CN105547685A - High-speed motorized spindle loading and knife replacing test device - Google Patents

Abstract

The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device belongs to the technical field of mechanical testing, and aims to solve the problems of single function, high price and failure to simulate the real installation environment existing in the prior art. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention includes a horizontal iron, a support stand, a spindle support part, a spindle torque loading part, a single hydraulic cylinder bidirectional cutting force loading part and a tool change system part; the support stand is fixed on On the ground iron, the main shaft supporting part and the torque loading part are vertically fixed on the support platform, and the main shaft torque loading part is connected with the electric main shaft of the main shaft supporting part to realize torque loading, so The electric spindle is set in the vertical direction, and the bidirectional cutting force loading part of the single hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the horizontal iron, and acts on the loading unit of the torque loading part of the spindle to realize bidirectional cutting force loading. The tool change system Parts are fixed on the support platform.

Description

High-speed electric spindle loading and tool change test device

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical testing, and in particular relates to a high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing testing device.

Background technique

As an industrial master machine, CNC machine tools are an important cornerstone of the development of industrial modernization, and their reliability development has become a key common technology restricting the development of the industry. One of the main reasons for the low reliability level of domestic CNC machine tools is the low reliability level of their key functional components. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the reliability test device of key functional components of CNC machine tools. As one of the key functional components of CNC machine tools, the electric spindle's own reliability level has an important impact on the reliability level of the whole machine.

In actual working conditions, in addition to completing the cutting process, the electric spindle also needs to loosen the broach and change the tool. In the existing technology, there are many kinds of simulated torque and cutting force loading tests for the reliability test system of the electric spindle. , the function is single and imperfect.

For the loading of the electric spindle, the methods are generally divided into contact loading and non-contact loading. The use of non-contact electromagnetic loading will cause electromagnetic interference to the spindle. At present, the electro-hydraulic servo loading technology is perfect, but the problem is that two sets of electro-hydraulic servo loading systems are used for loading in two directions, that is, axial force and radial force simulation loading, which is expensive; in addition, the electric spindle is mostly horizontal Installation, but in the actual process, there are more electric spindles installed vertically, and the horizontal installation fails to simulate the real installation environment, and the horizontal installation is not convenient for the test personnel to operate.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to propose a high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device to solve the problems of single function, high price and failure to simulate the real installation environment existing in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention includes a horizontal iron, a support stand, a main shaft supporting part, a main shaft torque loading part, a single hydraulic cylinder bidirectional cutting force loading part and a tool changing system part;

The supporting platform is fixed on the ground iron, the main shaft supporting part and the main shaft torque loading part are vertically fixed on the supporting platform, and the main shaft torque loading part and the electrical connection of the main shaft supporting part The main shaft is connected to realize torque loading, the electric main shaft is arranged vertically, the bidirectional cutting force loading part of the single hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the horizontal iron, and acts on the main shaft torque loading part to realize bidirectional cutting force loading. The knife system is partly fixed on the support stand;

The single hydraulic cylinder two-way cutting force loading part includes a cutting force loading part and a two-way loading box part; the cutting force loading part includes an electro-hydraulic servo loading device and a mobile platform, and the mobile platform is fixed on the horizontal iron , the electro-hydraulic servo loading device is fixed on the mobile platform, and the moving direction of the mobile platform is perpendicular to the loading direction of the force of the electro-hydraulic servo loading device;

The two-way loading box part includes a two-way loading mechanism housing, a rotating unit support, two rotating units, an elastic loading plate B, a radial loading arm, a radial loading arm support, an axial loading swing arm and a radial loading Swing arm; the rotating unit is supported and fixed on the housing of the two-way loading mechanism, and the axially loading swing arm and the radially loading swing arm are respectively arranged on the rotating unit support and the housing of the two-way loading mechanism through one of the rotating units Between, the radial loading arm is supported and fixed on the lower end surface of the housing of the two-way loading mechanism, the lower end of the radial loading arm is fixedly connected to the radial loading arm support, and the upper end is connected to the radial loading swing arm One end of the radial loading swing arm is in contact with the radial loading head of the other end of the radial loading swing arm and the loading unit of the torque loading part of the main shaft, and acts vertically on the loading unit. One end of the elastic loading plate B is in contact with the loading unit The axially loaded swing arm is fixedly connected, and the other end is fixedly connected with the end of the radially loaded arm that is close to the support of the radially loaded arm. load cell contacts;

The loading rod in the electro-hydraulic servo loading device in the cutting force loading part acts vertically on the elastic loading plate B of the two-way loading box part.

The main shaft supporting part also includes a clamp structure, an electric spindle base and a base support block; the electric spindle is fixed on the clamp structure, and both ends protrude, and the clamp structure is parallel to the side wall of the electric spindle fixed on the electric spindle base, the electric spindle base is fixed on the base support block, and the base support block is fixed on the support platform.

The torque loading part of the main shaft also includes an elastic diaphragm coupling, a dynamometer, an S-type tension pressure sensor, a loading bar and a dynamometer base; one end of the loading bar is clamped on the three jaws of the electric main shaft On the chuck, the other end is connected to the output shaft of the dynamometer through the elastic diaphragm coupling, the electric spindle, the loading rod and the output shaft of the dynamometer are coaxial, and the dynamometer passes through The base of the dynamometer is fixed on the support platform, one end of the S-type tension pressure sensor is fixed on the dynamometer, the other end is fixed on the base of the dynamometer, and the loading bar is a ladder axis.

The loading unit includes a left dustproof end cover, a loading unit shell, a cooling copper pipe, a bearing seat, a left bearing, a sleeve, a right bearing, a bearing end cover, a right dustproof end cover and a sealing ring; One side of the left side bearing, the sleeve and the right side bearing is installed on the loading bar, the left side bearing and the right side bearing are interference fit with the loading bar, and the inner ring of the right side bearing and the shaft of the loading bar Shoulder contact positioning, transition fit or clearance fit between the outer rings of the left and right bearings and the bearing seat, the bearing end cover and one end of the bearing seat are tightly connected, the inner side of the bearing end cover and the bearing seat The inner ring of the right bearing is in contact, the cooling copper tube is sleeved on the outer cylindrical surface of the bearing housing, the loading unit shell is sleeved on the cooling copper tube, and the loading unit shell is close to the end of the left bearing and the The bearing seat is fixedly connected, the left dust-proof end cover and the right dust-proof end cover are respectively tightly connected with the loading unit shell, and the left dust-proof end cover and the right dust-proof end cover are connected to the loading rod A sealing ring is arranged at the contact point.

The mobile platform includes a guide rail support, a guide rail, a servo motor, a coupling housing, a coupling, a lead screw and a lead screw support; the servo motor is fixed on the coupling housing, and the output shaft of the servo motor passes through The coupling is connected to one end of the lead screw, the other end of the lead screw is supported on the guide rail support by the lead screw, two parallel guide rails are arranged on the guide rail support, and the two guide rails are arranged on the guide rail support. The two sides of the lead screw are parallel to the lead screw, the lead screw and a lead screw nut form a lead screw nut pair, a slider is fixed on the lead screw nut, and the slider and two guide rails form a moving Auxiliary, the guide rail support is fixed on the support platform through a base support, and the electro-hydraulic servo loading device is fixed on the slider.

The electro-hydraulic servo loading device also includes a cage, a hydraulic cylinder, a servo valve, an elastic loading plate A, a servo loading table, a slide plate, a force sensor and a displacement sensor; the lower end surface of the slide plate is fixed on the On the slider, a cage is arranged around the end surface of the slider, and a hydraulic cylinder is fixed in the middle. One end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the slider through a joint bearing, and the other end is connected to the elastic loading plate A. One end face is connected, the other end face of the elastic loading plate A is connected to the loading rod, the force sensor measures the loading force of the loading rod, the displacement sensor measures the displacement of the loading rod, and the A servo valve controls the action of the loading rod of the hydraulic cylinder.

The elastic loading plate A and the elastic loading plate B have the same structure, and the elastic loading plate A includes a left connecting plate, a right connecting plate and two sleeves; the left connecting plate and the right connecting plate are arranged oppositely, and the left connecting plate and the two ends of the right connecting plate are connected by two bolts, two sleeves are arranged between the left connecting plate and the right connecting plate, and the two sleeves are sleeved on the two bolts.

The rotating unit includes a swing arm bearing, a thrust bearing, a swing arm shaft and a swing arm lock nut; the swing arm bearing and the thrust bearing are sequentially arranged on the swing arm shaft, and the swing arm is loaded axially or radially The loading swing arm is matched with the bearing of the swing arm, one end of the swing arm shaft is threadedly connected with the support of the rotation unit and locked by the lock nut of the swing arm, and the other end is connected with the housing of the two-way loading mechanism , and provided with loading end caps.

The tool change system part includes a manipulator, a knife handle, a tool handle bracket, a tool change transmission box, a tool change transmission box support and a tool change manipulator motor; the tool change transmission box is fixed on the tool change transmission box bracket, so The tool changing manipulator motor is fixed on the tool changing transmission box, the knife handle is arranged on the upper end of the tool changing transmission box through a knife handle bracket, the tool changing manipulator motor drives the manipulator to rotate, the manipulator and the The tool holder cooperates to realize tool change, the tool change transmission box bracket is arranged on the outside of the main shaft support part, and both ends are fixed on the support stand.

The test device also includes an oil-air lubrication device, a control cabinet and a cooling device fixed on the support stand; the control cabinet controls the entire test device, and the oil-air lubrication device and the cooling device lubricate and control the electric spindle. cool down.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention uses a set of single hydraulic cylinder bidirectional cutting force loading part to complete the two-way loading of the axial force and radial force of the electric spindle, reducing manufacturing costs, and at the same time using the dynamometer Torque loading is performed on the loading bar to simulate the cutting force and cutting torque that the electric spindle receives during the actual machining of workpieces. Through the reliability test of the tested machine tool spindle simulating the real working conditions, the failure of the product is stimulated and exposed, and practical basic data are provided for the reliability growth and evaluation of the product;

2. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention uses a set of single hydraulic cylinder bidirectional cutting force loading part to realize dynamic and static loading; the cutting force amplitude and loading frequency, and the cutting torque of the power head can be dynamically adjusted according to different working conditions tone;

3. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention adopts a detachable dynamometer workbench, which can separate the dynamometer from the loading bar, making the test bench easy to disassemble and replace various types of electric spindles ;

4. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention can simultaneously complete the reliability test and the tool changing test, and has multiple functions;

5. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention installs the electric spindle vertically, which is more in line with the actual spindle installation method, can simulate the real processing environment, and is ergonomic and more convenient to operate.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the two-way loading box part in the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structural shell of the two-way loading box part in the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the rotating unit in the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the radial loading swing arm in the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the supporting structure of the radial loading arm in the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention;

7 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of the spindle supporting part and the spindle torque loading part in the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the loading unit in the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting force loading part in the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the tool change system in the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool change test device of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the tool change of the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool change test device of the present invention;

Among them: 1. Oil-air lubrication device, 2. Support stand, 3. Control cabinet, 4. Horizontal iron, 5. Cooling device, 6. Guide rail support, 7. Guide rail, 8. Servo motor, 9. Coupling housing , 10. Coupling, 11. Joint bearing, 12. Cage, 13. Servo valve, 14. Lead screw, 15. Lead screw support, 16. Elastic loading plate A, 17. Force sensor, 18. Loading rod, 19. Dynamometer base, 20. Dynamometer, 21. Elastic diaphragm coupling, 22. Loading unit, 23. Clamp structure, 24. Electric spindle base, 25. Rotation unit, 26. Elastic loading plate B, 27. Radial loading end cover, 28. Radial loading arm, 29. Radial loading arm support, 30. Axial loading claw, 31. Axial loading end cover, 32. Axial loading swing arm, 33 , retaining ring, 34, swing arm bearing, 35, thrust bearing, 36, swing arm shaft, 37, swing arm lock nut, 38, two-way loading mechanism housing, 39, rotation unit support, 40, manipulator, 41, Tool handle, 42, tool handle support, 43, tool change transmission box, 44, tool change transmission box support, 45, tool change manipulator motor, 46, S-type tension pressure sensor, 47, loading rod, 48, electric spindle, 49 , Base support block, 50, slide plate, 51, hydraulic cylinder, 52, displacement sensor, 54, servo loading table, 55, left dustproof end cover, 56, loading unit shell, 57, left bearing, 58, cooling Copper pipe, 59, sleeve, 60, bearing seat, 61, right bearing, 62, bearing end cover, 63, right dustproof end cover, 64, sealing ring, 65, cutting force loading part, 66, two-way Loading box part, 67, spindle torque loading part, 68, tool changing system part.

detailed description

Embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to the accompanying drawing 1, the high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device of the present invention includes a horizontal iron 4, a support stand 2, a main shaft supporting part, a main shaft torque loading part 67, a single hydraulic cylinder bidirectional cutting force loading part and a tool changing system part 68;

The support stand 2 is fixed on the horizontal iron 4, the main shaft support part and the main shaft torque loading part 67 are vertically fixed on the support stand 2, and the main shaft torque loading part 67 is connected to the main shaft torque loading part 67. The motorized spindle 48 in the spindle support part is connected to realize torque loading. The motorized spindle 48 is arranged vertically. The bidirectional cutting force loading part of the single hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the horizontal iron 4 and acts on the spindle torque loading part 67 On the loading unit 22 of the loading unit, the bidirectional cutting force loading is realized, and the tool change system part 68 is fixed on the supporting platform 2;

The single hydraulic cylinder two-way cutting force loading part includes a cutting force loading part 65 and a two-way loading box part 66; the cutting force loading part 65 includes an electro-hydraulic servo loading device and a mobile platform, and the mobile platform is fixed on the On the horizontal iron 4, the electro-hydraulic servo loading device is fixed on the mobile platform, and the moving direction of the mobile platform is perpendicular to the loading direction of the force of the electro-hydraulic servo loading device;

Referring to accompanying drawings 2 and 3, the two-way loading box part 66 includes a two-way loading mechanism housing 38, a rotating unit support 39, two rotating units 25, an elastic loading plate B26, a radial loading arm 28, a diameter To the loading arm support 29, the axial loading swing arm 32 and the radial loading swing arm;

Referring to accompanying drawing 4, described rotating unit 25 comprises swing arm bearing 34, thrust bearing 35, swing arm shaft 36 and swing arm lock nut 37; On the arm shaft 36, the axially loaded swing arm 32 or the radially loaded swing arm is matched with the swing arm bearing 34, and one end of the swing arm shaft 36 is threadedly connected with the rotation unit support 39, and is locked by the swing arm The tightening nut 37 is locked, and the other end is connected to the housing 38 of the two-way loading mechanism, and is provided with a loading end cover.

Taking axial loading as an example, the contact part of the axial loading claw 30 and the loading unit 22 is a semicircular convex surface, the swing arm shaft 36 is connected with the rotation unit support 39 through threads, and the swing arm shaft is locked by the lock nut of the swing arm shaft 36 36 to prevent loosening, the axial loading swing arm 32 is threadedly connected with the axial loading claw 30, the axial loading swing arm 32 is matched with the swing arm bearing 34 with a stop ring, and the upper end of the swing arm bearing 34 is equipped with a thrust bearing 35, The swing arm bearing 34 and the thrust bearing 35 are preloaded by the loading end cover, and the axial loading end cover 31 is bolted to the left end surface of the two-way loading mechanism housing 38 , and a retaining ring 33 is provided.

Referring to accompanying drawing 5, the said radially loaded swing arm is a plate-like piece with a circular hole in the middle for connecting with the swing arm bearing 34, and a columnar loading head is welded at one end of the radially loaded swing arm.

The axially loaded swing arm 32 is also a plate-shaped piece, with a round hole in the middle for connecting with the swing arm bearing 34, and two threaded holes are provided at one end of the axially loaded swing arm 32 for connecting with the axially loaded card. The jaws 30 are threaded.

Referring to accompanying drawing 6, described radial loading arm support 29 is a rectangular plate structure, and the two sides of the rectangular bottom plate of radial loading arm support 29 respectively have three rectangular elongated holes through bolts and T-nuts and ground level iron 4 connected. The three ribs form an I-shaped support structure and are welded on the rectangular bottom plate, and the middle rib is connected with the radial loading arm 28 through a pin shaft.

The radial loading arm 28 is a plate weldment, the front end is an iron ring for connecting with the pin shaft of the radial loading arm support 29, and a cuboid plate is welded on it.

The loading rod 18 of the electro-hydraulic servo loading device in the cutting force loading part 65 acts vertically on the elastic loading plate B26 of the two-way loading box part 66 .

The housing 38 of the two-way loading mechanism is a half-open plate-type connection box structure, and its upper plate is a rectangular plate-like structural member. A rectangular hole is opened in the center of the left side of the plate. There are four threaded holes, and there is a central circular hole in the middle of the four threaded holes, which is used for threaded connection with the radial loading end cover 27, and four threaded holes are distributed around the plate for threaded connection of the lower half of the box body.

The left side of the two-way loading mechanism housing 38 is a rectangular plate-like structure, with two threaded holes on its upper surface for threaded connection with the upper plate, and four threaded holes on its inner side for connecting with the two-way loading mechanism. The rear of the loading mechanism housing 3838 faces the connection. There are four threaded holes evenly distributed on the right side, and there is a central circular hole in the middle of the four threaded holes, which is used for threaded connection with the axial loading end cap 31 .

The back of the two-item loading mechanism housing is also a stepped plate part, and its upper surface is divided into two threaded holes for threaded connection with the upper surface, and its side is evenly distributed with four threaded holes for two-way loading. The left side of the box body is threaded, and at the same time, four threaded holes are evenly distributed in an L shape on the upper right part of the front, for threaded connection with the radial shaft support.

The rotating unit support 39 is a plate connector, and its upper plate is a rectangular plate structure. Four threaded holes are evenly distributed on the back of the plate for threaded connection with the back of the two-way loading mechanism housing 38. Four threaded holes are evenly distributed on the front of the plate for threaded connection with the front face of the rotating unit support 39, and four threaded holes are evenly distributed on the right side of the plate for threaded connection with the right side of the rotating unit support 39. Four threaded holes are uniformly distributed on the upper surface, and a central circular hole is arranged in the middle of the four threaded holes for threaded connection with the swing arm shaft 36 . The left side of the radial shaft support is a rectangular plate part, and four threaded holes are distributed on the upper surface and the front and rear side surfaces, and four threaded holes are evenly distributed on the upper surface, and there is a The central round hole is used to carry out threaded connection with the swing arm shaft 36. The front surface supported by the radial shaft is also a rectangular plate part, and four threaded holes are respectively distributed on the upper side of the front and the two sides of the L shape on the left side for connecting with the radial shaft. Carry out threaded connection to the top and right side of the rotating shaft support. There are three rectangular elongated holes on both sides of the lower plate of the two loading mechanism housings, which are connected to the horizontal iron 4 through bolts and T-nuts.

The rotation unit support 39 is fixed on the housing 38 of the two-way loading mechanism, and the axial loading swing arm 32 and the radial loading swing arm are respectively arranged on the rotation unit support 39 and the two-way loading mechanism through one rotation unit 25 Between the housings 38, the radial loading arm support 29 is fixed on the lower end surface of the two-way loading mechanism housing 38, the lower end of the radial loading arm 28 is fixedly connected to the radial loading arm support 29, and the upper end is connected to the radial loading arm support 29. One end of the radially loaded swing arm is in contact, and the radially loaded head at the other end of the radially loaded swing arm is in contact with the loading unit 22 of the spindle torque loading part 67, and acts vertically on the loading unit 22, so One end of the elastic loading plate B26 is fixedly connected to the axial loading swing arm 32, and the other end is fixedly connected to the end of the radial loading arm 28 close to the radial loading arm support 29. The axial loading swing arm 32 The other end is in contact with the loading unit 22 of the spindle torque loading portion 67 through the axial loading claw 30 .

Referring to accompanying drawing 7, described main shaft support part also comprises clamping structure 23, electric main shaft base 24 and base supporting block 49; The clamp structure 23 and the parallel side wall of the electric spindle 48 are fixed on the electric spindle base 24, and the electric spindle base 24 is fixed on the base support block 49 by bolts and T-nuts, and the base supports Block 49 is fixed on the middle part of the support platform 2 . The length direction of the electric spindle 48 can be adjusted through the clamp structure 23 and the electric spindle base 24, and the height direction of the electric spindle 48 can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the base support block 49, thereby realizing the alignment between the electric spindle 48 and the dynamometer 20 For the adjustment of coaxiality, the clamp structure 23 is fixed on the electric spindle base 24 through bolts and T-nuts. The main axis direction of the electric spindle 48 is downward, and its central axis is parallel to the front surface of the support stand 2 and perpendicular to the horizontal iron 4. The clamping structure 23 serves as a shell structure surrounding the electric spindle 48 to fix the electric spindle.

The main shaft torque loading part 67 also includes an elastic diaphragm coupling 21, a dynamometer 20, an S-type tension pressure sensor 46, a loading bar 47 and a dynamometer base 19; one end of the loading bar 47 is clamped on On the three-jaw chuck of the electric spindle 48, the other end is connected to the output shaft of the dynamometer 20 through the elastic diaphragm coupling 21. The electric spindle 48, the loading rod 47 and the dynamometer 20 The output shaft is coaxial, the dynamometer 20 is fixed on the support stand 2 through the dynamometer base 19, and one end of the S-type tension pressure sensor 46 is fixed on the dynamometer 20, The other end is fixed on the base 19 of the dynamometer, the loading bar 47 is a stepped shaft, and the small end of the loading bar 47 has a round head A-shaped keyway symmetrical along its axis.

The dynamometer base 19 is a square box structure with a through hole distributed at the four corners, and is fixed on the horizontal iron 4 by bolts and nuts.

The large end of the loading rod 47 is fixed on the three-jaw chuck of the headstock, and the small end of the other end is connected to one end of the elastic diaphragm coupling 21 of model JM116 through two A-shaped keys. The output shaft of the dynamometer 20 is connected to the elastic The other end of the diaphragm coupling 21 is connected by two A-type keys. The dynamometer 20 is an AC power dynamometer DL662, which is fixed on the dynamometer base 19 by bolts. The seat 19 is fixed on the supporting platform 2 through a T-shaped nut, and the S-shaped tension sensor 17 monitors the magnitude of the applied moment in real time. The position of the dynamometer 20 is the middle and lower part of the support stand 2 and there is a small distance from the horizontal iron 4, which is convenient for its installation and disassembly.

Referring to accompanying drawing 8, described loading unit 22 comprises left dust-proof end cover 55, loading unit housing 56, cooling copper tube 58, bearing housing 60, left bearing 57, sleeve 59, right bearing 61, bearing end cover 62. The right side dustproof end cover 63 and sealing ring 64; the left side bearing 57, the sleeve 59 and the right side bearing 61 are installed on the loading bar 47, and the left side bearing 57 and the right side bearing 61 is interference fit with the loading rod 47, the inner ring of the right bearing 61 is in contact with the shoulder of the loading rod 47, and the outer ring of the left bearing 57 and the right bearing 61 is in contact with the bearing seat 60. Transition fit or clearance fit is adopted between them, the bearing end cover 62 is tightly connected to one end of the bearing housing 60, the inner side of the bearing end cover 62 is in contact with the inner ring of the right side bearing 61, and the cooling copper pipe 58 is sleeved on the bearing seat 60. On the outer cylindrical surface of the bearing seat 60, the loading unit casing 56 is sleeved on the cooling copper pipe 58, and the end of the loading unit casing 56 close to the left bearing 57 is fixedly connected to the bearing seat 60, and the left anti- The dust-proof end cap 55 and the right dust-proof end cap 63 are tightly connected to the loading unit housing 56 respectively, and a seal is provided at the contact between the left dust-proof end cap 55 and the right dust-proof end cap 63 and the loading rod 47. Circle 64. The left dust-proof end cover 55 and the right dust-proof end cover 63 are square iron plates with stepped holes inside and trapezoidal ring grooves on the inner surface; the bearing unit shell is trapezoidal iron blocks with stepped holes inside. Six threaded holes are evenly distributed around the stepped holes on the end face, and four other threaded holes are evenly distributed on the left end face; the cooling copper pipe 58 is a spiral copper pipe; the bearing seat 60 is a cylindrical iron block, and the inner There are stepped holes, and threaded holes are evenly distributed around the circumference of the stepped holes at both ends;

The bearing seat 60 cooperates with the left bearing 57 through the annular step of its inner hole; the bearing end cover 62 is tightly connected with the bearing seat 60 through screws, and the raised ring at the left end of the bearing end cover 62 withstands the outer ring of the right bearing 61, The bearing group is preloaded; the bearings of the loading unit 22 are grease lubricated and water cooled, and the water flows in the cooling copper pipe 58 to cool the bearings.

Referring to accompanying drawing 9, described mobile platform comprises guide rail support 6, guide rail 7, servo motor 8, shaft coupling housing 9, shaft coupling 10, leading screw 14 and leading screw support 15; Described servo motor 8 fixes described On the shaft coupling housing 9, the output shaft of the servo motor 8 is connected to one end of the lead screw 14 through the shaft coupling 10, and the other end of the lead screw 14 is arranged on the guide rail support 6 through the lead screw support 15. Two parallel guide rails 7 are arranged on the guide rail support 6, and two guide rails 7 are arranged on both sides of the lead screw 14 and are parallel to the lead screw 14, and the lead screw 14 and a lead screw nut form a lead screw. A lever nut pair, a slide block is fixed on the lead screw nut, the slide block and two guide rails 7 form a moving pair, the guide rail support 6 is fixed on the support platform 2 through a base support, the The electro-hydraulic servo loading device is fixed on the slider. The height direction of the mobile platform can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the base support. Described mobile platform is fixed on the left side of horizontal iron 4 by T-bolt, and its long side is parallel with the short side of horizontal iron 4.

The electro-hydraulic servo loading device also includes a cage 12, a hydraulic cylinder 51, a servo valve 13, an elastic loading plate A16, a servo loading table 54, a slide plate 50, a force sensor 17 and a displacement sensor 52; the lower end surface of the slide plate 50 passes through The servo loading workbench 54 is fixed on the slider, the upper end surface of the slider 50 is surrounded by a cage 12, and a hydraulic cylinder 51 is fixed in the middle, and one end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 51 passes through the joint bearing 11 and the The slide plate 50 is connected, the other end is connected to one end surface of the elastic loading plate A16, the other end surface of the elastic loading plate A16 is connected to the loading rod 18, and the force sensor 17 measures the loading of the loading rod 18. The displacement sensor 52 measures the extension displacement of the loading rod 18, and the servo valve 13 controls the action of the loading rod 18 of the hydraulic cylinder 51. The slide plate 50 is a rectangular plate structure, two T-shaped grooves are evenly distributed on the upper plane of the slide plate 50 from left to right, and two rows of threaded holes are evenly distributed in the middle of the lower plane of the slide plate 50 for working with the servo load. The table 54 is screwed, and the axis of rotation of the threaded hole is perpendicular to the upper plane and the lower plane of the servo loading table 54 .

The hydraulic cylinder 51 is a single-rod or double-piston-rod hydraulic cylinder. The longitudinal axis of symmetry of the hydraulic cylinder 51 is in the longitudinal symmetry plane of the cage 12. The front end of the hydraulic cylinder 51 is equipped with a displacement sensor 52 support. When the piston rod moves The inner core of the displacement sensor 52 also moves, and the displacement sensor 52 can measure the displacement of the piston rod.

The elastic loading plate A16 and the elastic loading plate B26 have the same structure, and the elastic loading plate A16 includes a left connecting plate, a right connecting plate, two sleeves with the same structure, two bolts with the same specifications and two bolts with the same specifications. Nuts, wherein the left connecting plate and the right connecting plate have the same structure. Two bolts of the same specification are inserted into the through holes on both sides of the left connecting plate and the right connecting plate, two sleeves with the same structure are set on the two bolts between the left connecting plate and the right connecting plate, and finally passed through two Nuts with the same structure fixedly connect the left connecting plate, the right connecting plate and the sleeves with the same structure.

The threaded hole on the right connecting plate of the elastic loading plate A16 is threadedly connected with the left end of the double-ended stud, the thread at the right end of the double-ended stud is connected with the loading rod 18, and the threaded hole on the left connecting plate is connected with the right end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 51 threaded connection. The elastically loaded plate A16 can absorb part of the vibration displacement and can transmit the force. The natural frequency of the elastic loading plate A16 should be more than twice the excitation frequency.

Both sides of the front connecting plate of the elastic loading plate B26 are respectively provided with threaded holes for threaded connection with the axial loading swing arm 32 and the radial loading arm 28 . The elastically loaded plate B26 can absorb part of the vibration displacement and can transmit the force. The natural frequency of the elastic loading plate B26 should be more than twice the excitation frequency.

Referring to accompanying drawing 10, described tool changing system part 68 comprises manipulator 40, knife handle 41, tool handle support 42, tool changing gear box 43, tool changing gear box bracket 44 and tool changing manipulator motor 45; 43 is fixed on the tool change transmission box bracket 44, the tool change manipulator motor 45 is fixed on the tool change transmission box 43, and the knife handle 41 is set on the tool change transmission box 43 through the tool handle bracket 42 At the upper end, the tool changing manipulator motor 45 drives the manipulator 40 to rotate, and the manipulator 40 cooperates with the tool handle 41 to realize tool changing. The tool changing transmission box bracket 44 is arranged on the outside of the main shaft support part, and the two ends are fixed on the supporting platform 2.

The tool change transmission box bracket 44 is a plate connector, and the four corners of the upper plate are respectively provided with strip holes for threaded connection with the tool change transmission box 43, and the two sides of the tool change transmission box bracket 44 are L Type weldment, the L-shaped side plate is screwed to the upper plate, and the lower surface of the L-shaped side plate is provided with two grooves for threaded connection with the support stand 2. There is a rib between the side of the L-shaped side plate and the ground to improve its rigidity.

Knife handle support 42 is an L-shaped welded plate, and a rib plate is arranged between its side plate and the lower plate to improve its rigidity. A standard knife holder 41 is stored in the knife position.

The tool magazine manipulator 40 is a known technology, and the specific structure of the manipulator 40 tool magazine will not be repeated here.

The test device also includes an oil-air lubrication device 1, a control cabinet 3 and a cooling device 5 fixed on the support frame 2; the control cabinet 3 controls the entire test device, and the oil-air lubrication device 1 and the cooling device 5 Lubricate and cool the electric spindle 48.

The working principle of the reliability loading test of the high-speed electric spindle 48 loading and tool change test device of the present invention: when carrying out the reliability loading test of the electric spindle 48, the test bench is assembled and connected as shown in Figure 1, and the desired result is determined before the test. The size of the simulated dynamic and static force, adjust the mobile platform to adjust the electro-hydraulic servo loading device to the specified position, when the loading rod 18 at the end of the hydraulic cylinder 51 acts on the elastic loading plate B26, the force on the hydraulic cylinder 51 will be elastically loaded The two sides of the plate B26 are decomposed into two forces, the axial force will be loaded to the axial direction of the loading unit 22 by loading the swing arm 32 in the axial direction, and the radial force will be transmitted to the rear of the radial loading swing arm through the radial loading arm 28 , load the force to the radial direction of the loading unit 22, and finally control it through the upper industrial computer, select a certain parameter on the control interface and communicate with the controller of the lower dynamometer 20 and the controller of the servo valve 13 through a port, the dynamometer The controller controls the dynamometer 20 to apply torque to the rotating loading rod 47. At the same time, the upper industrial computer collects the feedback signals of the force sensor 17 and the displacement sensor 52 on the electro-hydraulic servo loading device, and performs closed-loop control on the electro-hydraulic servo loading device. The control process is monitored in real time.

When the high-speed electric spindle 48 loading and tool changing test device according to the present invention conducts a reliability test on the electric spindle 48, a cutting force loading device is installed according to the cutting conditions to be simulated. Set the loading force, vibration frequency, loading waveform, loading time, loading torque and machine tool spindle speed and other parameters on the interface. After the test starts, the upper industrial computer controls the machine tool spindle speed, and simultaneously controls the hydraulic loading system and torque loading system. , after the loading process ends, the servo valve 13 controls the hydraulic loading system to retract the loading head, and at the same time stops the torque loading system.

Referring to accompanying drawing 11, the working principle of the tool change test of the high-speed electric spindle 48 loading and tool change test device of the present invention is as follows: remove the dynamometer 20, loading rod 47, and loading unit 22 in Fig. 1, and replace the loading rod 47 Insert the standard tool holder 41 into the electric spindle 48. The manipulator 40 is in the standby state, and it is positioned at the tool change height during installation; the manipulator 40 rotates clockwise around the symmetry center of its centrosymmetric structure for the tool change angle γ, so that the manipulator 40 is in the state of grasping the knife. At this time, a card of the manipulator 40 The claw grabs the knife handle 41 in the storage tool position, and the other claw grabs the knife handle 41 in the electric spindle 48; after that, the manipulator 40 moves vertically downward to pull out the knife, driving the knife handle 41 stored in place to pull out the knife. Drive the knife handle 41 in the electric spindle 48 and the tool it carries to pull out from the electric spindle 48; after that, the manipulator 40 rotates 180 degrees clockwise around the center of symmetry of its centrosymmetric structure, and the two knife handles 41 and their After that, the manipulator 40 moves vertically upwards to insert the knife, drives the tool handle 41 in one jaw and the tool it carries to insert the electric spindle 48, and drives the tool handle 41 in the other jaw and its tool. The carried tool is inserted into the pocket on the storage pocket. After the tool change, the manipulator 40 rotates counterclockwise γ around the symmetry center of its centrosymmetric structure, and the manipulator 40 is in the standby state once the tool change action is completed.

Claims (10)

1. High-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device, including horizontal iron (4), characterized in that it also includes support stand (2), spindle support part, spindle torque loading part (67), single hydraulic cylinder bidirectional cutting force Loading part and tool changing system part (68); The supporting platform (2) is fixed on the horizontal iron (4), the main shaft supporting part and the main shaft torque loading part (67) are vertically fixed on the supporting platform (2), the The main shaft torque loading part (67) is connected with the electric main shaft (48) of the main shaft support part to realize torque loading, the electric main shaft (48) is arranged vertically, and the single hydraulic cylinder bidirectional cutting force loading part is fixed on the On the ground iron (4), it acts on the loading unit (22) of the spindle torque loading part (67) to realize bidirectional cutting force loading, and the tool change system part (68) is fixed on the supporting platform (2 )superior; The single hydraulic cylinder two-way cutting force loading part includes a cutting force loading part (65) and a two-way loading box part (66); the cutting force loading part (65) includes an electro-hydraulic servo loading device and a mobile platform, the The mobile platform is fixed on the ground level iron (4), the electro-hydraulic servo loading device is fixed on the mobile platform, and the moving direction of the mobile platform is perpendicular to the loading direction of the force of the electro-hydraulic servo loading device; The two-way loading box part (66) includes a two-way loading mechanism housing (38), a rotating unit support (39), two rotating units (25), an elastic loading plate B (26), a radial loading arm ( 28), radial loading arm support (29), axial loading swing arm (32) and radial loading swing arm; the rotating unit support (39) is fixed on the two-way loading mechanism housing (38), the The axial loading swing arm (32) and the radial loading swing arm are respectively arranged between the rotating unit support (39) and the two-way loading mechanism housing (38) through one said rotating unit (25), and said radial loading The arm support (29) is fixed on the lower end surface of the two-way loading mechanism housing (38), the lower end of the radial loading arm (28) is fixedly connected to the radial loading arm support (29), and the upper end is fixed to the radial loading arm support (29). Contact to one end of the loading swing arm, the radial loading head at the other end of the radial loading swing arm is in contact with the loading unit (22) of the spindle torque loading part (67), and acts vertically on the loading unit (22) On, one end of the elastic loading plate B (26) is fixedly connected to the axial loading swing arm (32), and the other end is connected to the radial loading arm (28) near the end of the radial loading arm support (29) Fixedly connected, the other end of the axially loaded swing arm (32) is in contact with the loading unit (22) of the main shaft torque loading part (67) through the axially loaded claw (30); The loading rod (18) of the electro-hydraulic servo loading device in the cutting force loading part (65) acts vertically on the elastic loading plate B (26) of the two-way loading box part (66). 2. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the spindle support part further includes a clamping structure (23), an electric spindle base (24) and a base support block (49) ; The electric spindle (48) is fixed on the holding structure (23), with both ends extending out, and the side wall parallel to the holding structure (23) and the electric spindle (48) is fixed on the electric spindle base (24), the electric spindle base (24) is fixed on the base support block (49), and the base support block (49) is fixed on the support platform (2). 3. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the spindle torque loading part (67) also includes an elastic diaphragm coupling (21), a dynamometer ( 20), S-type tension pressure sensor (46), loading rod (47) and dynamometer base (19); One end of the loading rod (47) is clamped on the three-jaw chuck of the electric spindle (48), and the other end passes through the elastic diaphragm coupling (21) and the dynamometer (20). The output shaft is connected, the electric spindle (48), the loading bar (47) and the output shaft of the dynamometer (20) are coaxial, and the dynamometer (20) is fixed by the dynamometer base (19) On the support stand (2), one end of the S-type tension pressure sensor (46) is fixed on the dynamometer (20), and the other end is fixed on the dynamometer base (19), The loading rod (47) is a stepped shaft. 4. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the loading unit (22) comprises a left dustproof end cover (55), a loading unit shell (56), a cooling copper Tube (58), bearing housing (60), left bearing (57), sleeve (59), right bearing (61), bearing end cover (62), right dustproof end cover (63) and sealing ring (64); One side of the left side bearing (57), the sleeve (59) and the right side bearing (61) is installed on the loading rod (47), and the left side bearing (57) and the right side bearing (61) are connected with the The loading rod (47) is interference fit, the inner ring of the right bearing (61) is in contact with the shoulder of the loading rod (47), and the outer ring of the left bearing (57) and the right bearing (61) The transition fit or clearance fit is adopted between the ring and the bearing seat (60), the bearing end cover (62) is tightly connected with one end of the bearing seat (60), and the inner side of the bearing end cover (62) and the right side The inner ring of the side bearing (61) is in contact, the cooling copper pipe (58) is sleeved on the outer cylindrical surface of the bearing housing (60), and the loading unit shell (56) is sleeved on the cooling copper pipe (58) Above, the end of the loading unit housing (56) close to the left bearing (57) is fixedly connected to the bearing seat (60), and the left dustproof end cover (55) and the right dustproof end cover (63) are respectively connected with The loading unit shell (56) is tightly connected, and a sealing ring (64) is provided at the contact between the left dustproof end cover (55) and the right dustproof end cover (63) and the loading rod (47). 5. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile platform includes guide rail support (6), guide rail (7), servo motor (8), coupling housing (9), shaft coupling (10), leading screw (14) and leading screw support (15); The servomotor (8) is fixed on the shaft coupling housing (9), and the output shaft of the servomotor (8) is connected with an end of a shaft coupling (10) and a leading screw (14), and the leading screw ( 14) the other end is arranged on the described guide rail support (6) by lead screw support (15), two parallel guide rails (7) are arranged on the described guide rail support (6), two described guide rails (7) Arranged on both sides of the lead screw (14) and parallel to the lead screw (14), the lead screw (14) and a lead screw nut form a lead screw nut pair, and a sliding screw nut is fixed on the lead screw nut block, the slider and two guide rails (7) form a moving pair, the guide rail support (6) is fixed on the support platform (2) through a base support, and the electro-hydraulic servo loading device is fixed on the on the slider. 6. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device according to claim 5, characterized in that the electro-hydraulic servo loading device further comprises a cage (12), a hydraulic cylinder (51), a servo valve (13), Elastic loading plate A (16), servo loading table (53), slide plate (50), force sensor (17) and displacement sensor (52); The lower end surface of the slide plate (50) is fixed on the slide block through the servo loading workbench (53), the upper end surface of the slide plate (50) is surrounded by a cage (12), and a hydraulic cylinder (51) is fixed in the middle. ), one end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (51) is connected with the slide plate (50) through a joint bearing (11), and the other end is connected with an end face of the elastic loading plate A (16), and the elastic loading plate The other end face of A (16) is connected with the loading rod (18), the force sensor (17) measures the loading force of the loading rod (18), and the displacement sensor (52) measures the loading rod ( 18) Extended displacement, the servo valve (13) controls the action of the loading rod (18) of the hydraulic cylinder (51). 7. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device according to claim 6, characterized in that, the elastic loading plate A (16) and the elastic loading plate B (26) have the same structure, and the elastic loading plate A (16) It includes a left connecting plate, a right connecting plate and two sleeves; the left connecting plate and the right connecting plate are arranged oppositely, the two ends of the left connecting plate and the right connecting plate are connected by two bolts, and the two sleeves are arranged on Between the left connecting plate and the right connecting plate, two sleeves are sleeved on the two bolts. 8. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating unit (25) includes a swing arm bearing (34), a thrust bearing (35), a swing arm shaft (36) and swing arm lock nut (37); The swing arm bearing (34) and the thrust bearing (35) are sequentially arranged on the swing arm shaft (36), and the swing arm (32) is axially loaded or the swing arm and the swing arm bearing ( 34) Matching, one end of the swing arm shaft (36) is threadedly connected to the support (39) of the rotation unit, and locked by the swing arm lock nut (37), and the other end is connected to the shell of the two-way loading mechanism The body (38) is connected and provided with a loading end cover. 9. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool change test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the tool change system part (68) includes a manipulator (40), a tool holder (41), and a tool holder support (42) , tool change transmission box (43), tool change transmission box support (44) and tool change manipulator motor (45); described tool change transmission box (43) is fixed on the described tool change transmission box support (44), so The tool changer manipulator motor (45) is fixed on the tool change transmission box (43), and the knife handle (41) is arranged on the upper end of the tool change transmission box (43) through a knife handle bracket (42). The tool changing manipulator motor (45) drives the manipulator (40) to rotate, and the manipulator (40) cooperates with the knife handle (41) to realize tool changing, and the tool changing transmission box bracket (44) is arranged on the main shaft supporting part The outer side of the two ends are fixed on the support platform (2). 10. The high-speed electric spindle loading and tool changing test device according to claim 1, characterized in that the test device also includes an oil-air lubrication device (1) fixed on the support stand (2), a control cabinet (3 ) and cooling device (5); the control cabinet (3) controls the entire test device, and the oil-air lubrication device (1) and the cooling device (5) lubricate and cool the electric spindle (48).