生物活性的蛋白,即仍然获得生物学功能等同的蛋白。
因此,正如上面所概括,氨基酸替换通常基于氨基酸侧链取代基的相对相似性,例如它们的疏水性、亲水性、电荷、大小等。将各种上述特性考虑在内的示例性置换对于本领域技术人员是众所周知的,并且包括:精氨酸和赖氨酸;谷氨酸和天冬氨酸;丝氨酸和苏氨酸;谷氨酰胺和天冬酰胺;以及缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸。
因此,本发明还提供包含重链的抗体,其中可变结构域包含:
-与如SEQ ID NO:2所示的序列具有至少90%或95%同一性的H-CDR1,
-与如SEQ ID NO:3所示的序列具有至少90%或95%同一性的H-CDR2,
-与如SEQ ID NO:4所示的序列具有至少90%或95%同一性的H-CDR3,
-与如SEQ ID NO:6所示的序列具有至少90%或95%同一性的L-CDR1,
-与如SEQ ID NO:7所示的序列具有至少90%或95%同一性的L-CDR2,
-与如SEQ ID NO:8所示的序列具有至少90%或95%同一性的L-CDR3,并且
-所述抗体特异性结合HER3,其亲和力与下述抗体基本上相同,所述抗体包含其中可变结构域包含H-CDR1的SEQ ID NO:2、H-CDR2的SEQ ID NO:3和H-CDR3的SEQ ID NO:4的重链,以及其中可变结构域包含L-CDR1的SEQ ID NO:6、L-CDR2的SEQ ID NO:7和L-CDR3的SEQ ID NO:8的轻链,并且更优选地其亲和力与鼠抗HER3抗体9F7-F11基本上相同。
可以通过本领域已知的任何方法来测定所述抗体的特异性结合。许多不同的竞争性结合测定形式可用于表位框并(epitope binning)。可以使用的免疫测定法包括但不限于使用诸如western印迹的技术的竞争性测定系统、放射免疫测定法、ELISA、“夹心”免疫测定法、免疫沉淀测定法、沉淀素测定法、凝胶扩散沉淀素测定法、免疫放射测量分析、荧光免疫测定法、蛋白A免疫测定法和补体固定测定法。这种测定法在本领域中是常规且众所周知的(参见例如Ausubel等,eds,1994Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,Vol.1,John Wiley&sons,Inc.,New York)。例如,(GE Healthcare,Piscaataway,NJ)是常规用于单克隆抗体的表位框并组的多种表面等离子体共振测定形式之一。另外,可以进行常规的交叉阻断测定法,例如在Antibodies,A Laboratory Manual,Cold SpringHarbor Laboratory,Ed Harlow and David Lane,1988中所描述。
本发明的工程化抗体包括对VH和/或VL内的框架残基进行修饰以例如改进抗体性质的抗体。进行这种框架修饰通常是为了降低抗体的免疫原性。例如,一种方法是将一个或多个框架残基“回复突变”成相应的种系序列。更具体地,已经历体细胞突变的抗体可能含有与抗体所源自的种系序列不同的框架残基。这种残基可以通过将抗体框架序列与抗体所源自的种系序列进行比较来鉴定。为了使框架区序列返回至它们的种系构造,可以通过例如定点诱变或PCR介导的诱变将体细胞突变“回复突变”成种系序列。这种“回复突变的”抗体也意欲被本发明所涵盖。另一种类型的框架修饰包括对框架区内或甚至一个或多个CDR区内的一个或多个残基进行突变以除去T细胞表位,从而降低抗体的潜在免疫原性。这种方法也被称为“脱免疫(deimmunization)”,并且更详细描述于Carr等的美国专利公开号20030153043中。
除了在框架或CDR区内进行的修饰之外或替代这种修饰,可以对本发明的抗体进行工程化以在Fc区内包括修饰,通常用于改变抗体的一种或多种功能性能,诸如血清半衰期、补体固定、Fc受体结合和/或抗原依赖性细胞性细胞毒性。此外,可以对本发明的抗体进行化学修饰(例如可以将一个或多个化学部分连接至抗体)或进行修饰以改变其糖基化,再次改变抗体的一种或多种功能性质。这些实施方式中的每一种在下面进一步详细描述。Fc区中残基的编号方式是Kabat的EU索引的编号方式。
在一种实施方式中,对CH1的铰链区进行修饰以使得改变、例如增加或减少铰链区中半胱氨酸残基的数目。这种方法进一步描述于Bodmer等的美国专利号5,677,425中。改变CH1的铰链区中的半胱氨酸残基数量,以例如便于轻链和重链的组装或提高或降低抗体的稳定性。
在另一种实施方式中,对抗体的Fc铰链区进行突变以降低抗体的生物半衰期。更具体地,将一个或多个氨基酸突变引入Fc-铰链片段的CH2-CH3结构域界面区中,以使得抗体相对于天然Fc-铰链结构域的葡萄球菌蛋白A(SpA)结合具有减弱的SpA结合。这种方法进一步详细描述于Ward等的美国专利号6,165,745中。
在另一种实施方式中,对抗体进行修饰以增加其生物半衰期。各种方法都是可能的。例如,如Ward的美国专利号6,277,375中所述,可以引入一个或多个下列突变:T252L,T254S,T256F。或者,为了增加生物半衰期,可以在CH1或CL区中对抗体进行改变以含有从IgG的Fc区的CH2结构域的两个环获取的挽救受体结合表位,如Presta等的美国专利号5,869,046和6,121,022中所述。
在还有其它的实施方式中,通过将至少一个氨基酸残基用不同的氨基酸残基替换对Fc区进行改变,以改变抗体的效应子功能。例如,可以将一个或多个氨基酸用不同氨基酸残基替换,以使得抗体对效应配体具有改变的亲和力,但仍保留亲本抗体的抗原结合能力。亲和力被改变的效应配体可以是例如Fc受体或补体的C1组分。这种方法进一步详细描述于Winter等的美国专利号5,624,821和5,648,260中。
在另一种实施方式中,选自氨基酸残基的一个或多个氨基酸可以被不同的氨基酸残基替换,以使得抗体具有改变的C1q结合和/或降低或消除的补体依赖性细胞毒性(CDC)。这种方法进一步详细描述于Idusogie等的美国专利号6,194,551中。
在另一种实施方式中,改变一个或多个氨基酸残基,从而改变抗体固定补体的能力。这种方法进一步描述于Bodmer等的PCT公开WO94/29351中。
在又一种实施方式中,通过修饰一个或多个氨基酸对Fc区进行修饰以提高抗体介导抗体依赖性细胞性细胞毒性(ADCC)的能力和/或提高抗体对Fc受体的亲和力。这种方法进一步描述于Presta的PCT公开WO00/42072中。此外,人IgG1上对于FcγRI、FcγRII、FcγRIII和FcRn的结合位点已进行作图,并且具有提高的结合的变体已得到描述(参见Shields,R.L.等,2001J.Biol.Chen.276:6591-6604,WO2010106180)。
在又一种实施方式中,修饰抗体的糖基化。例如,可以制备无糖基化抗体(即抗体缺少糖基化)。可以改变糖基化以例如提高抗体对抗原的亲和力。这种碳水化合物修饰可以通过例如改变抗体序列内的一个或多个糖基化位点来实现。例如,可以进行一个或多个氨基酸置换,其导致一个或多个可变区框架糖基化位点的消除,从而消除该位点处的糖基化。这种脱糖基化可以提高抗体对抗原的亲和力。这种方法进一步详细描述于Co等的美国专利号5,714,350和6,350,861中。
另外地或可选地,可以制备具有改变的糖基化类型的抗体,诸如具有减少量或没有岩藻糖基残基的低岩藻糖基化或非岩藻糖基化抗体,或具有增加的对分GlcNac结构的抗体。已表明,这样改变的糖基化模式提高抗体的ADCC能力。这种糖修饰可以通过例如在具有改变的糖基化机制的宿主细胞中表达所述抗体来实现。具有改变的糖基化机制的细胞在本领域中已得到描述,并且可以用作在其中表达本发明的重组抗体的宿主细胞,从而产生具有改变的糖基化的抗体。例如,Hang等的EP1,176,195描述了具有功能破坏的编码岩藻糖基转移酶FUT8基因的细胞系,使得在这种细胞系中表达的抗体表现出低岩藻糖基化或不含岩藻糖基残基。因此,在一种实施方式中,可以通过在表现出低岩藻糖基化或非岩藻糖基化模式的细胞系(例如编码岩藻糖基转移酶的FUT8基因表达缺陷的哺乳动物细胞系)中重组表达来产生本发明的抗体。Presta的PCT公开WO03/035835描述了一种变体CHO细胞系Lecl3细胞,其具有降低的将岩藻糖连接于Asn(297)连接糖的能力,也导致在该宿主细胞中表达的抗体的低岩藻糖基化(也参见Shields,R.L.等,2002J.Biol.Chem.277:26733-26740)。Umana等的PCT公开WO99/54342描述了经工程化以表达糖蛋白修饰的糖基化转移酶(例如β(1,4)-N乙酰葡萄糖胺基转移酶III(GnTIII))的细胞系,使得在所述工程化细胞系中表达的抗体表现出增加的对分GlcNac结构,其导致抗体的ADCC活性提高(也参见Umana等,1999Nat.Biotech.17:176-180)。Eureka Therapeutics进一步描述了遗传工程化的CHO哺乳动物细胞,其能够生产具有不含岩藻糖基残基的改变的哺乳动物糖基化模式的抗体(http://www.eurekainc.com/a&boutus/companyoverview.html)。或者,可以在被工程化以具有哺乳动物样糖基化模式并且能够产生作为糖基化模式缺少岩藻糖的抗体的酵母或丝状真菌中产生本发明的抗体(参见例如EP1297172B1)。
本发明预期的本文中抗体的另一种修饰是聚乙二醇化。可以将抗体聚乙二醇化以例如提高抗体的生物(例如血清)半衰期。为了将抗体聚乙二醇化,通常将抗体或其片段与聚乙二醇(PEG)、诸如PEG的反应性酯或醛衍生物,在使一个或多个PEG基团变为连接至抗体或抗体片段的条件下进行反应。聚乙二醇化可以使用反应性PEG分子(或类似的反应性水溶性聚合物),通过酰化反应或烷基化反应来进行。如本文所使用,术语“聚乙二醇”意欲涵盖已用于衍生化其它蛋白的任何PEG形式,例如单(C1-C10)烷氧基-或芳氧基-聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇-马来酰亚胺。在某些实施方式中,待聚乙二醇化的抗体是脱糖基化抗体。蛋白聚乙二醇化的方法在本领域中是已知的,并且可以适用于本发明的抗体。参见例如Nishimura等的EP0154316和Ishikawa等的EP0401384。
本发明预期的抗体的另一种修饰是本发明的抗体的至少抗原结合区与血清蛋白诸如人血清白蛋白或其片段的偶联物或蛋白融合以提高得到的分子的半衰期。这种方法描述于例如Ballance等,EP0322094中。
另一种可能性是本发明的抗体的至少抗原结合区与能够结合血清蛋白例如人血清白蛋白的蛋白的融合体,以提高得到的分子的半衰期。这种方法描述于例如Nygren等的EP0486525中。
免疫偶联物:
本发明的抗体可以与可检测标记物偶联以形成抗HER3免疫偶联物。合适的可检测标记物包括例如放射性同位素、荧光标记物、化学发光标记物、酶标记物、生物发光标记物或胶体金。制备和检测这种可检测地标记的免疫偶联物的方法对于本领域的普通技术人员是众所周知的,并且在下面更详细地描述。
可检测标记物可以是通过放射自显影检测的放射性同位素。出于本发明的目的,特别有用的同位素是3H、125I、131I、35S和14C。
抗HER3免疫偶联物也可以用荧光化合物标记。通过将免疫偶联物暴露于适当波长的光并检测所得荧光来确定荧光标记的抗体的存在。荧光标记化合物包括荧光素异硫氰酸酯、罗丹明、藻红蛋白、藻蓝蛋白、别藻蓝蛋白、邻苯二甲醛和荧光胺。
或者,可以通过将抗体与化学发光化合物偶联而对抗HER3免疫偶联物进行可检测地标记。通过检测在化学反应期间产生的化学发光的存在来确定带有化学发光标签的免疫偶联物的存在。化学发光标记化合物的实例包括发光氨、异发光氨、芳香族吖啶酯、咪唑、吖啶盐(acridinium salt)和草酸酯。
类似地,可以使用生物发光化合物来标记本发明的抗HER3免疫偶联物。生物发光是在生物系统中发现的化学发光类型,在所述系统中催化蛋白提高化学发光反应的效率。通过检测发光的存在来确定生物发光蛋白的存在。可用于标记的生物发光化合物包括萤光素、萤光素酶和水母发光蛋白。
或者,可以通过将抗HER3单克隆抗体与酶连接来可检测地标记抗人HER3免疫偶联物。当将抗HER3抗体-酶偶联物在适当底物存在下孵育时,酶部分与底物反应以产生可以通过例如分光光度、荧光测量或目测手段检测的化学部分。可用于可检测地标记多特异性免疫偶联物的酶的实例包括β-半乳糖苷酶、葡萄糖氧化酶、过氧化物酶和碱性磷酸酶。
本领域技术人员知道可根据本发明使用的其它适合标记物。标志物部分与抗人HER3单克隆抗体的结合可以使用本领域已知的标准技术来实现。在这方面,典型的方法描述于下列文献中:Kennedy等,Clin.Chim.Acta 70:1,1976;Schurs等,Clin.Chim.Acta 81:1,1977;Shih等,Int'l J.Cancer 46:1101,1990;Stein等,Cancer Res.50:1330,1990;和Coligan,同上。
此外,免疫化学检测的方便性和通用性可以通过使用与亲和素、链霉亲合素和生物素偶联的抗人HER3单克隆抗体来提高(参见例如Wilchek等(编),“Avidin-BiotinTechnology,”Methods In Enzymology(Vol.184)(Academic Press 1990);Bayer等,“Immunochemical Applications of Avidin-Biotin Technology,”Methods InMolecular Biology(Vol.10)149-162(Manson,编,The Humana Press,Inc.1992).)。
进行免疫测定的方法是良好建立的(参见例如Cook和Self,“MonoclonalAntibodies in Diagnostic Immunoassays,”Monoclonal Antibodies:Production,Engineering,and Clinical Application 180-208(Ritter和Ladyman,编,CambridgeUniversity Press 1995);Perry,“The Role of Monoclonal Antibodies in theAdvancement of Immunoassay Technology,”Monoclonal Antibodies:Principles andApplications107-120(Birch和Lennox,编,Wiley-Liss,Inc.1995);Diamandis,Immunoassay(Academic Press,Inc.1996).)。
另一方面,本发明提供抗人HER3单克隆抗体-药物偶联物。如本文所使用,“抗人HER3单克隆抗体-药物偶联物”是指与治疗剂偶联的本发明的抗人HER3单克隆抗体。这种抗人HER3单克隆抗体-药物偶联物在施用于受试者诸如例如患有表达HER3的癌症的受试者时,通常是在单独施用时,但也在与其它治疗剂组合施用时,对表达HER3的细胞产生临床有益的效应。
在典型的实施方式中,将抗人HER3单克隆抗体与细胞毒性剂偶联,以便所得抗体-药物偶联物在被表达HER3的细胞(例如表达HER3的癌细胞)摄取或内化时对该细胞发挥细胞毒性或细胞抑制性效应。用于与抗体偶联的特别合适的部分是化疗剂、前药转化酶、放射活性同位素或化合物或者毒素。例如,可以将抗人HER3单克隆抗体与细胞毒性剂偶联,诸如化疗剂或毒素(例如细胞抑制剂或杀细胞剂,诸如例如相思豆毒素、蓖麻毒素A、假单胞菌外毒素或白喉毒素)。
有用的细胞毒性剂种类包括例如抗微管蛋白剂、奥瑞斯他汀类(auristatins)、DNA小沟结合剂、DNA复制抑制剂、烷化剂(例如铂复合物如顺铂、单(铂)、双(铂)及三核铂复合物和卡铂)、蒽环类、抗生素、抗叶酸剂、抗代谢物、化疗敏化剂、倍癌霉素(duocarmycins)、依托泊苷、氟代嘧啶、离子载体、lexitropsins、亚硝基脲、顺铂(platinols)、预形成化合物、嘌呤抗代谢物、嘌呤霉素类、辐射敏化剂、甾类、紫杉烷、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、长春花生物碱等。
单个细胞毒性剂包括例如雄激素、安曲霉素(AMC)、天冬酰胺酶、5-氮杂胞苷、硫唑嘌呤、博来霉素、白消安、丁硫氨酸亚砜胺、喜树碱、卡铂、卡莫司汀(BSNU)、CC-1065(Li等,Cancer Res.42:999-1004,1982)、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂、秋水仙碱、环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、细胞松弛素B、氮烯唑胺、更生霉素(之前称为放线菌素)、道诺霉素、氨烯咪胺、多烯紫杉醇、阿霉素、雌激素、5-氟脱氧尿苷、磷酸依托泊苷(VP-16)、5-氟尿嘧啶、短杆菌肽D、羟基脲、伊达比星、异环磷酰胺、伊立替康、洛莫司汀(CCNU)、二氯甲基二乙胺、美法仑、6-巯基嘌呤、甲氨蝶呤、光神霉素、丝裂霉素C、米托蒽醌、硝基咪唑、紫杉醇、普卡霉素、丙卡巴肼、链脲霉素、替尼泊苷(VM-26)、6-硫鸟嘌呤、噻替派(thioTEPA)、托泊替康、长春碱、长春新碱和长春瑞滨。
特别合适的细胞毒性剂包括例如多拉司他汀类(例如奥瑞斯他汀E、AFP、MMAF、MMAE)、DNA小沟结合剂(例如烯二炔类和lexitropsins)、倍癌霉素类、紫杉烷类(例如紫杉醇和多烯紫杉醇)、嘌呤霉素类、长春花生物碱类、CC-1065、SN-38(7-乙基-10-羟基-喜树碱)、托泊替康、吗啉并阿霉素、根霉素、氰基吗啉并阿霉素、棘霉素、考布他汀、纺锤菌素、埃博霉素A和B、雌氮芥、隐藻素(cryptophysins)、西马多丁、美登木素类、圆皮海绵内酯(discodermolide)、五加苷素(eleutherobin)和米托蒽醌。
在某些实施方式中,细胞毒性剂是常规化疗药剂,诸如例如阿霉素、紫杉醇、美法仑、长春花生物碱、甲氨蝶呤、丝裂霉素C或依托泊苷。此外,可以将有效试剂诸如CC-1065类似物、卡奇霉素、美登木素、多拉司他汀10的类似物、根霉素和海葵毒素连接至抗HER3表达抗体。
在特定变化形式中,细胞毒性或细胞抑制剂是奥瑞斯他汀E(在本领域中也称为多拉司他汀-10)或其衍生物。奥瑞斯他汀E衍生物通常是例如奥瑞斯他汀E与酮酸之间形成的酯。例如,可以将奥瑞斯他汀E与对乙酰基苯甲酸或苯甲酰基戊酸反应以分别产生AEB和AEVB。其它典型的奥瑞斯他汀衍生物包括AFP(二甲基缬氨酸-缬氨酸-多拉异亮氨酸-多拉脯氨酸-苯丙氨酸-对苯二胺)、MMAF(朵缬氨酸(dovaline)-缬氨酸-多拉异亮氨酸-多拉脯氨酸-苯丙氨酸)和MAE(单甲基奥瑞斯他汀E)。奥瑞斯他汀E及其衍生物的合成和结构描述于美国专利申请公开号20030083263、国际专利公开号WO2002/088172和WO2004/010957以及美国专利号6,884,869;6,323,315;6,239,104;6,034,065;5,780,588;5,665,860;5,663,149;5,635,483;5,599,902;5,554,725;5,530,097;5,521,284;5,504,191;5,410,024;5,138,036;5,076,973;4,986,988;4,978,744;4,879,278;4,816,444;和4,486,414中。
在其它变化形式中,细胞毒性剂是DNA小沟结合剂(参见例如美国专利号6,130,237)。例如,在某些实施方式中,小沟结合剂是CBI化合物。在其它实施方式中,小沟结合剂是烯二炔(例如卡奇霉素)。
在某些实施方式中,抗体-药物偶联物包含抗微管蛋白剂。抗微管蛋白剂的实例包括例如紫杉烷(例如(紫杉醇)、(多烯紫杉醇))、T67(Tularik)、长春花生物碱(例如长春新碱、长春碱、长春地辛和长春瑞滨)和多拉司他汀(例如奥瑞斯他汀E、AFP、MMAF、MMAE、AEB、AEVB)。其它抗微管蛋白剂包括例如浆果赤霉素衍生物、紫杉烷类似物(例如埃博霉素A和B)、诺考达唑、秋水仙素和秋水仙胺、雌氮芥、隐藻素类、西马多丁、美登木素类、康普立停类、圆皮海绵内酯和五加苷素。在某些实施方式中,细胞毒性剂是美登醇,另一组抗微管蛋白剂。例如,在特定实施方式中,美登醇是美登木素或DM-1(ImmunoGen,Inc.;也参见Chari等,Cancer Res.52:127-131,1992)。
在其它实施方式中,细胞毒性剂是抗代谢物。抗代谢物可以是例如嘌呤拮抗剂(例如硫唑嘌呤或麦考酚酸吗乙酯)、二氢叶酸还原酶抑制剂(例如甲氨蝶呤)、阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、齐多夫定、阿糖胞苷、雷巴威林、叠氮胸苷、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、金刚烷胺、双脱氧尿苷、碘代脱氧尿苷、膦甲酸(poscarnet)或曲氟胸苷。
在其它实施方式中,将抗人HER3单克隆抗体与前药转化酶偶联。前药转化酶可以使用已知方法与抗体重组融合或与抗体化学偶联。示例性的前药转化酶是羧肽酶G2、β-葡萄糖醛酸酶、青霉素-V-酰胺酶、青霉素-G-酰胺酶、β-内酰胺酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、硝基还原酶和羧肽酶A。
用于将治疗剂与蛋白、特别是抗体偶联的方法是众所周知的(参见例如Arnon等,“Monoclonal Antibodies For Immunotargeting Of Drugs In Cancer Therapy,”Monoclonal Antibodies And Cancer Therapy(Reisfeld等编,Alan R.Liss,Inc.,1985);Hellstrom等,“Antibodies For Drug Delivery,”Controlled Drug Delivery(Robinson等编,Marcel Deiker,Inc.,第2版1987);Thorpe,“Antibody Carriers Of CytotoxicAgents In Cancer Therapy:A Review,”Monoclonal Antibodies'84:Biological AndClinical Applications(Pinchera等编,1985);“Analysis,Results,and FutureProspective of the Therapeutic Use of Radiolabeled Antibody In CancerTherapy,”Monoclonal Antibodies For Cancer Detection And Therapy(Baldwin等编,Academic Press,1985);和Thorpe等,1982,Immunol.Rev.62:119-58。也参见例如PCT公开WO 89/12624.)。
诊断用途:
本发明的另一个目的涉及本发明的抗人HER3抗体用于诊断和/或监测与HER3表达相关的癌症疾病。与HER3表达相关的癌症疾病通常包括但不限于鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、神经胶质细胞肿瘤例如成胶质细胞瘤和神经纤维瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、肝细胞瘤、乳腺癌、结肠癌、黑素瘤、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、唾液腺癌、肾癌、肾的癌、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、肝的癌和各种类型的头颈癌。在一种特定实施方式中,使用本发明的方法诊断的癌症是乳腺癌或卵巢癌。在一种特定实施方式中,本发明的抗体可用于诊断乳腺癌和卵巢癌。
在一种特定实施方式中,可以如上所述的将本发明的抗体用可检测分子或物质诸如荧光分子、放射活性分子或本领域中已知的任何其它标记物标记。例如,可以通过本领域已知的任何方法将本发明的抗体用放射活性分子标记。例如,放射活性分子包括但不限于用于闪烁法研究的放射活性原子,诸如I123、I124、In111、Re186、Re188。本发明的抗体还可以用核磁共振(NMR)成像(也称为磁共振成像,mri)的自旋标记物诸如碘-123、碘-131、铟-111、氟-19、碳-13、氮-15、氧-17、钆、锰或铁来标记。在施用抗体后,检测抗体在患者内的分布。用于检测任何特定标记物的分布的方法对于本领域技术人员是已知的,并且可以使用任何合适的方法。一些非限制性的实例包括计算机断层扫描(CT)、正发射断层扫描(PET)、磁共振成像(MRI)、荧光、化学发光和超声波描记术。
本发明的抗体可用于与HER3表达相关的癌症疾病的分期(例如,在放射免疫成像中)。例如,本发明的抗体可以用于对乳腺癌或卵巢癌分期。它们可以单独使用或与其它乳腺癌或卵巢癌标志物(包括但不限于,HER2、CAl 25、HE4和对间皮素(mesothelin))组合使用。
通常,所述诊断方法涉及使用获得自患者的生物样品。如本文所使用,术语“生物样品”涵盖获得自受试者的各种样品类型并且可以用于诊断或监测测定。生物样品包括但不限于血液和生物来源的其它液体样品、固体组织样品诸如生物活检样本或源于其的组织培养物或细胞,及其后代。例如,生物样品包括获得自组织样品的细胞,所述组织样品收集自疑似患有与HER3表达相关的癌症疾病的个体,并且在一种特定实施方式中收集自乳腺或卵巢。因此,生物样品涵盖临床样品、培养物中的细胞、细胞上清液、细胞裂解物、血清、血浆、生物流体和组织样品。
在一种特定实施方式中,本发明是通过使用本发明的抗体检测来自受试者的细胞上的HER3而诊断受试者中与HER3表达相关的癌症疾病的方法。具体而言,所述诊断方法可以包括下列步骤:
(a)将可能患有与HER3表达相关的癌症疾病的受试者的生物样品在足以使抗体与表达HER3的生物样品的细胞形成复合物的条件下与本发明的抗体相接触;
(b)检测和/或定量所述复合物,从而所述复合物的检测指示与HER3表达相关的癌症疾病。
为了监测癌症疾病,可以不同的时间间隔重复本发明的诊断方法,以便确定抗体与样品的结合增加还是减少,由此确定癌症疾病是进展还是消退。
治疗性用途:
本发明的抗体、片段或免疫偶联物可用于治疗任何表达HER3的癌症。本发明的抗体可以单独地或与任何适合试剂组合使用。
表达HER3的癌症的实例包括但不限于癌、淋巴瘤、胚细胞瘤、肉瘤和白血病。这种癌症的更特定实例包括鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、神经胶质细胞肿瘤诸如成胶质细胞瘤和神经纤维瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、肝细胞瘤、乳腺癌、结肠癌、黑素瘤、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、唾液腺癌、肾癌、肾的癌、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、肝的癌和各种类型的头颈癌。在一种特定实施方式中,使用本发明的方法治疗的癌症是乳腺癌或卵巢癌。
因此,本发明的一个目的涉及用于治疗与HER3的表达相关的癌症的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的本发明的抗体、片段或免疫偶联物。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的抗体特别适合于治疗配体(即,NRG)非依赖性癌症和配体依赖性癌症。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的抗体特别适合于治疗自分泌或旁分泌配体依赖性肿瘤(由于其变构效应)。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的抗体特别适合于治疗对用抗体、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)、化疗剂或抗激素剂的治疗耐药的癌症。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的抗体特别适合于治疗选自三阴性乳腺癌、胰腺癌和肾细胞癌的癌症。
在本发明的上下文中,如本文所使用,术语“治疗(treating)”或“治疗(treatment)”,意指逆转、缓解这种术语适用的疾病或病症病症或者这种疾病或病症病症的一种或多种症状、抑制其发展或对其预防。
根据本发明,术语“患者”或“有需要的患者”意欲用于患有或可能患有与人HER3的表达相关的癌症的人或非人哺乳动物。
本发明的抗体的“治疗有效量”意指足以以适用于任何医学治疗的合理利益/风险比治疗所述癌症的抗体的量。然而,应该理解,本发明的抗体和组合物的每日总用量将由主治医师在合理的医疗判断的范围内决定。任何特定患者的具体治疗有效剂量水平取决于多种因素,包括待治疗的病症和病症的严重性,所使用的具体抗体的活性,所使用的具体组合物,患者的年龄、体重、总体健康、性别和饮食,施用的时间、施用途径和所使用的具体抗体的排泄速率,治疗的持续时间,与所使用的具体抗体组合或同时使用的药物,以及医学技术领域中众所周知的类似因素。例如,在本领域技术中众所周知的是,化合物的剂量以低于实现所希望的疗效所需的水平开始,并逐渐增加剂量直至实现所希望的疗效。
在某些实施方式中,将抗人HER3单克隆抗体或抗体-药物偶联物与用于治疗疾病或病症的第二试剂组合使用。当用于治疗癌症时,本发明的抗人HER3单克隆抗体或抗体-药物偶联物可以与常规的癌症疗法组合使用,所述常规疗法诸如例如手术、放疗、化疗或其组合。在某些情况下,可用于与本发明的抗HER3抗体或抗体-药物偶联物的组合癌症治疗的其它治疗剂包括抗血管生成药剂。在一些方面,本发明的抗体或抗体-药物偶联物与细胞因子(例如刺激针对肿瘤的免疫应答的细胞因子)共同施用。
在一些其它方面,可用于组合疗法的其它治疗剂包括参与肿瘤生长的某些因子(诸如,例如,EGFR、HER2或HER4)的拮抗剂。
在一种特定实施方式中,本发明的抗人HER3单克隆抗体或抗体-药物偶联物与抗人HER2单克隆抗体诸如曲妥珠单抗或帕妥珠单抗组合使用。
在一些实施方式中,本文所述的抗人HER3单克隆抗体或抗体-药物偶联物与酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)组合使用。BAY 43-9006(索拉非尼,)和SU11248(舒尼替尼,)是已被批准的两种这样的TKI。其它TKI包括但不限于:甲磺酸伊马替尼(Novartis);吉非替尼(AstraZeneca);盐酸厄洛替尼Genentech);凡德他尼(AstraZeneca),替吡法尼(Janssen-Cilag);达沙替尼(Bristol Myers Squibb);洛那法尼(ScheringPlough);丁二酸凡塔蓝尼(Novartis,Schering AG);拉帕替尼(GlaxoSmithKline);尼洛替尼(Novartis);来他替尼(Cephalon);盐酸帕唑帕尼(GlaxoSmithKline);阿昔替尼(Pfizer);二盐酸卡奈替尼(Pfizer);培利替尼(NationalCancer Institute,Wyeth);坦度替尼(Millennium);波舒替尼(Wyeth);司马沙尼(Sugen,Taiho);AZD-2171(AstraZeneca);VX-680(Merck,Vertex);EXEL-0999(Exelixis);ARRY-142886(Array BioPharma,AstraZeneca);PD-0325901(Pfizer);AMG-706(Amgen);BIBF-1120(Boehringer Ingelheim);SU-6668(Taiho);CP-547632(OSI);(AEE-788(Novartis);BMS-582664(Bristol-Myers Squibb);JNK-401(Celgene);R-788(Rigel);AZD-1152HQPA(AstraZeneca);NM-3(Genzyme Oncology);CP-868596(Pfizer);BMS-599626(Bristol-Myers Squibb);PTC-299(PTC Therapeutics);ABT-869(Abbott);EXEL-2880(Exelixis);AG-024322(Pfizer);XL-820(Exelixis);OSI-930(OSI);XL-184(Exelixis);KRN-951(Kirin Brewery);CP-724714(OSI);E-7080(Eisai);HKI-272(Wyeth);CHIR-258(Chiron);ZK-304709(Schering AG);EXEL-7647(Exelixis);BAY-57-9352(Bayer);BIBW-2992(Boehringer Ingelheim);AV-412(AVEO);YN-968D1(Advenchen Laboratories);米哚妥林(Novartis);哌立福辛(AEterna Zentaris,Keryx,National Cancer Institute);AG-024322(Pfizer);AZD-1152(AstraZeneca);ON-01910Na(Onconova);和AZD-0530(AstraZeneca)。
药物组合物:
对于施用,将抗人HER3单克隆抗体或抗体-药物偶联物配制成药物组合物。包含抗人HER3单克隆抗体或抗体-药物偶联物的药物组合物可以根据制备可药用组合物的已知方法来配制,由此将治疗性分子与药学上可接受的载体组合于混合物中。如果组合物的施用可以被受体患者耐受,则它被称为是“药学上可接受的载体”。无菌磷酸盐缓冲盐水是药学上可接受的载体的一个实例。其它合适的载体对于本领域技术人员是众所周知的(参见例如Gennaro(编),Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Publishing Company,第19版1995).)。制剂可以进一步包括一种或多种赋形剂、防腐剂、增溶剂、缓冲剂、防止病毒表面上的蛋白损失的白蛋白等。
药物组合物的形式、施用途径、剂量和方案自然取决于待治疗的病症、疾病的严重性、患者的年龄、体重和性别等。
本发明的药物组合物可以被配制成用于局部、经口、肠胃外、鼻内、静脉内、肌肉内、皮下或眼内施用等。
优选地,药物组合物含有对于能够注射的制剂的药学上可接受的媒介物。这些尤其可以是等渗的、无菌的盐水溶液(磷酸二氢钠或磷酸氢二钠、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙、氯化镁等或这种盐的混合物),或者是干燥的、特别是冷冻干燥的组合物,其在根据情况添加无菌水或生理盐水后,允许构成可注射溶液。
用于施用的剂量可以随着各种参数而变化,尤其是随着所使用的施用方式、相关病理或所需的治疗持续时间而变化。
为了制备药物组合物,可以将有效量的抗体溶解或分散于药学上可接受的载体或水性介质中。
适合于注射使用的药物形式包括无菌水性溶液或分散液,包括芝麻油、花生油或水性丙二醇的制剂;以及用于临时制备无菌注射溶液或分散体的无菌粉剂。在所有情况下,所述形式必须是无菌的并且必须为达到存在容易的可注射性能的程度的流体。它必须在制造和储存条件下稳定,并且必须进行防腐以对抗微生物诸如细菌和真菌的污染作用。
作为游离碱或药学上可接受的盐的活性化合物的溶液可以在与表面活性剂诸如羟丙基纤维素适当地混合的水中制备。分散体也可以在甘油、液体聚乙二醇及其混合物中制备,以及在油中制备。在通常的储存和使用条件下,这些制备物含有防腐剂以防止微生物的生长。
本发明的抗体可以以中性或盐形式配制成组合物。药学上可接受的盐包括酸加成盐(与蛋白的游离氨基形成),并且与无机酸诸如例如盐酸或磷酸或者有机酸诸如乙酸、草酸、酒石酸、扁桃酸等形成。与游离羧基形成的盐也可以衍生自无机碱诸如例如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铵、氢氧化钙或氢氧化铁以及有机碱诸如异丙胺、三甲胺、组氨酸、普鲁卡因等。
载体也可以是溶剂或分散体介质,其含有例如水、乙醇、多元醇(例如甘油、丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇等)、其合适的混合物和植物油。可以例如通过使用包衣剂诸如卵磷脂,在分散体的情况下通过维持所需粒径以及通过使用表面活性剂,来维持适当的流动性。微生物作用的预防可以通过各种抗细菌和抗真菌剂例如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸、硫柳汞等来实现。在许多情况下,包括等渗剂例如糖类或氯化钠将是优选的。可注射组合物的延长吸收可以通过在组合物中使用延迟吸收的试剂例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶来实现。
通过将活性化合物以所需量并入根据需要具有上面列举的各种其它成分的适合溶剂中,然后过滤灭菌来制备无菌注射溶液。通常,通过将各种灭菌活性成分并入含有基本分散体介质和选自上面列举的所需其它成分的无菌媒介物中来制备分散体。在用于制备无菌注射溶液的无菌粉剂的情况下,优选的制备方法是真空干燥和冷冻干燥技术,其从事先无菌过滤的溶液产生活性成分加上任何其它所需成分的粉末。
还预期制备更加或高度浓缩的用于直接注射的溶液,其中设想使用DMSO作为溶剂以产生极快的渗透,从而将高浓度的活性试剂递送到小的肿瘤区域。
在配制后,将溶液以与剂量制剂相容的方式和以诸如治疗有效的量施用。制剂以各种剂型诸如上面描述的可注射溶液的类型容易地施用,但是也可以使用药物释放胶囊等。
对于例如在水性溶液中的肠胃外施用,如果需要,溶液应该进行适当缓冲,并首先用足够的盐水或葡萄糖使得液体稀释剂等渗。这些特定水性溶液尤其适合于静脉内、肌肉内、皮下和腹膜内施用。关于这点,可以使用的无菌水性介质鉴于本公开内容对于本领域技术人员是已知的。例如,可以将一个剂量溶解于1ml等渗NaCl溶液中,然后添加至1000ml皮下输注流体或在建议输注位点注射(参见例如"Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences"第15版,第1035-1038和1570-1580页)。取决于待治疗的受试者的病症,必需对剂量进行一些改变。在任何情况下,负责施用的人决定个别受试者的适当剂量。
本发明的抗体可以配制在治疗性混合物内以在每剂量中包含约0.0001至1.0毫克,或约0.001至0.1毫克,或约0.1至1.0或甚至约10毫克左右。也可以施用多个剂量。
除了为肠胃外施用诸如静脉内或肌肉内注射配制的化合物之外,其它药学上可接受的形式包括例如用于口服施用的片剂或其它固体;时间释放胶囊;以及目前使用的任何其它形式。
在某些实施方式中,考虑使用脂质体和/或纳米颗粒将抗体引入宿主细胞中。脂质体和/或纳米颗粒的形成和使用对于本领域技术人员是已知的。
纳米胶囊(nanocapsule)通常可以稳定且可重复的方式捕集化合物。为了避免由细胞内聚合物过载导致的副作用,通常使用能够在体内降解的聚合物来设计这种超细颗粒(大小在0.1μm左右)。考虑将满足这些要求的可生物降解的聚烷基-氰基丙烯酸酯纳米颗粒用于本发明,这种颗粒可以容易地制造。
脂质体从分散于水性介质中并自发形成多片层同心双层囊泡(也被称为多层囊泡(MLV))的磷脂形成。MLV通常具有25nm至4μm的直径。MLV的超声处理导致形成小的单层囊泡(SUV),其直径在200至的范围内,在核心中含有水性溶液。脂质体的物理特征取决于pH、离子强度和二价阳离子的存在。
试剂盒:
最后,本发明还提供包含至少一种本发明的抗体的试剂盒。含有本发明抗体的试剂盒可用于检测HER3表达,或用于治疗性或诊断性测定。本发明的试剂盒可以含有与固相支持物例如组织培养板或珠(例如琼脂糖凝胶珠)偶联的抗体。可以提供含有用于在体外(例如在ELISA或Western印迹中)检测和定量HER3的抗体的试剂盒。这种可用于检测的抗体可以提供有标记物诸如荧光或放射性标记物。
本发明将通过下面的附图和实施例进一步说明。然而,这些实施例和附图不应被解释为以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
附图:
图1显示mAb 9F7-F11和NRG对与细胞上的HER3受体的结合的相互变构效应。当添加各种浓度的NRG时,SKBR3细胞上9F7-F11与HER3的结合增加。相反,抗体A不受NRG结合的影响,且抗体B被NRG结合阻断(小图A)。相反,当添加各种浓度的mAb 9F7-F11时,HER2/HER3转染的3T3成纤维细胞上NRG与HER3的结合增加,而无关IgG不影响NRG结合。相反,游离的NRG替代标记的NRG结合至HER3(小图B)。
图2定量有或无NRG的情况下9F7-F11与HER3受体的亲和力。相对于NRG不存在的情况下测量的亲和力(2.33±0.30nM),在NRG存在的情况下测量的亲和力增加6倍(0.47±0.07nM)。
图3显示在BxPC3胰腺癌细胞中通过使用抗HER3mAb 9F7-F11的HER2/HER3受体和下游PI3K/Akt和ERK信号传导的磷酸化的抑制。
图4显示mAb 9F7-F11对p53/MDM2表达和磷酸化的影响,如western印迹(A)所表明且如Image J所定量(B)。
图5显示mAb 9F7-F11对p53可诱导的基因p21、细胞周期蛋白A2、PERP、Puma和Bcl-2的表达的影响,如定量PCR所表明。将相对mRNA表达针对GAPDH表达进行均一化。
图6显示mAb 9F7-F11对BxPC3胰腺癌细胞的细胞周期停滞的影响。
图7显示mAb 9F7-F11对BxPC3胰腺癌细胞的细胞凋亡的影响(A)。来自9F7-F11处理的BxPC3细胞的细胞裂解物的western印迹表明发动线粒体凋亡的胱天蛋白酶-9的切割(B)。
图8显示相对于用单独的曲妥珠单抗或西妥昔单抗观察到的影响,单独或与西妥昔单抗或曲妥珠单抗组合的mAb 9F7-F11对BxPC3胰腺癌细胞的增殖的影响。
图9显示mAb 9F7-F11相比于曲妥珠单抗对目标MDA-MB-453乳腺癌细胞的ADCC效应。
图10显示在用HER2-扩增/PIK3CA-突变的MDA-MB-361乳腺癌细胞异种移植的裸小鼠中mAb 9F7-F11对肿瘤进展的抑制。
图11显示在用三阴性的PTEN-突变的/p53-突变的MDA-MB-4688乳腺癌细胞异种移植的裸小鼠中mAb 9F7-F11对肿瘤进展的抑制(A)。当MDA-MB-468肿瘤达到2000mm3的体积时,计算Kaplan-Meier生存曲线(B)。
图12显示与单独的帕妥珠单抗(P)或媒介物(Ctrl)(小图A)和曲妥珠单抗和帕妥珠单抗的组合(P+T)(小图B)相比,用嗜NRG、p53-突变的、HER2低BxPC3胰腺癌细胞异种移植且用单独使用的mAb 9F7-F11(9F7)或与帕妥珠单抗组合(P+9F7)处理的裸小鼠的肿瘤进展和存活。
图13显示在用shHER3-或shLuc(对照)-敲除BxPC3胰腺癌细胞异种移植的裸小鼠中mAb 9F7-F11对肿瘤进展的抑制(A)。对从处理小鼠回收的异种移植物通过western印迹检查HER3沉默(B)。
实施例1:9F7-F11对HER3结合的变构效应
将一只Balb/c小鼠腹膜内注射HER2/HER3-转染的NIH 3T3细胞系(约2x106个细胞),所述细胞系事先用神经调节蛋白β1(NRG)刺激以促进HER2/HER3异源二聚体形成。来自免疫的小鼠的脾细胞根据已经描述的方案(Salhi等Biochem.J.2004)使用骨髓瘤PX63Ag8.653融合。将105个融合细胞/孔在具有HAT介质的板中培养以用于杂交瘤选择。在融合后12天之后,通过使用蛋白HER3-Fc作为抗原的ELISA进行杂交瘤上清液筛选。在对照中,用单独的区分抗原HER2-Fc和Fc片段同时进行筛选。
进行细胞计数法竞争实验以便在基于SKBR3细胞的测定中定量NRG抑制抗体与HER3的结合的能力。为此,将105个SKBR3细胞在冰上与各种浓度的竞争性NRG配体预孵育1.5小时。在用PBS-1%BSA洗涤一次后,将选择的抗HER3mAb 9F7-F11,以得到50%最大结合的浓度,添加至每个孔,在冰上持续1小时。在一些实验中,将NRG配体和抗HER3 9F7-F11抗体在冰上共同孵育2小时。然后洗涤细胞并且在冰上与适当的FITC-偶联的二抗(Sigma)的1:60稀释液进一步孵育45分钟,然后在Quanta装置(Beckman-Coulter)上进行细胞计数分析。通过FACS的竞争性实验表明,9F7-F11抗体不与NRG竞争,因此表明该抗体不结合至NRG-结合位点(图1A)。当添加NRG时,NRG-非竞争性9F7-F11抗体结合甚至增强至160%,因此表明mAb 9F7-F11对HER3结合的变构效应。相比之下,NRG孵育不改变阳性对照抗体A的结合,且阳性对照抗体B显示NRG依赖性结合(图1A)。
相反地,将105个HER3转染的3T3成纤维细胞在饥饿之前培养2天,然后在+4℃在Krebs缓冲液中与各种浓度的9F7-F11mAb孵育45分钟。添加用d2穴状化合物染料标记的NRG,持续额外45分钟。KREBS洗涤之后,使用Pherastar微板阅读器测量在620/670nm的荧光。如图1B中所表明,9F7-F11结合诱导NRG与HER3的结合的增加,而无关IgG则没有。作为对照,各种浓度的游离NRG替代标记的NRG与HER3受体的结合(图1B),因此表明9F7-F11和NRG之间对于HER3结合的相互变构效应。
实施例2:NRG添加诱导9F7-F11对HER3受体的亲和力的6倍增加
使用CisBio BioAssay开发的Tag-Lite技术,将104个HER3Snap-标记的HEK细胞用Lumi4-铽穴状化合物供体标记,然后与NRG和各种浓度的d2受体标记的mAb 9F7-F11共同孵育。孵育16小时之后,在Pherastar FS仪器上在337nm激发后分别在620和665nm(60μs延迟,400μs集成)测量Lumi4-铽和d2的荧光。如图2中所表明,在NRG存在的情况下观察到9F7-F11与HER3受体的剂量依赖性增加,在无NRG的情况下测量到更低的HER3结合。在与NRG共同孵育之后,9F7-F11与HER3的结合的Kd值被计算为0.47±0.07nM,而在无NRG的情况下,Kd被计算为2.33±0.30nm;因此表明NRG添加变构地诱导9F7-F11与HER3受体的亲和力的6倍增加。
实施例3:抗HER3NRG-非竞争性变构抗体9F7-F11抑制HER2和HER3磷酸化,以及阻断ERK1/2和AKT磷酸化
将五十万(Five hundred and thousand)个胰腺BxPC3肿瘤细胞添加6-孔培养板的每个孔中,在37℃持续24小时。在含有1%FCS的RPMI完全培养基中血清饥饿16小时并进一步洗涤后,将细胞与50μg/ml浓度的抗体9F7-F11或阴性对照抗体在37℃预孵育15分钟或1小时,然后洗涤并随后用NRG的100ng/ml稀释液刺激或不刺激。然后将细胞洗涤、破碎并用含有20mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5、150mM NaCl、1.5mM MgCl2、1mM EDTA、1%Triton、10%甘油、0.1mM苯基甲基磺酰基氟、100mM氟化钠、1mM原钒酸钠(Sigma-Aldrich)以及一片完整的蛋白酶抑制剂混合物片剂(Roche Diagnostics,Indianapolis,IN)的缓冲液裂解。在30分钟孵育时间后,通过离心澄清样品的不溶级分,并且将细胞裂解物中的蛋白浓度通过Bradford测定法测定。这些蛋白裂解物与Laemmli缓冲液(1-20μg总蛋白,根据目标和细胞系)直接混合并在95℃加热5分钟。在还原条件下在7%SDS-PAGE上电泳后,将蛋白转移至聚偏二氟乙烯膜(Millipore),其然后在25℃在含有5%脱脂奶粉的TNT缓冲液(Tris 25mM pH7.4,NaCl 150mM,Tween 0.1%)中饱和1小时。将针对激酶受体或信号转导激酶以及它们的磷酸化形式的一抗,在4℃在TNT-5%BSA缓冲液中孵育18小时。在TNT缓冲液中洗涤五次后,适当时添加含有5%脱脂奶粉的TNT缓冲液中的过氧化物酶-偶联的兔、山羊或小鼠多克隆抗体(Sigma-Aldrich),在25℃持续1小时。在TNT缓冲液中洗涤五次后,使用化学发光物质(Western lightning Plus-ECL,Perkin Elmer)显现印迹。
显著地,9F7-F11抗体阻断Y1289-HER3和Y1242-HER2上的配体诱导的磷酸化(图3)。伴随地,变构非竞争性抗体9F7-F11诱导Ser473上的Akt磷酸化和Thr202/204上的ERK1/2磷酸化的抑制。
实施例4:抗HER3NRG-非竞争性变构抗体9F7-F11抑制MDM2表达和磷酸化,以及调节P53途径
类似地,如上所述,将BxPC3肿瘤细胞添加至6孔培养板的各孔,在37℃持续24小时。在含有1%FCS的RPMI完全培养基中血清饥饿16小时和进一步洗涤之后,将细胞与50μg/ml浓度的抗体9F7-F11或阴性对照抗体在37℃预孵育24小时或72小时,然后洗涤和随后用NRG的100ng/ml稀释液刺激或不刺激。随后将细胞裂解,用于SDS-PAGE和western印迹,或提交于RNA提取、逆转录和使用适当引物进行定量PCR。如图4中通过western印迹所表明,9F7-F11处理抑制MDM2表达和磷酸化,并增加p53表达。相关地,9F7-F11治疗增加p53可诱导的基因表达,诸如p21,其涉及细胞周期和增殖的阻断,和Puma和PERP,其正性调节细胞凋亡,如Q-PCR所表明(图5)。相反,在用NRG-非竞争性变构抗体9F7-F11处理之后,分别促进细胞增殖和抑制细胞凋亡的细胞周期蛋白A2和Bcl2基因表达得到降低(图5)。
实施例5:抗HER3NRG-非竞争性变构抗体9F7-F11将细胞周期阻断于G1期中、抑制增殖并恢复细胞凋亡
使用碘化丙啶染色评估HER3特异性Ab 9F7-F11对细胞周期的影响。简言之,将300,000个BxPC3肿瘤细胞/孔在6孔微量滴定板中培养24小时,然后血清饥饿,并在无FCS的RPMI培养基中再同步24小时,然后与100μg/ml抗HER3Ab 9F7-F11和100ng/ml NRG共同孵育。24小时后,将透化的细胞用碘化丙啶染色,然后流式细胞术分析。对于增殖和细胞凋亡测定,在饥饿前一天,将50,000个BxPC3细胞/孔铺板(在RPMI-1%FCS中)。然后添加HER3特异性Ab 9F7-F11和NRG,持续120小时。在培养的最后30小时过程中,通过掺入Alexa Fluor488-偶联的5-乙炔基-2’-脱氧尿苷(EdU)(Invitrogen)测量细胞增殖。通过与荧光偶联的膜联蛋白V和7-氨基放线菌素D(7-AAD;Beckman-Coulter)孵育评价细胞凋亡。所有实验一式三份进行。对于胱天蛋白酶-9分析,如上所述处理和裂解BxPC3细胞。细胞裂解物的SDS-PAGE和western印迹之后,使用适当抗体证明胱天蛋白酶-9通过酶原的切割的活化。如图6中所示,变构9F7-F11Ab的24小时处理将细胞周期阻断于G1期中,其中G1期细胞从未处理或对照Ab处理的细胞的36-38%增加至9F7-F11处理的BxPC3细胞的62%。9F7-F11处理同时降低S和G2/m期中的BxPC3细胞的百分数(图6)。与未处理和对照Ab处理的细胞(图7A)相比,用9F7-F11mAb处理BxPC3细胞增加早期(18%)和晚期(12%)细胞凋亡,伴随胱天蛋白酶-9酶原的切割,这发动线粒体细胞凋亡(图7B)。最终,用9F7-F11Ab处理120小时之后,BxPC3细胞增殖得到抑制。在HER2低BxPC3细胞上,用单独的抗HER2曲妥珠单抗没有观察到对细胞增殖的特定影响,而抗EGFR西妥昔单抗与抗HER3Ab 9F7-F11相比效率较低(图8)。相反,mAb9F7-F11和曲妥珠单抗的组合对于抑制细胞增殖比9F7-F11/西妥昔单抗组合更有效,表明曲妥珠单抗/9F7-F11组合对HER2低肿瘤细胞的可能协同效应相比于西妥昔单抗/9F7-F11组合对HER2低肿瘤细胞的累加效应。综上,这些结果表明,NRG-非竞争性变构抗HER3抗体9F7-F11将细胞周期阻断于G1期,通过胱天蛋白酶-9酶原切割恢复早期和晚期线粒体凋亡,并抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。在这种情况下,mAb 9F7-F11与抗HER2Ab的组合可以在HER2低肿瘤中具有很大兴趣。
实施例6:抗HER3NRG-非竞争性变构抗体9F7-F11诱导乳腺癌细胞的抗体依赖性的细胞的细胞毒性
在ADCC测定之前一天,将来源于基底样三阴性乳腺癌的MDA-MB-453肿瘤目标细胞以20,000个细胞/孔铺板于平底96孔微量板。MDA-MB-453细胞系表达约180,000个HER2受体和21,000个HER3受体,而没有观察到EGFR表达。在培养基中洗涤之后,在30分钟过程中以10μg/ml添加9F7-F11mAb,然后添加来源于外周血单核细胞(PBMC)的效应细胞。通过在“Etablissementdu Sang”获得的来自健康供体的血液样品的密度梯度离心来制备PBMC。将效应/目标(E/T)细胞在湿润细胞培养箱中以15/1E/T比率孵育24小时。通过使用细胞毒性检测试剂盒(LDH检测试剂盒;Promega G-1780)根据制造商的说明测量从受损细胞的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放来评价MDA-MB-453目标细胞的杀死。简言之,将50μl细胞上清液小心地转移至新的平底96孔微量板,并将来自试剂盒的LDH反应混合物(50μl/孔)孔添加至各孔。在37℃孵育30分钟之后,添加50μl终止溶液(在试剂盒中可得)并测量在490nm的光密度。对于各实验设置以下对照:单独的PBMC,单独的MDA-MB-453靶细胞(自发的LDH释放),靶细胞与PBMC(抗体依赖性的自发释放),靶细胞与裂解缓冲液(最大的LDH释放),PBMC与Ab,靶细胞与Ab。使用下式测定各样品的百分比特异性裂解:百分比特异性裂解=(样品值–自发释放)/(最大释放–自发释放)*100。如图9中所示,使用来自健康供体1和2的PBMC,9F7-F11Ab诱导MDA-MB-453乳腺癌细胞的5%至10%特异性细胞裂解。在相同实验中,阳性对照曲妥珠单抗诱导约40%裂解,这是由于MDA-MB-453表达比HER3受体多十倍的HER2受体。
实施例7:用HER2扩增的MDA-MB-361和三阴性MDA-MB-468乳腺癌异种移植的小鼠中的9F7-F11单一疗法
无胸腺的6至8-周龄雌性BALB/c裸小鼠购自Janvier和Charles RiversLaboratories。将HER2-扩增的/PIK3CA-突变的乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-361(10x106)和HER2-非扩增的/PTEN-突变的/p53-突变的/ER-/PR-三阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-468(3.5x106)皮下注射至无胸腺的BALB/c裸小鼠的右腹侧中。它们均以低水平(约10,000个受体/细胞)表达HER3受体。所有体内实验都依照法国实验动物研究指南(协议号B34-172-27)进行。
当肿瘤达到约100mm3的体积时,将荷瘤小鼠随机化至不同的处理组中。小鼠通过腹膜内注射HER3-特异性抗体9F7-F11相比于媒介物(PBS)进行处理。注射的抗体的量为300μg/注射(15mg/kg),一周三次,连续持续6周(Q2D-6W)。肿瘤大小用卡尺每周测量两次并且通过公式D1xD2xD3/2计算体积。肿瘤进展使用公式[(最终体积)-(初始体积)]/(初始体积)来计算。结果也通过Kaplan-Meier存活曲线表示,其使用肿瘤达到2,000mm3的确定最终体积所花费的时间。中值延迟定义为50%的小鼠具有达到确定体积的肿瘤的时间。
如图10中所示,我们观察到,相对于在用媒介物处理的小鼠中测量的平均肿瘤大小,在肿瘤移植后第55天(对应于抗体处理的结束;第40天),在9F7-F11-处理的小鼠中,MDA-MB-361肿瘤生长显著降低47±5%(p<0.001)。在实验结束时(97天),在9F7-F11治疗组中观察到肿瘤大小的较小、但显著的21±2%减小,这可能是因为从57天起停止9F7-F11处理。
如图11A中所示,与对照(媒介物)中相比,在9F7-F11处理的用MDA-MB-468细胞异种移植的小鼠中,平均肿瘤体积显著减小(用9F7-F11处理之后,在异种移植后第105天,体积减少35%)。在用MDA-MB-468细胞异种移植的动物中,用9F7-F11Ab处理使50%中值生存时间显著延迟20天(在实验结束时,即190天;对于9F7-F11处理组,稳定一只小鼠;p<0.05)。综上,这些结果表明,在用HER2-扩增或三阴性乳腺癌细胞系异种移植的小鼠中,NRG-非竞争性变构抗HER3Ab 9F7-F11延迟肿瘤生长。
实施例8:在用嗜NRG的BXPC3胰腺癌异种移植的小鼠中的9F7-F11与帕妥珠单抗的组合治疗
我们先前表明,治疗性抗体曲妥珠单抗与其它靶向疗法的组合表明对具有低HER2表达的胰腺癌的协同作用(Larbouret,2007,2010)。我们现在在HER2低胰腺癌中评价与变构抗HER3Ab 9F7-F11和抗HER2Ab帕妥珠单抗的组合治疗。用分泌神经调节蛋白(嗜NRG的)的HER2低胰腺BxPC-3细胞(4.5x106)皮下注入六周龄雌性无胸腺小鼠的右腹侧。当肿瘤达到100mm3的体积时,将荷瘤小鼠随机分配至不同处理组(至少6只动物/组),然后用2或10mg/kg帕妥珠单抗、10mg/kg 9F7-F11或帕妥珠单抗加上9F7-F11的组合(10mg/kg各mAb)处理。每周两次腹膜内(i.p.)给予抗体,持续4周(Q3D-4W)。通过下式计算肿瘤体积:D1x D2x D3/2。对于生存比较,当肿瘤达到1000mm3的体积时,处死小鼠。
与未处理组相比,两种单独的抗体均明显减慢肿瘤生长(p<0.001),并且在抗HER3Ab 9F7-F11和帕妥珠单抗之间没有观察到显著差异(p=0.6488)(图12A)。与对照相比,50%中值生存时间在用9F7-F11处理的小鼠中显著延迟了17天,且在用帕妥珠单抗处理的小鼠中显著延迟了23天(图12A)。此外,与各单独抗体相比,用9F7-F11和帕妥珠单抗共处理对肿瘤生长的抑制高得多(帕妥珠单抗相比于9F7-F11/帕妥珠单抗;p=0.004)。在4周处理结束时,肿瘤体积在用单独的9F7-F11或帕妥珠单抗处理的小鼠中保持增加,而其在接受9F7-F11/帕妥珠单抗组合的动物中仍然相当稳定(图12A)。与对照动物(42天的增益;p=0.0001)或接受单一抗体的小鼠中相比,中值存活时间在用双抗体组合处理的动物中更长(9F7-F11/帕妥珠单抗vs 9F7-F11p=0.0013;9F7-F11/帕妥珠单抗vs帕妥珠单抗p=0.0355)(图12A)。最后,抗HER3Ab 9F7-F11和帕妥珠单抗的组合比帕妥珠单抗/曲妥珠单抗组合显著更有效,其中用9F7-F11/帕妥珠单抗处理的动物中的平均存活时间(42天)比用帕妥珠单抗/曲妥珠单抗处理的动物中(13天)更长(图12B)。综上,这些结果表明,与使用两种HER2特异性抗体的组合疗法相比,使用NRG-非竞争性变构抗HER3Ab 9F7-F11和抗HER2帕妥珠单抗在HER2低肿瘤中更有效。
实施例9:HER3敲除消除用嗜NRG的BXPC3胰腺癌异种移植的小鼠中的9F7-F11体内功效
基于Lee-Hoeflich等.(2008)的工作,如支持材料和方法中所述,选择两种短发夹寡核苷酸以敲低HER3mRNA水平。对照载体(shCTRL)pSIREN-shLuc由L.Le Cam惠赠且如先前所述(Le Cam等,2006)。然后将含有嘌呤霉素N-乙酰基转移酶抗性基因的pSIREN-shHER3和pSIREN-shLuc转染于兼嗜性包装细胞系AmphoPack-293(Clontech)中。2天后,收集含有复制缺陷的病毒颗粒的上清液并用于感染BxPC3细胞。两天后开始抗生素选择(10μg/ml嘌呤霉素)。选择7天后,将细胞亚克隆并基于内源性HER3蛋白表达的不存在进行选择。如上所述用亲本shHER3(3.5x106)或对照shLuc BxPC-3细胞(4.5x106)皮下注入购自Harlan(LeMalcourlet,France)的六周龄雌性无胸腺小鼠的右腹侧。当肿瘤达到100mm3的体积时,将荷瘤小鼠随机分配至不同处理组(至少6只动物/组),然后用10mg/kg 9F7-F11腹膜内处理,每周两次,持续4周(Q3D-4W)。
为了证实HER3表达和9F7-F11体内治疗功效之间的关系,用shHER3或shCTRLBxPC-3细胞异种移植小鼠(图13A)。与我们的体外数据一致,与未处理的对照相比,NRG-非竞争性变构抗HER3抗体9F7-F11显著抑制shCTRL BxPC-3肿瘤异种移植物的生长(p<0.0001和p=0.0015)(图13A)。相反,与未处理的对照相比,在用shHER3BxPC-3癌细胞异种移植且用9F7-F11Ab处理的小鼠中没有观察到显著的肿瘤生长消退(图13A)。在实验结束时,在分离自处理小鼠的shHER3BxPC-3肿瘤异种移植物中,HER3表达仍然沉默(图13B)。这些结果表明,HER3敲低在体内消除NRG-非竞争性变构抗HER3抗体9F7-F11的治疗功效。
参考文献:
在整个本申请中,各个参考文献描述了本发明所属技术领域的状态。这些参考文献的公开内容通过引用并入本公开中。
Claims (17)
1.一种神经调节蛋白非竞争性变构抗人HER3抗体,其包含重链,其中可变结构域包含:
-与如SEQ ID NO:2所示的序列具有至少90%或95%同一性的H-CDR1,
-与如SEQ ID NO:3所示的序列具有至少90%或95%同一性的H-CDR2,
-与如SEQ ID NO:4所示的序列具有至少90%或95%同一性的H-CDR3,
-与如SEQ ID NO:6所示的序列具有至少90%或95%同一性的L-CDR1,
-与如SEQ ID NO:7所示的序列具有至少90%或95%同一性的L-CDR2,
-与如SEQ ID NO:8所示的序列具有至少90%或95%同一性的L-CDR3,且
-所述抗体特异性结合HER3,其亲和力与下述抗体基本上相同,所述抗体包含其中可变结构域包含H-CDR1的SEQ ID NO:2、H-CDR2的SEQ ID NO:3和H-CDR3的SEQ ID NO:4的重链,以及其中可变结构域包含L-CDR1的SEQ ID NO:6、L-CDR2的SEQ ID NO:7和L-CDR3的SEQ IDNO:8的轻链。
2.权利要求1所述的抗体,其包含重链可变区和轻链可变区,所述重链可变区包含H-CDR1区中的SEQ ID NO:2、H-CDR2区中的SEQ ID NO:3和H-CDR3区中的SEQ ID NO:4;且所述轻链可变区包含L-CDR1区中的SEQ ID NO:6、L-CDR2区中的SEQ ID NO:7和L-CDR3区中的SEQ ID NO:8。
3.权利要求1所述的抗体,其中所述抗体的重链可变区具有如SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列和/或所述轻链可变区具有如SEQ ID NO:5所示的氨基酸序列。
4.权利要求1所述的抗体,其为嵌合抗体,优选为嵌合小鼠/人抗体。
5.权利要求1所述的抗体,其为人源化抗体。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的抗体的片段。
7.权利要求6所述的片段,其包含VL或VH链。
8.权利要求6所述的片段,其选自Fv、Fab、F(ab’)2、Fab’、dsFv、scFv、sc(Fv)2和双特异性抗体。
9.一种核酸序列,其编码根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的抗体或根据权利要求5-8中任一项所述的片段。
10.一种核酸序列,其编码根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的单克隆抗体的重链或轻链。
11.权利要求10所述的核酸序列,其为SEQ ID NO:9或SEQ ID NO:10。
12.一种载体,其包含根据权利要求10或11所述的核酸序列。
13.一种宿主细胞,其包含根据权利要求10或11所述的核酸或根据权利要求12所述的载体。
14.一种药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的抗体或其根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的片段。
15.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的抗体或其根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的片段,其用作药物。
16.一种用于治疗受试者中的癌症的方法,其包括向所述受试者施用根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的抗体或其根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的片段。
17.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的抗体或其根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的片段,其用于癌症的诊断中。
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PCT/IB2013/002733 WO2015067986A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 | 2013-11-07 | Neuregulin allosteric anti-her3 antibody |
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EP (1) | EP3066124B1 (zh) |
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CN111108123A (zh) * | 2017-05-29 | 2020-05-05 | 加马玛布斯制药公司 | 癌症相关的免疫抑制抑制剂 |
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EP3091033A1 (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2016-11-09 | Gamamabs Pharma | Anti-human-her3 antibodies and uses thereof |
TW201716439A (zh) | 2015-07-20 | 2017-05-16 | 美國禮來大藥廠 | Her3抗體 |
US11299751B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2022-04-12 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions for the treatment of disease |
US11326182B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2022-05-10 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions for the treatment of disease |
EA202092458A1 (ru) * | 2018-04-11 | 2021-02-08 | Салюбрис Байотерапьютикс, Инк. | Композиции на основе рекомбинантного слитого белка, содержащего нейрегулин-1 (nrg-1) человека, и способы их применения |
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CA2929386C (en) | 2023-01-03 |
RU2016121542A (ru) | 2017-12-12 |
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ES2865196T3 (es) | 2021-10-15 |
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WO2015067986A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
PL3066124T4 (pl) | 2021-08-16 |
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US10196455B2 (en) | 2019-02-05 |
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CN105849125B (zh) | 2020-05-15 |
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