CN104703487B - 被包封的苦味肽、包封苦味肽的方法以及包含被包封的苦味肽的营养组合物 - Google Patents
被包封的苦味肽、包封苦味肽的方法以及包含被包封的苦味肽的营养组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了被包封的苦味肽、包封苦味肽的方法以及包含包封的苦味肽的营养组合物。苦味肽可以被包封在疏水性基质中,例如有机凝胶、固体脂质纳米颗粒、脂质体或其组合。被包封的苦味肽为生物可利用的,可以选择性包封从而使得乳液稳定所需要的肽类不被包封,可以在进一步加工(例如热处理和均化)过程中维持包封状态。
Description
技术领域
概括地讲,本发明涉及被包封的苦味肽、包封苦味肽的方法以及包含被包封的苦味肽的营养组合物。更具体地讲,本公开涉及被包封在脂质基质中的苦味肽,所述基质例如有机凝胶、固体脂质纳米颗粒、脂质体或其组合。
背景技术
在市场中对于能够治疗与老龄化-和/或疾病-有关的状况并能够提供水解蛋白的营养组合物的需求日渐增长。蛋白水解物是商业上使用的专业营养产品,用于满足特定消费者的利益和/或需要,例如用于危重患者,还可以用于预防和处置过敏反应。多种此类专业营养产品包括通过酶的水解而预消化的蛋白质。但是,水解可能形成具有苦味的蛋白质疏水性碎片。参见,例如Leksrisompong,P.P.,“乳清蛋白水解物的味道特征(Characterization of flavor of whey protein hydrolysates),”J.Agric.FoodChem.,58(10):6318-6327(2010)。然而,肽类不仅有助于组合物的营养价值而且也有助于稳定组合物中的乳液。
由于蛋白质水解形成的蛋白质疏水性碎片,此类营养组合物具有水解蛋白的令人不悦的味道,使得组合物难以口服使用。当消费者由于该组合物的感官性较差而拒绝服用该营养组合物时,则无法达到需要的生物学结果。因此,提供既具有水解蛋白又具有可耐受的物理和感官性质并且不会影响乳液的稳定性以及损害肽的生物利用度的营养组合物的有益的。
发明内容
本公开提供了被包封的苦味肽、选择性包封苦味肽的方法以及包含被包封的苦味肽的营养组合物。在一个实施方案中,提供了营养组合物,其包含被包封在选自下列结构中的苦味肽:有机凝胶、脂质体、固体脂质纳米颗粒及其组合。
在一个实施方案中,所述结构为包含油和凝胶因子的有机凝胶,例如蒸馏的甘油一酯。
在一个实施方案中,所述结构为包含磷脂的脂质体,所述磷脂提取自大豆、蛋或奶中的至少一种。
在一个实施方案中,所述结构为固体脂质纳米颗粒。
在另一个实施方案中,提供了包封苦味肽的方法。该方法包括下列步骤:形成乳液,该乳液包括含有蛋白水解物的水相和含有至少一种油或融化的脂肪的油相;将获自蛋白水解物中的苦味肽选择性迁移到油相中的油滴中后,向上述乳液中加入凝胶因子形成有机凝胶,凝胶因子的加入使得苦味肽包封在有机凝胶中。
在一个实施方案中,蛋白水解物为乳品类蛋白水解物。在一个实施方案中,上述乳品类蛋白水解物为乳清蛋白水解物。在另一个实施方案中,蛋白水解物为植物类蛋白水解物,例如豌豆和/或大豆蛋白水解物。
在一个实施方案中,所述方法包括使得蛋白水解物形成溶液,该溶液在水相中包含蛋白水解物,苦味肽被选择性在线包封在有机凝胶中,从而在水解后直接在含有蛋白水解物的溶液中形成乳液。
在一个实施方案中,水解形成了无苦味的肽,至少一部分无苦味肽没有被包封在油相中。
在一个实施方案中,水相含有约5%至约50%重量比的蛋白水解物,优选约5%至约25%,例如约5%至约15%重量比的蛋白水解物。
在另一个实施方案中,提供了包封苦味肽的方法。该方法包括下列步骤:形成乳液,该乳液包括含有蛋白水解物的水相和含有融化的脂肪的油相,形成乳液的温度高于所述融化脂肪的熔点;将所述乳液冷却以形成固体脂质纳米颗粒,其中包封了源自蛋白水解物的苦味肽。
在一个实施方案中,所述方法包括使得蛋白水解形成包含蛋白水解物的溶液,苦味肽被在线包封在固体脂质纳米颗粒中,从而在水解后直接在含有蛋白水解物的溶液中形成乳液。
在另一个实施方案中,提供了包封苦味肽的方法。该方法包括下列步骤:将磷脂添加至蛋白水解物中;将蛋白水解物和磷脂均化形成脂质体,该脂质体选择性地包封源自蛋白水解物的苦味肽。
在一个实施方案中,所述均化于约50至约600bars进行,优选约50至约400bars,更优选约100至约300bars。
在一个实施方案中,所述方法包括至少一种蛋白质(优选蛋白质的混合物)的水解,形成包含蛋白水解物的溶液,所述苦味肽被在线包封在脂质体中,从而在水解后将磷脂直接添加至含有蛋白水解物的溶液中。
在另一个实施方案中,提供了被包封在选自下列结构中的苦味肽:有机凝胶、脂质体、固体脂质纳米颗粒及其组合。
在另一个实施方案中,提供了提供营养品的方法。该方法包括给予包含源自蛋白水解物的苦味肽的营养组合物,所述苦味肽被包封在选自下列的结构中:有机凝胶、脂质体、固体脂质纳米颗粒及其组合。
本公开的优点在于提供了被包封的苦味肽。
本公开的另一个优点在于提供了改良的营养组合物。
本公开的另一个优点在于提供了具有可接受的感官特性的营养组合物。
本公开的另一个优点在于通过包封肽而遮掩了味觉感受器对苦味肽的感官。
本公开的实施方案的另一个优点在于在线包封苦味肽,从而使得疏水作用能够在酶失活后直接在水相中包封苦味肽,或者是近线包封(near line)。
本公开的另一个优点在于选择性包封苦味肽,从而使得至少一部分有助于乳液稳定性的肽没有被包封。
本文描述了其它特征和优点,这些优点通过下面的详述和附图显而易见。
附图说明
图1显示了根据本公开实施方案的脂质体包封的苦味肽的显微镜图片,由尼罗红染色。
图2是显示根据本公开实施方案的脂质体包封的苦味肽的品尝结果的图。
图3是显示根据本公开实施方案的被包封的苦味肽的品尝结果的图。
图4显示了根据本公开实施方案的被包封在固体脂质纳米颗粒中的苦味肽。
详述
本申请中包含的所有剂量范围应当包括所述范围中所包含的所有的数据,整数或分数。
除非上下文中另有明确规定,本公开和随附权利要求中使用的单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“该”包括复数形式。因此,例如,当提及“一种多肽”时,其应当包括两种或多种多肽的混合物等。
本文中使用的“约”应当是指数值范围内的数字。另外,本文中所有数值范围应当包括该范围内的所有整数,全部或部分。
本公开涉及被包封在疏水性基质中的苦味肽。本文中使用的“苦味肽”是由蛋白质水解形成的任何疏水肽。在某些实施方案中,所述苦味肽包括能够与人苦味感受器(例如T2Rs)结合的肽。所述苦味肽可以通过膳食蛋白质的水解而形成。预水解的蛋白质通常更容易被胃肠道消化和吸收,减少了引发过敏反应的可能性。
可以使用任何适当的膳食蛋白质的水解物,例如:动物蛋白,如乳类蛋白、肉类蛋白和蛋类蛋白;或者植物蛋白,如大豆蛋白、小麦蛋白、大米蛋白、豌豆蛋白、玉米蛋白、油菜蛋白、燕麦蛋白、马铃薯蛋白、花生蛋白以及源自豆类、荞麦或扁豆的任何蛋白。在某些应用中,优选乳类蛋白(如酪蛋白和乳清蛋白)和大豆蛋白。如果所述蛋白是乳蛋白或乳蛋白分段,则该蛋白可以是,例如,甜乳清、酸乳清、α-乳白蛋白、β-乳白蛋白、牛血清白蛋白、酸性酪蛋白、酪蛋白酸盐、α-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白和/或γ-酪蛋白。当然,也可以使用来自不同蛋白质组合的水解产物。
蛋白水解物可以获自商业原料粉末,或者可以通过蛋白的水解产生,例如蛋白的酶水解。例如,根据一个实施方案,蛋白水解物可以通过在水中采用蛋白水解酶水解乳清蛋白而制备。用于制备食用蛋白水解物的方法和酶在本领域中是公知的。用于制备蛋白水解物的方法的示例描述于US5,039,532。
所述肽可以通过本领域中已知的和需要的蛋白的水解而制备。例如,蛋白水解物(例如乳清蛋白水解物)可以通过一或多个步骤中的蛋白的酶促水解而制备。在某些实施方案中,所述蛋白可以已经水解获得。
本申请人惊奇地发现,相对于源自蛋白水解物的未包封的苦味肽而言,包封苦味肽能够掩蔽苦味。尽管不希望受限于任何理论束缚,但是相信被包封的苦味肽能够减少包含其在内的组合物的令人不悦的味道,因为将其包封在内的疏水性基质能够阻断味觉感受器对苦味肽的味觉。
在某些实施方案中,至少一部分源自蛋白水解物的苦味肽可以被包封在有机凝胶中。有机凝胶实质上是一个稀释系统,其在稳定状态时具有非流动性,是一种非结晶、非玻璃态的固体物质。这些固体物质由包埋在三维网状物中的和/或与三维网状物物理结合的液体有机相(例如植物油)组成。例如,有机凝胶可以包括由强化学键(例如交联聚合物的键)或较弱的键(例如非共价作用)相互连接的大分子。这些系统可以建立在被称为凝胶因子(例如甘油一酯)的结构分子的自我装配基础上。固体成分的网状结构中的液体成分的固化被归因于固体成分和液体成分之间的界面张力。
为了制备有机凝胶,可以形成乳液。在某些实施方案中,所述乳液是在蛋白水解后直接在酶灭活后的水相中形成。乳液可以包含含有蛋白水解物的水相,也可以包含含有油和/或融化的脂肪的油相。例如,蛋白水解物(例如乳清蛋白水解物)可以分散在植物油中,例如葵花籽油。在一个实施方案中,水相可以包含约5%至约50%重量比的蛋白水解物,优选约5%至约25%(例如约5%至约15%)重量比的蛋白水解物。
所述苦味肽最初可以位于水相中,但是然后可以通过疏水性相互作用而迁移到油滴内部。例如,搅拌例如约30分钟可以有助于苦味肽迁移到油滴内部。乳液形成后,可以将凝胶因子分子(例如植物甾醇、磷脂、单甘油酯及其组合)加至乳液中以使得苦味肽被包埋其中的油滴凝胶化。适当的凝胶因子的示例包括低分子量凝胶因子(LMWGs),如磷脂、卵磷脂、单甘酯、两亲性肽、单硬脂酸山梨醇酯、单、二和/或三酰甘油(triacyglycerols)、脂肪酸、脂肪醇、蜡和/或植物甾醇。例如,可以将凝胶因子添加至乳液中以使得油滴凝胶化。在一个优选的实施方案中,有机凝胶可以仅采用食物级材料形成,不使用有机溶剂。在一个具体的实施方案中,凝胶因子可以是蒸馏的甘油一酯。
有机凝胶可以用于制备营养组合物。在某些实施方案中,所述油/或融化的脂肪是营养组合物中的标准成分,其中使用能够包封苦味肽的有机凝胶。例如,营养组合物的配方不需要变更以包括有机凝胶。在某些实施方案中,至少一部分不苦的和/或非疏水性的源自蛋白水解物的肽不被有机凝胶包封。在某些实施方案中,所述固体脂质纳米颗粒通过表面活性剂加以稳定。
在某些实施方案中,至少一部分源自蛋白水解物的苦味肽可以被包封在固体脂质纳米颗粒中。固体脂质纳米颗粒是可以溶解亲脂性分子(例如苦味肽)的固体脂质基质。所述脂质基质可以是通过乳化剂稳定的芯,所述乳化剂能够包围脂质基质芯并作为表面活性剂。
为了制备固体脂质纳米颗粒,油包水型乳液中的油可以被固体脂质或固体脂质的混合物替代。在一个实施方案中,获得的固体脂质纳米颗粒由分散在水性介质中的0.1-30%(w/w)的固体脂质组成。固体脂质纳米颗粒可以在水解后在酶失活后的水相中直接在线形成,或者在在其它工艺步骤(例如膜过滤和/或色谱技术)后在线形成。在某些实施方案中,固体脂质纳米颗粒可以通过表面活性剂稳定。固体脂质纳米颗粒的平均粒径可以是约40nm至约100微米。
例如,乳液可以采用包含含有蛋白水解物的水相和含有融化的脂肪的油相的溶液形成,形成温度高于脂肪的熔点。在一个实施方案中,所述水相含有约5%至约50%重量比的蛋白水解物,优选约5%至约25%(例如约5%至约15%)重量比的蛋白水解物。蛋白水解物中的苦味肽可以通过疏水性相互作用迁移到脂肪液滴内部。然后,可以将乳液冷却以形成苦味肽包埋其中的固体脂质纳米颗粒。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述固体脂质纳米颗粒可以仅使用食品级材料形成,不使用任何有机溶剂。
固体脂质纳米颗粒可以用于制备营养组合物。在某些实施方案中,固体脂质或固体脂质的混合物是营养组合物中的标准成分,其中使用能够包封苦味肽的固体脂质纳米颗粒。例如,营养组合物的配方不需要变更以包括固体脂质纳米颗粒。在某些实施方案中,至少一部分不苦的和/或非疏水性的源自蛋白水解物的肽不被固体脂质纳米颗粒包封。
在某些实施方案中,至少一部分源自蛋白水解物的苦味肽可以被包封在脂质体中。磷脂的特征在于同一分子上同时具有亲脂性尾端和亲水性头端。当与水相互作用时,磷脂能够自我装配并形成自我组织的胶体粒子。在脂质体的通用概念中,磷脂的亲水性头端朝向水区,而亲脂性尾端背离水朝向囊泡的中央,因此形成双分子层。从而,脂溶性化合物聚集在脂质双分子层中。
当脂质体形成时,苦味肽的疏水性使得苦味肽迁移到脂质体的脂质双分子层内部,疏水作用可以稳定苦味肽在脂质双分子层中的位置。因此,苦味肽可以被包封在脂质体中。
例如,脂质体包封的苦味肽可以通过将磷脂例如自大豆或奶中提取的磷脂加入含有蛋白水解物的水中而形成。在一个实施方案中,所述水含有约5%至约50%重量比的蛋白水解物,优选约5%至约25%(例如约5%至约15%)重量比的蛋白水解物。然后,可以直接进行均化,或者在其它工艺步骤之后进行均化,形成包封源自蛋白水解物的苦味肽的脂质体。例如,均化可以在约50-600bars进行,例如约100至约300bars。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述脂质体可以仅使用食品级材料形成,不使用任何有机溶剂。
所述脂质体可以用于制备营养组合物。在某些实施方案中,磷脂是营养组合物中的标准成分,其中使用能够包封苦味肽的脂质体。例如,营养组合物的配方不需要变更以包括脂质体。在某些实施方案中,至少一部分不苦的和/或非疏水性的肽不被脂质体包封。
本公开提供了营养组合物,其包含采用本文所公开的任何方法制备的被包封的苦味肽。本公开也提供了将苦味肽给予个体的方法,该方法包括给予个体包含被包封形式的苦味肽的营养组合物的步骤。本公开也提供了在需要的个体中治疗或预防疾病的方法,该方法包括给予所述个体包含有效量的被包封的苦味肽的营养组合物的步骤。
例如,在一个实施方案中,向人提供营养品的方法包括给予所述人包含源自蛋白水解物的苦味肽的营养配方。所述苦味肽被包封在选自下列的结构中:有机凝胶、脂质体、固体脂质纳米颗粒及其组合。
本发明的包封系统能够在消化过程中方便地释放被包封的肽,所以肽的苦味在服用/给予营养组合物时被掩盖,同时保持了水解物的生物学特性从而使得疏水性肽仍然是生物可利用的。
包含被包封的苦味肽的营养组合物可以是药物制剂、营养配方、膳食补充剂、功能食品、饮料及其组合。营养组合物可以长期施用(连续施用6周以上)和/或短期施用(连续施用少于6周)。
在一个实施方案中,所述营养组合物选自下列形式:片剂、胶囊、液体剂、咀嚼片、软凝胶剂、香囊剂、粉末剂、糖浆剂、液体混悬液、乳剂、溶液剂或其组合。在一个实施方案中,所述营养组合物为口服营养补充剂。
所述营养组合物也可以是完全营养的来源。完全营养提供了多种类和多水平的大量营养元素(蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物)和微量营养元素,其足够成为其施用的动物的唯一营养来源。患者可以通过此类完全营养成分接收其100%的营养需求。或者,所述营养组合物可以是不完全营养的来源。不完全营养不能提供足够成为其施用的动物的唯一营养来源的水平的大量营养元素(蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物)和微量营养元素。部分或不完全营养组合物可以用作营养补充剂。根据另一个实施方案,营养组合物可以是婴儿配方食品。
本文中使用的“营养产品”或“营养组合物”应当包括任何数量的任选的其它成分,包括传统食品添加剂(合成或天然的),例如一或多种酸化剂、添加的增稠剂、缓冲剂或用于pH调节的成分、螯合剂、着色剂、乳化剂、赋形剂、矫味剂、矿物质、渗透剂、可药用的载体、防腐剂、稳定剂、糖、甜味剂、调质剂(texturizer)和/或维生素。该任选的成分可以以任何适当的量添加。营养产品或组合物可以是完全营养的来源,或者可以是不完全营养的来源。
所述营养组合物可以包括任何数量的任选的其它成分,包括传统食品添加剂(合成或天然的),例如一或多种酸化剂、添加的增稠剂、缓冲剂或用于pH调节的成分、螯合剂、着色剂、乳化剂、赋形剂、矫味剂、渗透剂、可药用的载体、防腐剂、稳定剂、糖、甜味剂、调质剂和/或维生素。例如,所述营养组合物可以含有乳化剂和稳定剂,例如大豆卵磷脂、柠檬酸的单和二甘油酯等。任选的成分可以以任何适当的量添加。
本公开的营养组合物可以包含碳水化合物源。可以采用在营养组合物中常用的任何碳水化合物源,例如乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖糊精、淀粉及其混合物,其中优选的碳水化合物源为乳糖。在一个实施方案中,碳水化合物源占营养组合物总能量的35%-60%。
除了包封苦味肽的脂质之外,本公开的营养组合物也可以包含脂质源。脂质源可以是适合用于营养组合物中的任何脂质或脂肪。脂肪源包括但不限于高油酸葵花油和高油酸红花油。必需脂肪酸亚麻油酸和α-亚麻酸也可以作为含有大量预先形成的花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的少量的添加,例如鱼油或微生物油(microbial oils)。总体上,脂肪含量优选例如可以占营养组合物总能量的约10%至约10%。
在一个实施方案中,所述营养组合物还包括ω-3脂肪酸源和/或ω-6脂肪酸源。ω-3脂肪酸源可以选自鱼油、磷虾、含有ω-3脂肪酸的植物源、亚麻籽、核桃、藻类或其组合。ω-3脂肪酸可以选自α-亚麻酸(“ALA”)、二十二碳六烯酸(“DHA”)、二十碳五烯酸(“EPA”)或其组合。ω-6脂肪酸源可以选自植物油(如向日葵、红花、大豆、玉米、芝麻、棉籽、葡萄、棕榈、月见草(primerose)、紫草(borage)和核桃)、坚果(如核桃、杏仁和腰果)和种子(如亚麻、大麻、葵花子、芝麻、松子、黑加仑和南瓜)。
在一个实施方案中,所述营养组合物可以包含至少一种选自下列的核苷酸:脱氧核糖核酸(“DNA”)亚单位、核糖核酸(“RNA”)亚单位、DNA和RNA的聚合形式、酵母RNA或其组合。在一个实施方案中,所述至少一种核苷酸为外源性核苷酸。
在一个实施方案中,所述营养组合物还包括选自下列的植物营养素:黄酮、类同的酚类化合物(allied phenolic compounds)、多酚类化合物、萜类、生物碱类、含硫化合物或其组合。植物营养素可以选自类胡萝卜素,植物甾醇,槲皮素,姜黄素,柠檬苦素,或它们的组合。所述植物营养素可以选自类胡萝卜素、植物甾醇类、槲皮黄酮、姜黄素、柠檬苦素或其组合。
除了被包封的苦味肽和/或其余的水解物之外,所述营养组合物还可以包含蛋白源。可以使用任何适当的膳食蛋白,例如动物蛋白,如乳蛋白、肉蛋白和卵蛋白;或植物蛋白,如大豆蛋白、小麦蛋白、稻蛋白、豌豆蛋白、玉米蛋白、油菜籽蛋白、燕麦蛋白、马铃薯蛋白、花生蛋白以及衍生自豆类、荞麦或扁豆的任何蛋白。所述乳类蛋白可以是酪蛋白、酪蛋白酸盐、酪蛋白水解物、乳清、乳清水解物、乳清浓缩物、乳清分离物、乳蛋白浓缩物、乳蛋白分离物或其组合。乳蛋白(例如酪蛋白和乳清和/或大豆蛋白)可以优选用于某些应用。在一个实施方案中,蛋白源占营养组合物总能量的15%-35%。
所述营养组合物还可以包含益生菌。益生菌是食品级微生物(活的,包括半存活或衰弱的,和/或非复制型)、代谢物、微生物细胞制品或微生物细胞的成分,当以足够量施用时其能够对宿主的健康有益,更具体地讲,其通过改善肠道微生物平衡对宿主的健康发挥作用,可以对宿主产生有益地影响。参见Salminen S.等,“益生菌:如何界定?(Probiotics:how should they be defined?),”Trends Food Sci.Technol.,10,107-10(1999)。总之,可以相信,这些微生物能够抑制或影响肠道中病原性细菌的生长和/或代谢。益生菌也可激活宿主的免疫功能。
益生菌的非限定性示例包括气球菌属(Aerococcus)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、念珠菌属(Candida)、梭菌属(Clostridium)、酵母菌属(Debaromyces)、肠球菌属(Enterococcu)、梭杆菌(Fusobacterium)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)、蜜蜂球菌属(Melissococcus)、微球菌(Micrococcus)、毛霉属(Mucor)、酒球菌属(Oenococcus)、片球菌属(Pediococcus)、青霉菌属(Penicillium)、消化链球菌属(Peptostrepococcus)、毕赤酵母属(Pichia)、丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium)、假小链双歧杆菌(Pseudocatenulatum)、根霉属(Rhizopus)、酵母属(Saccharomyces)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)、球拟酵母属(Torulopsis)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)或其组合。
在一个实施方案中,所述营养组合物还包括选自下列的氨基酸:丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、羟脯氨酸、羟丝氨酸(hydroxyserine)、羟酪氨酸(hydroxytyrosine)、羟基赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、牛磺酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸或其组合。
在一个实施方案中,所述营养组合物还包括抗氧剂。抗氧剂的非限定性示例包括虾青素、类胡萝卜素、辅酶Q10(“CoQ10”)、黄酮类、谷胱甘肽、枸杞(枸杞子)、橙皮苷、乳枸杞(lactowolfberry)、木脂素、叶黄素、番茄红素、多酚、硒、维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、玉米黄素及其组合。
在一个实施方案中,所述营养组合物还包括选自下列的维生素:维生素A、维生素B1(硫胺素)、维生素B2(核黄素)、维生素B3(烟酸或烟酰胺)、维生素B5(泛酸)、维生素B6(吡哆醇、吡哆醛或吡哆胺或吡哆醇盐酸盐)、维生素B7(生物素)、维生素B9(叶酸)和维生素B12(各种钴胺素;维生素补充剂中常用的氰钴胺)、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、K1和K2(即MK-4、MK-7)、叶酸、生物素或其组合。
在一个实施方案中,所述营养组合物还包括选自下列的矿物质:硼、钙、铬、铜、碘、铁、镁、锰、钼、镍、磷、钾、硒、硅、锡、钒、锌或其组合。矿物质可以以盐形式添加。特定矿物质和其它维生素的存在和量取决于预期使用的人群。
在一个实施方案中,所述营养组合物包括支链脂肪酸,其在营养组合物中存在的量为约6.25mg至约12.5mg/100g的营养组合物,假设该营养组合物为1600克,则其是一个成人一天的一个完整食物供给。或者,所述营养组合物以每天约100mg至约1,500mg的支链脂肪酸的量提供。或者,所述营养组合物可以包含为总脂肪酸重量比约0.5%至约5%的支链脂肪酸。
在一个实施方案中,所述营养组合物也包含益生元。益生元是食物,其能够在肠道中选择性促进有益细菌的生长或抑制致病细菌的生长或粘膜粘附性。它们在胃和/或肠上部不被灭活,或可以在摄取它们的人的胃肠道中被吸收,但它们可以被胃肠微生物群和/或益生菌发酵。益生元可以例如如文献中所定义:Glenn Gibson等,“人类结肠菌群的膳食调节:益生元的概念介绍(Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota:Introducing the Concept of Prebiotics),”J.Nutr.,125:1401-1412(1995)。
益生元的非限定性示例包括阿拉伯胶、α-葡聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、β-葡聚糖、葡聚糖、低聚果糖、岩藻糖基乳糖(fucosyllactose)、半乳寡糖、半乳甘露聚糖、低聚龙胆糖、葡萄糖低聚糖、瓜尔胶、菊粉、低聚异麦芽糖、lactoneotetraose、乳蔗糖、乳果糖、果聚糖、麦芽糖糊精、乳低聚糖、部分水解的瓜尔豆胶、pecticoligosaccharides、抗性淀粉、回生淀粉、sialooligosaccharides、唾液乳糖、soyoligosaccharides、糖醇、木寡糖或它们的水解物或其组合。
在某些实施方案中,所述营养组合物可以是同时包含益生元和益生菌的合生元,它们共同起作用以改善肠道的微生物群落。
具体实施方案
通过举例而非限定,下列实施例阐明了本公开的实施方案。
实施例
下列实施例提供了科学数据,发展和支持了包封源自蛋白水解物的苦味肽的理念。
实施例1
脂质体制备如下:将1%的提取自大豆或鸡蛋的磷脂加至含有10%重量比的水解蛋白的水中,随后均化。采用获自Kerry Group的HyprolTM3315作为水解蛋白。试验详述于表1。
表1:试验中使用的卵磷脂
粒度分布分析证明形成了脂质体(参见表2)。于200bars均化的每个样品均生成了聚集体群,其粒度分布范围为200-300nm,具有脂质体形成的特征。
样品名称 | REF | Top. | Emul. | Met. | Epi. | Egg |
Z-平均(d.nm) | 288.8 | 276.6 | 328.9 | 284.2 | 283.1 | 293.9 |
PdI | 0.254 | 0.233 | 0.29 | 0.251 | 0.289 | 0.253 |
表2:粒度分布分析试验
如图1所示,采用尼罗红染色脂质的荧光显微镜检查也证明了聚集体的形成。
为了确保苦味肽通过疏水性相互作用迁移到脂质体的脂质双分子层中,进行了不同溶液的品味。如图2所示,样品的苦味由7个训练有素的小组成员进行分级,由最不苦(1级)到最苦(6级)。结果显示,与在水中仅含有10%的HyprolTM3315的对照相比,被包封在EggPC脂质体中的苦味肽的苦味降低的最多,被包封在提取自大豆的TopcithinTM中的苦味肽苦味降低排第二多。大多数试验的相对于对照的苦味降低说明,苦味肽的确已经迁移到脂质体中。
实施例2
为了保证苦味肽迁移到有机凝胶和固体脂质纳米颗粒的油相中,制备包含油或融化脂肪以及水相的乳液,水相中溶解了10%的HyprolTM3315。搅拌30分钟后,水相和油相通过倾析分离。然后萃取的水相由受训的人员品味。必须注意,萃取步骤仅用于评价,不应当用于营养组合物中使用的被包封的苦味肽的大多数实施方案中。
样品采用乳脂、可可脂或中链甘油三酯(MCT)和大豆卵磷脂的混合物制备。加入的每种油/脂肪的量为4%-10%重量比的HyprolTM3315溶液,然后萃取。13个受训的成员对样品进行分级,由最不苦(1级)到最苦(4级)。如图3所示,可可脂样品较对照苦味稍微减少,自乳脂和MCT/大豆卵磷脂提取的水解物与对照相比苦味显著减少。对结果进行Friedman检验(总体风险(global risk)为5%),结论是与对照相比,乳脂和MCT/大豆脂肪的感受到的苦味降低具有统计学显著意义。
实施例3
为了进一步测试苦味肽在固体脂质纳米颗粒中的包封情况,HyprolTM3315的脂肪包衣采用流化床包衣(Glatt,实验室规模)进行。获得的固体脂质纳米颗粒如图4所示。脂肪包衣完成后,10%HyprolTM3315的重构溶液不再有苦味了,这意味着疏水性苦味肽被包封在固体脂质纳米颗粒中,在水中没有释放出来。
实施例4
为了进一步测试苦味肽在有机凝胶中的包封情况,通过将HyprolTM3315分散在葵花油中然后加入甘油一酯凝胶因子(DimodanTM)形成有机凝胶。胶凝化后,10%HyprolTM3315的重构溶液的苦味显著降低,这意味着疏水性苦味肽被包封在有机凝胶中,在有机凝胶的水中没有释放出来。
应当理解,对本文中所述的提供的优选实施方案的各种改变和修改对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。此类改变和修改可以在不背离本主题的精神和范围下并且不减少其预期优点的情况下进行。因此,此类改变和修改应当包含在随附权利要求中。
Claims (6)
1.营养组合物,该营养组合物包含被包封在含有油或融化的脂肪和凝胶因子的有机凝胶中的苦味肽,所述凝胶因子选自下列:磷脂、单甘酯、两亲性肽、单硬脂酸山梨醇酯、单、二和/或三酰甘油、脂肪酸、脂肪醇、蜡和植物甾醇。
2.权利要求1的营养组合物,其中所述磷脂为卵磷脂。
3.包封苦味肽的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
形成乳液,该乳液包含含有蛋白水解物的水相和含有至少一种油或融化的脂肪的油相;和
将获自蛋白水解物中的苦味肽迁移到油相中的油滴中后,向上述乳液中加入凝胶因子形成有机凝胶,凝胶因子的加入使得苦味肽包封在有机凝胶中。
4.权利要求3的包封苦味肽的方法,该方法包括:将蛋白水解形成含有蛋白水解物的溶液,将苦味肽在线包封在有机凝胶中,从而在水解后直接在含有蛋白水解物的溶液中形成乳液。
5.权利要求3或4的方法,其中蛋白水解物为乳蛋白水解物。
6.将营养组合物提供给人的方法,该方法包括给予所述人权利要求1的营养组合物。
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PCT/EP2013/071708 WO2014063985A2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2013-10-17 | Encapsulated bitter peptides, methods of encapsulating bitter peptides, and nutritional compositions including encapsulated bitter peptides |
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JP2020184911A (ja) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-11-19 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | Hmb由来の異味抑制剤、hmb由来の異味抑制剤を含む飲食品、及びhmb由来の異味の抑制方法 |
CN113498864A (zh) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-10-15 | 内蒙古农业大学 | 一种驼乳多肽纳米颗粒口服液及其制备方法 |
CN114680332B (zh) * | 2022-03-11 | 2023-08-18 | 杭州佰倍优生物科技有限公司 | 一种运载苦味物质的油包水型高内相乳液及其制备方法 |
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BR112015009002A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
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BR112015009002B1 (pt) | 2020-02-27 |
AU2013336907A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
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DK2911530T3 (en) | 2017-03-20 |
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