CN105145305A - Water culture seedling method for slash pine big tree needle fascicles - Google Patents
Water culture seedling method for slash pine big tree needle fascicles Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water culture seedling method for slash pine big tree needle fascicles, and belongs to the technical field of conifer asexual propagation. The invention creatively provides the water culture seedling method which adopts an 8-10-year-old slash pine big tree with obvious growth vigor as a mother plant, and under the condition that the normal growth of the slash pine big tree is kept, only a small amount of lateral branches are subjected to rejuvenation and needle fascicles are utilized to quickly and efficiently propagate a clone. According to the method provided by the invention, the dormant state of the needle fascicles is broken through by virtue of a retired water culture manner, essential nutrients are provided to promote cell differentiation so as to gradually form calluses, primordial roots and adventitious roots, and promote germination and growth of buds, and then needle-shaped primary leaves of which the shapes are completely consistent with those of seedlings are germinated and develop into new nursery stocks, so that the method provided by the invention is not restricted by the age of the slash pine mother plant. Moreover, according to the method provided by the invention, only weak pruning of a small amount of lateral branches of a good mother plant is needed, and the completeness of the mother plant and the stability of a genetic testing system are ensured, so that the method can be widely popularized and applied to production easily.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to conifer vegetative propagation technique field, specifically, the present invention relates to the water planting seedling-cultivating method of the large tree needle-leaved bundle of a kind of wet-land pine tree.
Background technology
Wet-land pine tree China have more than 60 year introduce a fine variety history, there is stronger adaptability, diseases and insect pests resistance is stronger, grow vigorous, its trunk is logical straight satisfactory, and Gum yield is high and best in quality, is good papermaking and rosin raw material forest, drive wood pulp papermaking, timber to process and rosin series the developing rapidly of Product processing industrialization, develop into south China In The Low Mountain-hill Region Major Tree Species Planted and important cycle industrial material forest seeds.Although most of coniferous species vegetative propagation difficulty, constantly perfect along with vegetative propagation technique, vegetative propagation is widely used in the stock breeding of coniferous species more and more.By vegetative propagation, the good select tree of proterties can be chosen or kind is bred and utilization and extention from existing germ plasm resource, both overcome seminal propagation nursery stock and gone out garden time long shortcoming, the merit of parent can be kept again.With to grow directly from seeds or compared with seed orchard conventional breeding programmes, its breeding improvement cycle, the time of 1/2 ~ 1/3 was shortened in comparable breeding of growing directly from seeds, and maximum genetic gain can be obtained when selecting difference identical, and clone stands forest form is neat, be convenient to intensive farming and processing and utilization, effectively improve forest land utilization ratio and the output value.
The conventional nutrient propagation method mainly epicormic branch cutting that the current investigation and application of wet-land pine tree is maximum, eliminate mother tree age effect by construction cutting orchard through continuous childrenization process, gather semi-lignified fringe bar and cultivate into clone after cuttage root-taking under certain environment controls.(torch pine, wet-land pine tree and masson pine Building Techniques of Cuttings Orchard, hold, Fujian rice wine, 2001, and 21 (2); Torch pine, wet-land pine tree and Cuttage Seedling-Raising of Masson Pine technology, hold, Fujian rice wine, and 2001.21 (3); The research of wet-land pine tree cutting orchard and Technique on Cuttage Propagation, Pan Jian, Chen Jiashou, Anhui forestry science and technology, 1997 (1).）。In addition, needle-leaved bundle is extremely short the stem being in resting state having needle, the nursery of needle-leaved bundle water planting is also one of wet-land pine tree vegetative propagation technique of maturation, and this technology tool in construction wet-land pine tree Seed-breeding techniques system, the development of propelling wet-land pine tree Developing Clonal Forestry etc. is of great significance.(pine needle Shu Yumiao, Zhou Xintie, Yang Chenggui, China Forestry Publishing House, 1988; Needle of Slash Pine bundle seedling clonal planting is studied, Zhou Xintie etc., Hubei forestry science and technology, 1990, (3): 14-16; The Primary Study of Needle of Slash Pine Shu Shuipei, Li Tingting, Xu Yezhou etc., Hubei forestry science and technology, 2010.) but above-mentioned two kinds of asexual reproduction methods are all only applicable to children maternal plant in age, the raw then spray gathered from the large tree of pine tree that life in 8 years is above or needle-leaved bundle are difficult to breed seedling by said method, its nursery stock also growth retardation even if take root on a small quantity, and its survival rate is also very low.As can be seen here, conventional method disclosed in prior art is not suitable for non-children's maternal plant wet-land pine tree in age large tree needle-leaved bundle and carries out vegetative propagation, and prior art also rarely have specificly to carry out fast for non-children conifer maternal plant in age, report that is efficient, vegetative propagation technique aspect on a large scale.
In sum, how overcoming the age effect in restriction conifer vegetative propagation technique and position effect preferably, break through correlation technique difficult point, is current researcher technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of problem pointed in background technology and prior art existence, the object of the present invention is to provide the water planting seedling-cultivating method of the large tree needle-leaved bundle of a kind of wet-land pine tree, the method creatively proposes with growth vigor obvious 8 ~ 10 years large trees of raw wet-land pine tree as maternal plant, when keeping its normal growth, a small amount of side shoot childrenization is taked to process and utilize needle-leaved bundle quick, be multiplied into clone efficiently, obviously shorten breeding cycle, amount reproduction can be carried out, greatly advance improved variety process, breach the age effect defect that traditional conifer clonal reproduction method is only applicable to the needle-leaved bundle nursery of 1 ~ 2 year raw nursery stock, and the method only needs the " weakness " of excellent maternal plant being carried out to a small amount of side shoot to prune, and ensure that the integrality of maternal plant and the stability of genetic test system, is easy to carry out large-scale promotion application aborning.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, inventor is through a large amount of experimental studies, and have developed the water planting seedling-cultivating method of the large tree needle-leaved bundle of a kind of wet-land pine tree, the technical scheme of described method is as follows:
A water planting seedling-cultivating method for the large tree needle-leaved bundle of wet-land pine tree, described method comprises following steps:
(1) fine individual plant that growth selection amount is larger in the standing forest of life in 8 ~ 10 years, carries out tending management by fast-growing and high-yield plantation technical regulation, and conservative control density keeps sufficient tree crown growing space, by loosen the soil and the measure such as fertilising promotes forest robust growth;
(2) select 2 ~ 5 tree crown middle and lower parts stalwartnesses, the good primary lateral branches of illumination condition, before resin flowing in the early spring, pruning is carried out to it and urge to sprout;
To erase in time for (3) 4 ~ Mays small and weak or too much rudiment, make 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong rudiments grow into young sprout coppice shoot fast;
(4) when step (3) described coppice shoot grow into semi-lignified, its terminal bud carries out second time before not sprouting and prunes away top, retains length 3 ~ 5cm, small and weak or too much rudiment of erasing after rudiment, every retains 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong rudiment;
(5) mid or late October erases young sprout terminal bud, interrupts the top elongation growth of fringe bar, promotes that needle-leaved bundle nutrient reserve also maintains its youngization state;
(6) maternal plant gathers the needle-leaved bundle processed through childrenization on coppice shoot mid or late December after stopping growing;
(7) select room ventilation to breathe freely, without the place of direct sunlight, build husky bed, employing mass concentration is the KMnO of 0.2 ~ 0.5%
4the needle-leaved bundle collected described in step (6) carries out disinfection by solution, then drench with water purification, needle-leaved bundle is uprightly imbedded in sand, described needle-leaved bundle length of embedment is 1/2 of needle-leaved bundle length, water once permeable after having buried immediately, and cover film moisturizing, keep indoor temperature to be 5 ~ 8 DEG C, keep husky bed moistening, the husky Tibetan time is 25 ~ 35 days;
(8) be modulated into water planting frame with group training frame, water planting frame divides two-layer up and down, select that light transmission is good, high-temp resisting high-humidity resisting, easily cleaning vial as water planting bottle, drying for standby after rinsing well with clear water after described vial being carried out disinfection before water planting;
(9) a certain amount of boric acid, Cobastab is taken
1, ammonium nitrate is water-soluble, be mixed with culture fluid, stand-by, the concentration of described culture fluid mesoboric acid is 75mg/L, Cobastab
1concentration be 20mg/L, the concentration of ammonium nitrate is 20mg/L, and the pH value of described culture fluid is 6.0 ~ 6.5;
(10) generally water planting nursery is started in mid-February, first from husky bed, take out needle-leaved bundle and wash most fine sand, select the healthy and strong needle-leaved bundle that leaf look normal, base portion parcel is loose or slightly expand, base portion is excised with blade, make otch smooth, take out after adopting carbendazim solution or tpn solution to soak needle-leaved bundle base portion 30min, needle-leaved bundle base portion is managed, put into the root element solution prepared in advance, soak time is 12 ~ 16h, has processed rear taking-up needle-leaved bundle and has been cleaned up by residual liquor with clear water;
(11) culture fluid prepared described in step (9) is added in the water planting bottle described in step (8), control liquid level is 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, insert in bottle after again needle-leaved bundle being dismissed by bundle, every root needle-leaved bundle base portion is all immersed in culture fluid, 30 ~ 50 every bottle, put evenly, then the water planting bottle installing needle-leaved bundle and culture fluid is placed on water planting frame neatly, equably, then be placed in plastic, thermal-insulation canopy or glass greenhouse, do not contact with each other as degree with the blade tip of needle-leaved bundle;
(12) auxiliary heating is carried out with electric heater, the maximum temperature controlled in roof insulating or glass greenhouse is no more than 35 DEG C, minimum temperature is not less than 12 DEG C, controlling relative air humidity in roof insulating or glass greenhouse is 60 ~ 80%, in case of strong sunlight need carry out appropriate shading, use fluorescent lamp supplementary light night, in water planting process, keep the degree of depth of culture fluid in water planting bottle to be not less than 1cm, if not enough, the culture fluid described in step (9) need be added in time; Sprayed a foliage fertilizer every 7 days, described fertilizer, by the described culture fluid formulated of step (9), once cleans and changes culture fluid for every 7 ~ 10 days;
(13) water planting 30 ~ 40 days needle-leaved bundles are taken root, start when root length reaches 1 ~ 2cm to transplant: before transplanting, first on face, seedbed, excavate the dark ditch of 2 ~ 3cm by the line-spacing of 18 ~ 20cm, the pure thin river sand that 2cm is thick is spread in ditch, transplant first 1 ~ 2 day river sand of drenching, need carry out under moisturizing dark conditions during transplanting, on fine sand, an aperture is opened with scuppit or waddy, seedling of taking root puts into hole, root system is unfolded and combines closely with sandy soil, the depth of planting is that shoot root neck is a little less than native face, spacing in the rows is 3 ~ 5cm, water permeable after having planted immediately, root is long plants more than after brachymemma during 5cm, arch bamboo chip is put on surface, seedbed after transplanting, cover film thermal insulating moisturizing,
(14) strengthen management, the humidity of running check transplanting medium, removes film after Survival rate of nursery stock, and the needle-leaved bundle being transplanted to seedbed starts to grow new root for about 10 days, and water root originally becomes brown by white transition, is transformed into normal root system gradually after lignification;
About (15) two months needle-leaved bundle germinating to seedling, after bud is unearthed, carries out weeding by field seedling raising method, apply fertilizer, water, the seedling management such as the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Further, described in technique scheme step (2), trimming method is: primary lateral branches and the sturdy side shoot leading shoot of secondary were blocked from spring upper one year raw branch, other side shoot is wiped out from the blight wood of autumn growth upper one year, wipes out the weak branch of disease branch simultaneously.
Further, the husky bed brick built described in technique scheme step (7) or plank are made, described husky bedside 80 ~ 100cm, dark 20 ~ 30cm, described needle-leaved bundle neatly buries in husky bed puts into several rows, and put with connected burying bundled in a line, it is 8 ~ 10cm that described needle-leaved bundle buries the line-spacing put.
Further, in technique scheme, step (8) described water planting frame bottom height is 50cm, and be spaced apart 80 ~ 100cm between two-layer, described vial is cylindrical glass bottle, and the internal diameter of described vial is 6 ~ 8cm, and interior height is 8 ~ 10cm.
Further preferably, water planting frame described in technique scheme is covered with silica-gel electrothermic plate.
Further, in technique scheme, needle-leaved bundle root described in step (10) is 1 ~ 2cm at carbendazim or the soaking depth in tpn solution middle age; The soaking depth of described needle-leaved bundle in root element solution is 1 ~ 2cm, what described carbendazim solution was selected is 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid, what described tpn solution was selected is 70% tpn, 800 times of liquid, NAA, IBA or the 911 root element solution of described root element solution to be concentration be 50mg/L.
Further, controlling day temperature described in technique scheme step (12) is 25 ~ 28 DEG C, and described nocturnal temperature is 15 ~ 18 DEG C.
Further, plastic, thermal-insulation canopy described in technique scheme step (11) is selected having a good transport service, illumination is sufficient, ventilated, flatly building close to water source, the height of described roof insulating is 2 ~ 3m, the length of side is 10 ~ 25m, ceiling is the Simple double-layer plastic tunnel on arch or inclined-plane, is provided with heating, humidification, illuminator or facility in described roof insulating.
Further, the shading time described in technique scheme step (12) is between 11 ︰ 00 ~ 15 ︰ 00, open shading screen and carry out appropriate shading, the described supplementary light time at night is 18 ︰ ︰ 00 to next day 7 00, and employing intensity of illumination is the fluorescent lamp supplementary light of 2000lx.
Further, medium depth is kept to be 1.0 ~ 1.5cm described in technique scheme step (12).
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention is needle-leaved bundle for breeding the plant nutrition tissue of nursery stock, obviously be different from side shoot or the rudiment bar of prior art employing, needle-leaved bundle is extremely short the stem having needle, generally be grown on the shaping age of pine tree sprouting, in the process that it is formed, also differentiation is simultaneously sprouted, the early stage reproduction coefficient of defect individual can not only be improved with needle-leaved bundle breeding nursery stock, and inclined hat or the base portion germinating phenomenon of tloig-cutlage seedling can be overcome, produce for breeding clone nursery stock technology and illustrate prospect;
(2) the present invention is different from traditional cuttage and seedling culture method, the present invention breaks the resting state of needle-leaved bundle by water planting mode of leaving one's post, and provide necessary Nutrients uptake Cell Differentiation progressively to form sprouting and growth of callus, root restriction, adventive root and bud, then sprout form and the on all four aciculiform primary leaf of seedling, develop into new nursery stock; And the present invention can keep the childrenization state of the large tree needle-leaved bundle of wet-land pine tree, therefore the inventive method is not by the restriction of wet-land pine tree mother tree age, can be applicable to the large tree of wet-land pine tree of life in 8 ~ 10 years, overcome age effect and the position effect of the maternal plant in prior art restriction conifer vegetative propagation technique preferably;
(3) the present invention only prunes the " weakness " that excellent maternal plant carries out a small amount of side shoot, the impact of growing maternal plant normal growth is very micro-, both the integrality of pilot forest and the systematicness of genetic test had been ensure that, to carry out the genetic test of longer-term, more scientific system to it, starting material can be kept again to carry out more massive breeding and to promote;
(4) the wet-land pine tree large tree needle-leaved bundle rooting rate that obtains of the inventive method is high, and there is higher reproduction coefficient: by 1 strain maternal plant process, 3 side shoots, every root side shoot retains 20 coppice shoots, every root coppice shoot can gather 40 qualified needle-leaved bundles, in rooting rate and planting percent 70%, 1000 strain clone nursery stocks can be produced year, can fast breeding promoting the use of fine strains;
(5) the inventive method effectively shortens breeding cycle, with to grow directly from seeds or compared with seed orchard conventional breeding programmes, the application can shorten the time of breeding cycle 1/2 ~ 1/3, maximum genetic gain can be obtained when selecting difference identical, and clone stands forest form is neat, be convenient to intensive farming and processing and utilization, effectively improve forest land utilization ratio and the output value;
(6) train with group, compared with the technology such as somatic cell generation, comparatively simply, cost is lower, is easy to apply aborning in the inventive method operation.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A water planting seedling-cultivating method for the large tree needle-leaved bundle of wet-land pine tree, described method comprises the steps:
(1) each 1 strain of fine individual plant in 2 choiceness 82-15,86-8 is selected at wet-land pine tree 8 years raw clonal test Lin Zhongxuans, listing mark, (2) before resin flowing at the beginning of 3 months, in every strain fine individual plant, 2 ~ 3 tree crown middle and lower part robust growth, the good side shoots of illumination condition are selected to prune: first by the blight wood amputation of other side shoot except primary lateral branches or the sturdy side shoot leading shoot of secondary from autumn growth upper one year, small and weak or undergrowth side shoot are then all amputated from raw base portion, then blocked at leading shoot spring upper one year life branch place, only retain 3 ~ 5cm long have the leading shoot base portion of needle-leaved bundle, ensure that this section grows stalwartness, observe disconnected branch top rudiment (3) 4 ~ Mays, small and weak or too much rudiment of erasing in time, to ensure that 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong rudiments have sufficient nutrition and growing space, promote that it is sturdy, grow into young sprout fast, (4) when coppice shoot grow into semi-lignified, its terminal bud carries out second time before not sprouting and prunes away top, retains length 3 ~ 5cm, small and weak or too much rudiment of erasing after rudiment, every retains 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong rudiment, (5) young sprout terminal bud of erasing interrupts fringe bar top elongation growth mid or late October, promotes that needle-leaved bundle nutrient reserve also maintains its youngization state, (6) maternal plant gathers the needle-leaved bundle on childrenization process coppice shoot mid or late December after stopping growing: select fringe bar first half robust growth, growth health, needle-leaved bundle without damage by disease and insect, needle-leaved bundle base portion is pinched with thumb and forefinger, needle-leaved bundle is taken off together with fringe bar epidermal area, needle-leaved bundle is avoided to scatter, arranged by base portion neat, degree of tightness appropriateness ties up bunchy, (7) select room ventilation to breathe freely, without the place of direct sunlight, be growth 5m with brick, wide 80cm, the husky bed of dark 20cm, select rinse well, the river sand of medium-coarse as matrix, described needle-leaved bundle is the KMnO of 0.5% in Sha Zangqian employing mass concentration
4after solution disinfection, water purification is drenched, and then needle-leaved bundle is uprightly put into wet sand, and length of embedment is 1/2 of needle-leaved bundle length, water once permeable after having buried immediately, and cover film moisturizing, keep indoor temperature to be 6 DEG C, keep husky bed moistening, husky for needle-leaved bundle bed is refrigerated 28 days, (8) select have a good transport service, illumination is sufficient, ventilated, close to water source flatly, build highly for 2.5m, the length of side be 15m, ceiling is the Simple double-layer plastic tunnel on arch or inclined-plane, and in warm canopy, heating, humidification, illuminator or facility are installed, to regulate and control warm canopy temp. and humidity and illumination condition, (9) be modulated into water planting frame with group training frame, water planting frame divides two-layer up and down, and bottom height is 50cm, be spaced apart 80cm between two-layer, select that light transmission is good, high-temp resisting high-humidity resisting, easily to clean, internal diameter is 8cm, interior height be the vial of 8cm as water planting bottle, the front mass concentration of water planting is the KMnO of 0.5%
4solution soaks 30min sterilization, and clear water rinses rear drying for standby well, (10) 75mg boric acid, 20mg Cobastab is taken respectively
1, 20mg ammonium nitrate is dissolved in 1L deionized water, be mixed with culture fluid after mixing, stand-by, the concentration of described culture fluid mesoboric acid is 75mg/L, Cobastab
1concentration be 20mg/L, the concentration of ammonium nitrate is 20mg/L, and the pH value of described culture fluid is 6.0 ~ 6.5, (11) water planting nursery was started February 10 ~ 12, first sand is hidden after needle-leaved bundle clear water is cleaned and drain away the water, select leaf look normal, base portion wraps up healthy and strong needle-leaved bundle that is loose or that slightly expand, the base portion that sharp blade vertically excises needle-leaved bundle is continued to use under needle-leaved bundle base portion needle attachment region, guarantee otch is smooth, again with 50% carbendazim, 500 times of immersion bubble needle-leaved bundle base portion 30min, needle-leaved bundle root soaking depth is 1 ~ 2cm, after sterilization, needle-leaved bundle base portion is managed, put into the 50mg/LNAA root element solution prepared in advance in batch to soak, soaking depth is from needle-leaved bundle root upwards 1 ~ 2cm, soak time is 14h, process rear taking-up needle-leaved bundle and with clear water, residual liquor cleaned up, (12) culture fluid prepared described in step (10) is added in the water planting bottle described in step (9), control liquid level is 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, insert in water planting bottle after again needle-leaved bundle being dismissed by bundle, every root needle-leaved bundle base portion is all immersed in culture fluid, 30 ~ 50 every bottle, put evenly, then the water planting bottle installing needle-leaved bundle and culture fluid is placed on water planting frame neatly, equably, do not contact with each other as degree with the blade tip of needle-leaved bundle, then water planting is placed in warm canopy, (13) carry out auxiliary heating with electric heater, controlling the indoor day temperature of warm canopy is 25 ~ 28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 15 ~ 18 DEG C, and humidity is 60 ~ 80%, in case of strong sunlight is selected to carry out appropriate shading between 11 ︰ 00 ~ 15 ︰ 00, use fluorescent lamp supplementary light night, supplementary light intensity is 2000lx, the supplementary light time is 18 ︰ ︰ 00 to next day 7 00, the degree of depth of culture fluid in water planting bottle is kept to be not less than 1cm in water planting process, if not enough, the culture fluid described in step (10) need be added in time, sprayed a foliage fertilizer every 7 days, described fertilizer, by the described culture fluid formulated of step (10), once cleans and changes culture fluid for every 7 ~ 10 days, fair weather indoor air temperature rise to or more than 35 DEG C time, open adjustable door and window in warm canopy in time aeration-cooling, and appropriate shading and spraying in addition, keep sanitation and hygiene in warm canopy, remove the source of infection in time, (14) needle-leaved bundle water planting starts to produce callus for about 15 days, within about 20 days, starts to form root shape projection, and when 30 days, rooting rate reaches 78.6%, and average every root needle-leaved bundle takes root 3.2, before and after clear and bright, transplant when root length reaches 1cm ~ 2cm: during transplanting, first on seedbed, excavate the dark ditch of 2cm ~ 3cm by the line-spacing of 18cm ~ 20cm, the pure thin river sand that 2cm is thick is spread in ditch, transplant first 1 ~ 2 day river sand of drenching, to note during transplanting taking root the moisturizing shading of seedling, on fine sand, an aperture is opened with scuppit or waddy, seedling of taking root puts into hole, ensure that root system is unfolded and combines closely with sandy soil, the depth of planting is that shoot root neck is a little less than native face, spacing in the rows 3cm ~ 5cm, water permeable after having planted immediately, root is long plants more than after brachymemma during 5cm, after transplanting, arch bamboo chip is put in seedbed, cover film thermal insulating moisturizing, (15) in 20 days after the transplanting of land for growing field crops, every day is vaporific waters 1 ~ 2 time, when damage caused by a drought is heavier, side is irrigated, keep the water surface lower than bed surface 3 ~ 5cm, in after the transfer 40 days, carry out weekly a foliar application, rain when bud is unearthed at every turn or loosen the soil in time after repeatedly watering, Seedling rhizosphere topsoil is kept to loosen, in order to avoid matrix hardens, impact seedling of taking root survives and germinates, remove and flowed or blow over and cover completely dark soil layer, righting lodges, crooked or needle is adhered to the nursery stock of bed surface, the needle-leaved bundle being transplanted to seedbed starts to grow new root for about 10 days, water root originally becomes brown by white transition, normal root system is transformed into gradually after lignification, within about (16) two months, needle-leaved bundle gets final product germinating to seedling, and planting percent reaches 74.3%, after bud is unearthed, carries out weeding, applies fertilizer, waters by field seedling raising method, the seedling management such as the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Embodiment 2
A water planting seedling-cultivating method for the large tree needle-leaved bundle of wet-land pine tree, described method comprises the steps:
(1) measured by the amount of growth of 9 years raw wet-land pine tree High yielding family trial woodss, select 3 superior families G354, G367, G73, select each 1 strain of fine individual plant respectively, listing mark, (2) before resin flowing by the end of February, every strain fine individual plant selects 2 ~ 3 tree crown middle and lower part robust growth, the good side shoots of illumination condition to prune, primary lateral branches and the sturdy side shoot leading shoot of secondary are blocked from spring the previous year raw branch, other side shoot is wiped out from the blight wood of autumn growth upper one year, wipe out the weak branch of disease branch simultaneously, only retain 3 ~ 5cm long have the leading shoot base portion of needle-leaved bundle, and ensure that this section grows stalwartness, to erase in time for (3) 4 ~ Mays small and weak or too much rudiment, ensure that 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong rudiments grow into young sprout fast, (4) when coppice shoot grow into semi-lignified, its terminal bud carries out second time before not sprouting and prunes away top, retains length 3 ~ 5cm, small and weak or too much rudiment of erasing after rudiment, every retains 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong rudiment, (5) mid or late October erases young sprout terminal bud, interrupts the top elongation growth of fringe bar, promotes that needle-leaved bundle nutrient reserve also maintains its youngization state, (6) maternal plant gathers the needle-leaved bundle processed through childrenization on coppice shoot mid or late December after stopping growing, select fringe bar first half robust growth, grow healthy, without the needle-leaved bundle of damage by disease and insect, needle-leaved bundle base portion is pinched with thumb and forefinger, needle-leaved bundle is taken off together with fringe bar epidermal area, needle-leaved bundle is avoided to scatter, arranged by base portion neat, degree of tightness appropriateness ties up bunchy, (7) select room ventilation to breathe freely, without the place of direct sunlight, be growth 6m with plank, wide 100cm, the husky bed of dark 30cm, select rinse well, the river sand of medium-coarse as matrix, described needle-leaved bundle is the KMnO of 0.5% in Sha Zangqian mass concentration
4after solution carries out disinfection, water purification is drenched, then needle-leaved bundle is uprightly put into wet sand, described needle-leaved bundle neatly buries in husky bed puts into several rows, and puts with connected burying bundled in a line, and it is 10cm that described needle-leaved bundle buries the line-spacing put, length of embedment is 1/2 of needle-leaved bundle length, water once permeable after having buried immediately, and cover film moisturizing, keep indoor temperature to be 8 DEG C, keep husky bed moistening, husky for needle-leaved bundle bed is refrigerated 25 days, (8) be modulated into water planting frame with group training frame, water planting frame divides two-layer up and down, and bottom height is 50cm, be spaced apart 100cm between two-layer, select that light transmission is good, high-temp resisting high-humidity resisting, easily to clean, internal diameter is 6cm, interior height be the vial of 8cm as water planting bottle, the front mass concentration of water planting is the KMnO of 0.2%
4solution soaks 30min sterilization, and clear water rinses rear drying for standby well, (9) 75mg boric acid, 20mg Cobastab is taken respectively
1, 20mg ammonium nitrate is dissolved in 1L deionized water, be mixed with culture fluid after mixing, stand-by, the concentration of described culture fluid mesoboric acid is 75mg/L, Cobastab
1concentration be 20mg/L, the concentration of ammonium nitrate is 20mg/L, and the pH value of described culture fluid is 6.0 ~ 6.5, (10) water planting nursery was started February 4 ~ 6, water planting room adopts glass greenhouse, first sand is hidden after needle-leaved bundle clear water is cleaned and drain away the water, select leaf look normal, base portion wraps up healthy and strong needle-leaved bundle that is loose or that slightly expand, the base portion that sharp blade vertically excises needle-leaved bundle is continued to use under needle-leaved bundle base portion needle attachment region, guarantee otch is smooth, again with 70% tpn, 800 times of immersion bubble needle-leaved bundle base portion 30min, needle-leaved bundle root soaking depth is 1 ~ 2cm, after sterilization, needle-leaved bundle base portion is managed, put into the 50mg/L911 root element solution prepared in advance in batch to soak, soaking depth is from needle-leaved bundle root 1 ~ 2cm upwards, soak time is 16h, process rear taking-up needle-leaved bundle and with clear water, residual liquor cleaned up, (11) culture fluid prepared described in step (9) is added in the water planting bottle described in step (8), control liquid level is 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, insert in water planting bottle after again needle-leaved bundle being dismissed by bundle, every root needle-leaved bundle base portion is all immersed in culture fluid, 30 ~ 50 every bottle, put evenly, do not contact with each other as degree with the blade tip of needle-leaved bundle, then water planting bottle is evenly placed in and is covered with on the water planting frame of silica-gel electrothermic plate, (12) by controlling the temperature of culture fluid with silica-gel electrothermic plate auxiliary heating, the temperature range controlling culture fluid is 18 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, humidity is by phytotron atomizer or sprayer unit programme-control, setting air relative moisture is 60 ~ 80%, use fluorescent lamp supplementary light night, in case of strong sunlight carries out appropriate shading at noon, in keeping in water planting process, the degree of depth of culture fluid is not less than 1cm, every day checks whether needle-leaved bundle base portion is immersed in culture fluid sooner or later, timely interpolation culture fluid, prevents dehydration, within every 7 ~ 10 days, once clean and change culture fluid, being taken out from container by needle-leaved bundle during replacing, clear water changes fresh medium after needle-leaved bundle base portion and vial being cleaned, (13) start to produce callus during water planting 12 days, start when 18 days to form root shape projection, when 30 days, rooting rate reaches 74.2%, average every root needle-leaved bundle takes root 2.8, at the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month, transplant when root length reaches 1 ~ 2cm: during transplanting, first on face, seedbed, excavate the dark ditch of 2cm ~ 3cm by the line-spacing of 18cm ~ 20cm, the pure thin river sand that 2cm is thick is spread in ditch, transplant first 1 ~ 2 day river sand of drenching, to note during transplanting taking root the moisturizing shading of seedling, on fine sand, an aperture is opened with scuppit or waddy, seedling of taking root puts into hole, ensure that root system is unfolded and combines closely with sandy soil, the depth of planting is that shoot root neck is a little less than native face, spacing in the rows is 3cm ~ 5cm, water permeable after having planted immediately, root is long plants more than after brachymemma during 5cm, after transplanting, arch bamboo chip is put in seedbed, covers film thermal insulating moisturizing, (14) strengthen management, the humidity of running check transplanting medium, watering can spray is used when watering, in order to avoid matrix hardens, impact seedling of taking root survives and germinates, film is removed after Survival rate of nursery stock, the needle-leaved bundle being transplanted to seedbed starts to grow new root for about 10 days, and water root originally becomes brown by white transition, is transformed into normal root system gradually after lignification, within about (15) two months, needle-leaved bundle gets final product germinating to seedling, and planting percent reaches 71.7%, after bud is unearthed, carries out weeding, applies fertilizer, waters by field seedling raising method, the seedling management such as the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Embodiment 3
A water planting seedling-cultivating method for the large tree needle-leaved bundle of wet-land pine tree, described method comprises the steps:
(1) originate in Provenance Test for Exotic Pinus elliottii Lin Zhongxuan in the 10 Nian Sheng U.S. and select 3 strain individual plants, (2) before resin flowing mid-February, in every strain fine individual plant, select 2 ~ 3 tree crown middle and lower part robust growth, the good side shoots of illumination condition to prune, primary lateral branches and the sturdy side shoot leading shoot of secondary are blocked from spring the previous year raw branch, other side shoot is wiped out from the blight wood of autumn growth upper one year, only retain 3 ~ 5cm long have the leading shoot base portion of needle-leaved bundle, wipe out the weak branch of disease branch simultaneously, to erase in time for (3) 4 ~ Mays small and weak or too much rudiment, ensure that 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong rudiments grow into young sprout fast, (4) when coppice shoot grow into semi-lignified, its terminal bud carries out second time before not sprouting and prunes away top, retains length 3 ~ 5cm, small and weak or too much rudiment of erasing after rudiment, every retains 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong rudiment, (5) mid or late October erases young sprout terminal bud, interrupts the top elongation growth of fringe bar, promotes that needle-leaved bundle nutrient reserve also maintains its youngization state, (6) maternal plant gathers the needle-leaved bundle processed through childrenization on coppice shoot mid or late December after stopping growing, select fringe bar first half robust growth, grow healthy, without the needle-leaved bundle of damage by disease and insect, needle-leaved bundle base portion is pinched with thumb and forefinger, needle-leaved bundle is taken off together with fringe bar epidermal area, needle-leaved bundle is avoided to scatter, arranged by base portion neat, degree of tightness appropriateness ties up bunchy, (7) select room ventilation to breathe freely, without the place of direct sunlight, be growth 8m with plank, wide 100cm, the husky bed of dark 25cm, select rinse well, the river sand of medium-coarse as matrix, described needle-leaved bundle is the KMnO of 0.2% in Sha Zangqian mass concentration
4after sterilization, water purification is drenched, then needle-leaved bundle is uprightly put into wet sand, described needle-leaved bundle neatly buries in husky bed puts into several rows, and puts with connected burying bundled in a line, and it is 8cm that described needle-leaved bundle buries the line-spacing put, length of embedment is 1/2 of needle-leaved bundle length, water once permeable after having buried immediately, and cover film moisturizing, keep indoor temperature to be 5 DEG C, keep husky bed moistening, husky for needle-leaved bundle bed is refrigerated 35 days, (8) be modulated into water planting frame with group training frame, water planting frame divides two-layer up and down, and bottom height is 50cm, be spaced apart 80cm between two-layer, select that light transmission is good, high-temp resisting high-humidity resisting, easily to clean, internal diameter is 8cm, interior height be the vial of 10cm as water planting bottle, the front mass concentration of water planting is the KMnO of 0.5%
4solution soaks 30min and carries out disinfection, and clear water rinses rear drying for standby well, (9) 75mg boric acid, 20mg Cobastab is taken
1, 20mg ammonium nitrate is dissolved in 1L deionized water, be mixed with culture fluid after mixing, stand-by, the concentration of described culture fluid mesoboric acid is 75mg/L, Cobastab
1concentration be 20mg/L, the concentration of ammonium nitrate is 20mg/L, and the pH value of described culture fluid is 6.0 ~ 6.5, (10) started water planting February 14, water planting room adopts glass greenhouse, first sand is hidden after needle-leaved bundle clear water is cleaned and drain away the water, select leaf look normal, base portion wraps up healthy and strong needle-leaved bundle that is loose or that slightly expand, the base portion that sharp blade vertically excises needle-leaved bundle is continued to use under needle-leaved bundle base portion needle attachment region, guarantee otch is smooth, again with 50% carbendazim, 500 times of immersion bubble needle-leaved bundle base portion 30min, needle-leaved bundle root soaking depth is 1 ~ 2cm, after sterilization, needle-leaved bundle base portion is managed, put into the 50mg/L911 root element solution prepared in advance in batch to soak, soaking depth is from needle-leaved bundle root 1 ~ 2cm upwards, soak time is 18h, process rear taking-up needle-leaved bundle and with clear water, residual liquor cleaned up, (11) culture fluid prepared described in step (9) is added in the water planting bottle described in step (8), control liquid level is 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, insert in water planting bottle after again needle-leaved bundle being dismissed by bundle, every root needle-leaved bundle base portion is all immersed in culture fluid, 30 ~ 50 every bottle, put evenly, do not contact with each other as degree with the blade tip of needle-leaved bundle, then water planting bottle is evenly placed in and is covered with on the water planting frame of silica-gel electrothermic plate, (12) by controlling the temperature of culture fluid with silica-gel electrothermic plate auxiliary heating, the temperature range controlling culture fluid is 18 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, humidity is by phytotron atomizer or sprayer unit programme-control, setting air relative moisture 60 ~ 80%, use fluorescent lamp supplementary light night, in case of strong sunlight carries out appropriate shading at noon, in keeping in water planting process, the degree of depth of culture fluid is 1 ~ 1.5cm, every day checks whether needle-leaved bundle base portion is immersed in culture fluid sooner or later, timely interpolation culture fluid, prevents dehydration, within every 7 ~ 10 days, once clean and change culture fluid, being taken out from container by needle-leaved bundle during replacing, clear water changes fresh medium after needle-leaved bundle base portion and vial being cleaned, (13) start to produce callus during water planting 13 days, start to take root when 20 days, when 30 days, rooting rate reaches 68.8%, April first arrival April 18, transplant when root length reaches 1 ~ 2cm: during transplanting, first on face, seedbed, excavate the dark ditch of 2cm ~ 3cm by the line-spacing of 18cm ~ 20cm, the pure thin river sand that 2cm is thick is spread in ditch, transplant first 1 ~ 2 day river sand of drenching, to note during transplanting taking root the moisturizing shading of seedling, on fine sand, an aperture is opened with scuppit or waddy, seedling of taking root puts into hole, ensure that root system is unfolded and combines closely with sandy soil, the depth of planting is that shoot root neck is a little less than native face, spacing in the rows 3cm ~ 5cm, water permeable after having planted immediately, root is long plants more than after brachymemma during 5cm, after transplanting, arch bamboo chip is put in seedbed, cover film thermal insulating moisturizing, (14) strengthen management, the humidity of running check transplanting medium, watering can spray is used when watering, in order to avoid matrix hardens, impact seedling of taking root survives and germinates, film is removed after Survival rate of nursery stock, the needle-leaved bundle being transplanted to seedbed starts to grow new root for about 10 days, and water root originally becomes brown by white transition, is transformed into normal root system gradually after lignification, within about (15) two months, needle-leaved bundle gets final product germinating to seedling, and planting percent reaches 85.7%.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a water planting seedling-cultivating method for the large tree needle-leaved bundle of wet-land pine tree, is characterized in that: described method comprises following steps:
(1) fine individual plant that growth selection amount is larger in the standing forest of life in 8 ~ 10 years, carries out tending management by fast-growing and high-yield plantation technical regulation, and conservative control density keeps sufficient tree crown growing space, by loosen the soil and the measure such as fertilising promotes forest robust growth;
(2) select 2 ~ 5 tree crown middle and lower parts stalwartnesses, the good primary lateral branches of illumination condition, before resin flowing in the early spring, pruning is carried out to it and urge to sprout;
To erase in time for (3) 4 ~ Mays small and weak or too much rudiment, make 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong rudiments grow into young sprout coppice shoot fast;
(4) when step (3) described coppice shoot grow into semi-lignified, its terminal bud carries out second time before not sprouting and prunes away top, retains length 3 ~ 5cm, small and weak or too much rudiment of erasing after rudiment, every retains 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong rudiment;
(5) mid or late October erases young sprout terminal bud, interrupts the top elongation growth of fringe bar, promotes that needle-leaved bundle nutrient reserve also maintains its youngization state;
(6) maternal plant gathers the needle-leaved bundle processed through childrenization on coppice shoot mid or late December after stopping growing;
(7) select room ventilation to breathe freely, without the place of direct sunlight, build husky bed, employing mass concentration is the KMnO of 0.2 ~ 0.5%
4the needle-leaved bundle collected described in step (6) carries out disinfection by solution, then drench with water purification, needle-leaved bundle is uprightly imbedded in sand, described needle-leaved bundle length of embedment is 1/2 of needle-leaved bundle length, water once permeable after having buried immediately, and cover film moisturizing, keep indoor temperature to be 5 ~ 8 DEG C, keep husky bed moistening, the husky Tibetan time is 25 ~ 35 days;
(8) be modulated into water planting frame with group training frame, water planting frame divides two-layer up and down, select that light transmission is good, high-temp resisting high-humidity resisting, easily cleaning vial as water planting bottle, drying for standby after rinsing well with clear water after described vial being carried out disinfection before water planting;
(9) a certain amount of boric acid, Cobastab is taken
1, ammonium nitrate is water-soluble, be mixed with culture fluid, stand-by, the concentration of described culture fluid mesoboric acid is 75mg/L, Cobastab
1concentration be 20mg/L, the concentration of ammonium nitrate is 20mg/L, and the pH value of described culture fluid is 6.0 ~ 6.5;
(10) generally water planting nursery is started in mid-February, first from husky bed, take out needle-leaved bundle and wash most fine sand, select the healthy and strong needle-leaved bundle that leaf look normal, base portion parcel is loose or slightly expand, base portion is excised with blade, make otch smooth, take out after adopting carbendazim solution or tpn solution to soak needle-leaved bundle base portion 30min, needle-leaved bundle base portion is managed, put into the root element solution prepared in advance, soak time is 12 ~ 16h, has processed rear taking-up needle-leaved bundle and has been cleaned up by residual liquor with clear water;
(11) culture fluid prepared described in step (9) is added in the water planting bottle described in step (8), control liquid level is 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, insert in bottle after again needle-leaved bundle being dismissed by bundle, every root needle-leaved bundle base portion is all immersed in culture fluid, 30 ~ 50 every bottle, put evenly, then the water planting bottle installing needle-leaved bundle and culture fluid is placed on water planting frame neatly, equably, then be placed in plastic, thermal-insulation canopy or glass greenhouse, do not contact with each other as degree with the blade tip of needle-leaved bundle;
(12) auxiliary heating is carried out with electric heater, the maximum temperature controlled in roof insulating or glass greenhouse is no more than 35 DEG C, minimum temperature is not less than 12 DEG C, controlling relative air humidity in roof insulating or glass greenhouse is 60 ~ 80%, in case of strong sunlight need carry out appropriate shading, use fluorescent lamp supplementary light night, in water planting process, keep the degree of depth of culture fluid in water planting bottle to be not less than 1cm, if not enough, the culture fluid described in step (9) need be added in time; Sprayed a foliage fertilizer every 7 days, described fertilizer, by the described culture fluid formulated of step (9), once cleans and changes culture fluid for every 7 ~ 10 days;
(13) water planting 30 ~ 40 days needle-leaved bundles are taken root, start when root length reaches 1 ~ 2cm to transplant: before transplanting, first on face, seedbed, excavate the dark ditch of 2 ~ 3cm by the line-spacing of 18 ~ 20cm, the pure thin river sand that 2cm is thick is spread in ditch, transplant first 1 ~ 2 day river sand of drenching, need carry out under moisturizing dark conditions during transplanting, on fine sand, an aperture is opened with scuppit or waddy, seedling of taking root puts into hole, root system is unfolded and combines closely with sandy soil, the depth of planting is that shoot root neck is a little less than native face, spacing in the rows is 3 ~ 5cm, water permeable after having planted immediately, root is long plants more than after brachymemma during 5cm, arch bamboo chip is put on surface, seedbed after transplanting, cover film thermal insulating moisturizing,
(14) strengthen management, the humidity of running check transplanting medium, removes film after Survival rate of nursery stock, and the needle-leaved bundle being transplanted to seedbed starts to grow new root for about 10 days, and water root originally becomes brown by white transition, is transformed into normal root system gradually after lignification;
About (15) two months needle-leaved bundle germinating to seedling, after bud is unearthed, carries out weeding by field seedling raising method, apply fertilizer, water, the seedling management such as the extermination of disease and insect pest.
2. according to claim 1ly remove from waste water and reclaim the method for heavy metal ion, it is characterized in that: described in step (2), trimming method is: primary lateral branches and the sturdy side shoot leading shoot of secondary were blocked from spring upper one year raw branch, other side shoot is wiped out from the blight wood of autumn growth upper one year, wipes out the weak branch of disease branch simultaneously.
3. the water planting seedling-cultivating method of the large tree needle-leaved bundle of a kind of wet-land pine tree according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the husky bed brick built described in step (7) or plank are made, described husky bedside 80 ~ 100cm, dark 20 ~ 30cm, described needle-leaved bundle neatly buries in husky bed puts into several rows, and put with connected burying bundled in a line, it is 8 ~ 10cm that described needle-leaved bundle buries the line-spacing put.
4. the water planting seedling-cultivating method of the large tree needle-leaved bundle of a kind of wet-land pine tree according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (8) described water planting frame bottom height is 50cm, 80 ~ 100cm is spaced apart between two-layer, described vial is cylindrical glass bottle, the internal diameter of described vial is 6 ~ 8cm, and interior height is 8 ~ 10cm.
5. the water planting seedling-cultivating method of the large tree needle-leaved bundle of a kind of wet-land pine tree according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described water planting frame is covered with silica-gel electrothermic plate.
6. the water planting seedling-cultivating method of the large tree needle-leaved bundle of a kind of wet-land pine tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that: needle-leaved bundle root described in step (10) is 1 ~ 2cm at carbendazim or the soaking depth in tpn solution middle age; The soaking depth of described needle-leaved bundle in root element solution is 1 ~ 2cm, what described carbendazim solution was selected is 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid, what described tpn solution was selected is 70% tpn, 800 times of liquid, NAA, IBA or the 911 root element solution of described root element solution to be concentration be 50mg/L.
7. the water planting seedling-cultivating method of the large tree needle-leaved bundle of a kind of wet-land pine tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that: controlling day temperature described in step (12) is 25 ~ 28 DEG C, and described nocturnal temperature is 15 ~ 18 DEG C.
8. the water planting seedling-cultivating method of the large tree needle-leaved bundle of a kind of wet-land pine tree according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: plastic, thermal-insulation canopy described in step (11) is selected having a good transport service, illumination is sufficient, ventilated, flatly building close to water source, the height of described roof insulating is 2 ~ 3m, the length of side is 10 ~ 25m, ceiling is the Simple double-layer plastic tunnel on arch or inclined-plane, is provided with heating, humidification, illuminator or facility in described roof insulating.
9. the water planting seedling-cultivating method of the large tree needle-leaved bundle of a kind of wet-land pine tree according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that: the shading time described in step (12) is between 11 ︰ 00 ~ 15 ︰ 00, open shading screen and carry out appropriate shading, the described supplementary light time at night is 18 ︰ ︰ 00 to next day 7 00, and employing intensity of illumination is the fluorescent lamp supplementary light of 2000lx.
10. the water planting seedling-cultivating method of the large tree needle-leaved bundle of a kind of wet-land pine tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that: keep medium depth to be 1.0 ~ 1.5cm described in step (12).
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Inventor after: Xu Yezhou Inventor after: Du Chaoqun Inventor after: Yang Daigui Inventor after: Chen Huachao Inventor after: Fan Banghai Inventor after: Xu Xiuhuan Inventor after: Lei Qinghu Inventor after: Fang Lidan Inventor before: Xu Yezhou Inventor before: Du Chaoqun Inventor before: Huang Guowei Inventor before: Chen Huachao Inventor before: Liu Xing |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |