CN104379185B - 用于植入式血液泵的银马达定子 - Google Patents
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Abstract
在本发明的一个实施方式中,植入式血液泵包括:限定了流动路径的壳体,设置在流动路径内的转子,以及包括设置在所述壳体外侧的定子的马达,该定子包括一定长度的银导线,其中,一旦血液泵准备好植入到需要泵的患者体内,银导线不设置在气密密封的隔间内。本发明还包括一种将植入式血液泵植入的方法,其包括将血液泵植入患者体内并植入在血管系统内或血管系统附近的步骤。
Description
背景技术
通常在心脏病的后期阶段或在心脏受创伤后,当心脏自身过弱或者其他而不能够产生足够的血压和血液循环以满足身体机能时,使用植入式血液泵。
各种血液泵已经用于增加或者替换受创伤或者患病的心脏泵送血液的功能的目的。通常在三种情况中使用血液泵:(1)在心肺手术期间用于紧急支持;(2)在等待心脏从手术复原期间用于短期支持;或(3)在等待心脏移植期间作为过渡以保持患者存活。泵可以设计成向右心室或者左心室中的至少一个提供辅助,尽管左心室辅助是最常见的应用,这是由于与右心室相比,左心室更经常病变或者受损。
植入式血液泵包括微型化泵,其能够经皮肤或者手术而被引入患者的血管系统内或者接近血管系统,以典型地提供左心室支持或者右心室支持,或甚至提供对整个心脏的支持。各种类型的血液泵包括径流式离心泵以及轴流式泵。这样的泵典型地例如使用磁力或者电磁力以给设置在流入或者流出心脏的血液流动路径中或者接近该流动路径的磁转子供能。围绕包含有流动路径的管状壳体的外侧设置至少一个电磁铁或者定子,而转子设置在壳体内部。
转子是电磁铁。定子典型地是导电线圈组。转子由具有流过线圈的交流电的电源来激励以产生旋转磁场。即,磁场指向为垂直于管状壳体的轴线,并且磁场的方向围绕壳体的轴线而旋转。随着磁场旋转,转子围绕其轴线转动因此促使血液在流动路径内液前进。现有技术领域已知,电源可被植入在患者的身体内的某处,或者可以在患者身体外面。
在美国专利7575423中公开的一个这样的泵是离心泵,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。美国专利7575423中的图3和图7在本文中重制为图1和图2,并且说明了包括壳体14的离心式植入式血液泵,壳体14限定了血液流经该装置的流动路径。该装置还包括具有金属线圈或绕组57的定子56。用在这种定子中的常见金属是铜线。围绕定子的是第二壳体12,该壳体形成包围定子的密封,并且一旦根据需要将泵植入患者的体内,第二壳体12会防止周围的体液接触定子。
虽然现有的植入式血液泵给需要泵的患者提供了许多好处,但是可以改进现有装置以给患者提供额外的好处,此外潜在地使得这些装置可用于甚至更广范围的需要泵的患者。
发明内容
在本发明的一个实施方式中,植入式血液泵包括:限定了流动路径的壳体,设置在流动路径内的转子,以及包括设置在所述壳体外侧的定子的马达,该定子包括一定长度的银导线,其中,一旦血液泵准备好植入到需要泵的患者体内,则银导线并不设置在气密密封的隔间内。
该血液泵的定子可与体液直接接触。该实施方式的血液泵可以是离心式径流血液泵、轴流式血液泵等。另外,银导线可大体上被绝缘层包围。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明还包括一种将植入式血液泵植入的方法,其包括将血液泵植入患者体内并且植入在血管系统内或者血管系统附近的步骤。另外,当植入血液泵时,银导线与体液接触。血液泵可以植入在心脏内、穿过心脏的壁、心脏的附近等。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明可以包括一种植入式血液泵,其包括:壳体,在所述壳体内安装有用以旋转的转子;包括设置在所述壳体的外侧上并且安装在所述壳体上的至少一个定子的马达;所述定子包括银导线线圈,其中,一旦所述血液泵准备好植入在需要泵的患者的体内,定子不设置在气密密封的隔间内。
另外,该至少一个定子可以包括两个定子。而且,该至少一个定子可包括三个或更多定子。
附图说明
图1和图2显示了现有技术中已知的植入式血液泵。
图3显示了本发明的植入式血液泵的一个实施方式。
图4显示了本发明的植入式血液泵的另一个实施方式。
具体实施方式
全文中所使用的用语“植入式血液泵”旨在大体指代可在血管系统中使用的血液泵,例如在心脏内,穿过心脏的壁、主动脉、各种动脉或静脉等,或者血管系统附近,例如心脏的壁附近或者在腹部内心脏或者其他血管系统附近。典型地,这样的血液泵被植入在心脏的左心室或者右心室中。植入式血液泵的一个这样的例子可以是能植入在需要泵的患者体内的心室辅助装置(VAD)或者其他泵。
如图3所示,在一个实施方式中,显示了为离心式径流血液泵的植入式血液泵,其包括包含定子56的马达,该定子56具有缠绕成线圈的一定长度的金属导线57。装置10还包括由其而限定了流动路径62的壳体14。转子17(如图1所示)设置在壳体14内。
但是,与图1和图2的现有技术的血液泵相反,本发明的装置并不包括壳体12。一旦准备好植入,图1和2的壳体12会产生密封,这会防止外部元素的侵入,例如防止体液进入壳体12的容积内,是的定子,包括导线线圈不与体液接触。在泵的整个寿命其间,这样的壳体12是必要以防止定子的铜导线和植入式血液泵周围的体液之间的接触。贯穿血液泵的整个寿命,防止体液进入壳体12并且与转子接触的密封在本文中称为气密密封。
在图3的实施方式中的血液泵10包括由银导线形成的金属导线57。使用银导线可消除对第二壳体(例如壳体12)和类似物的需求,并消除对围绕定子的密封隔间的需求。在效果上,定子56中使用银导线允许在将血液泵10植入需要泵的患者的体内时发生定子和周围的体液之间的接触。因此,一旦将泵10准备好植入,泵10中不在存密封例如气密密封,并且图3的实施方式也不需要该密封。
该实施方式的定子56的银导线57可以是如现有技术中已知的围绕杆件(未示出)或者其他材料而缠绕成线圈的一定长度的银导线,优选为连续长度的银导线。在该实施方式中,银导线是传统导线,即银的分开的丝。银导线57还可以包括绝缘层以当线圈形成时保持该一定长度的导线的相邻部分隔开,其可以保持合适的电流通过该一定长度的导线。但是,这样的绝缘层并不旨在防止定子的银导线和围绕植入式血液泵的体液之间的接触,并且特别地这样的绝缘层并不旨在在泵10的整个寿命中防止定子的银导线和体液之间的接触。
这种银导线57,而不是分开的丝,还可以具有类似于例如在电路板上的导体的结构。在一个实施例中,这种结构可以类似于印刷电路板,这是由于银材料的长度可以沿着非导电基板形成导电路径。该银导电路径可以线圈模式层压在非导电基板上等,并且作为定子56而设置在泵10内。因此,在本公开中使用的用语“导线”包括设置在绝缘基板上的导体。
图3显示了设置在壳体14上的单个定子56。但是,泵10可以具有多于一个的定子,并且因此可以具有两个定子、三个定子、或者多于三个定子。在具有三个定子56的泵10的实施方式中,这些定子可以围绕壳体14而周向设置,并且安装在壳体14的外表面上,而且每个定子的中心部分优选地可以设置成大体上彼此等距(例如,相对于泵10的中心纵轴彼此隔开约120度)。根据每个定子的尺寸,每个定子的一部分可以与相邻的两个或一个定子的一部分重叠。
虽然图3显示了离心式植入式血液泵10,但是银导线线圈可用于其他形式的血液泵的定子中,包括轴流式血液泵,例如公开为美国专利申请2011/0311383的美国专利申请13/163253中所公开的泵,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。图4显示了这样的植入式血液泵110。在这种实施方式中,泵110包括设在具有流动路径162的壳体150内的马达120,马达包括设置在壳体150外侧上并且安装在壳体150上的至少一个定子156,并且定子156包括围绕杆件或者类似基材(未示出)而缠绕的一定长度的导电银导线157。泵110包括至少一个定子156,如所示,泵110可以包括彼此大体等距的两个定子,一个在壳体的一侧上并且另一个在壳体的相对侧上(例如,相对于泵110的中心纵轴彼此隔开约180度)。根据每个定子的尺寸,每个定子的一部分可以与相邻的一个或者两个定子的一部分重叠。定子的这种等距设置可允许马达更高效和更顺畅地操作。
在一个替代性的设置中,泵110可以包括围绕壳体周向基本彼此等距(例如,相对于泵110的中心纵轴彼此间隔约120度)而设置的至少三个定子。根据每个定子的尺寸,每个定子的一部分可以与相邻的一个或者两个定子的一部分重叠。
如上所述,定子银导线线圈157设置在壳体150的外侧并且因此不在密封容积内(例如在第二外壳体内),并且因此当将装置110植入需要泵的患者体内时,银导线线圈157直接接触体液。再者,如上所述,该实施方式的银导线157可任选地包括绝缘层以当形成线圈时保持一定长度的导线的相邻部分隔开,这可以保持适当的电流通过该一定长度的导线。但是,这种绝缘层并不旨在防止定子的银导线与植入式血液泵周围的体液之间接触,并且特别地这种绝缘层并不旨在在泵10的整个寿命期间防止定子的银导线与体液之间接触。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明可以包括一种将植入式泵10、110植入的方法,其包括到达需要泵的患者的体内并且将血液泵10、110植入患者体内与血管系统连通。血液泵10、110可以植入在血管系统内,例如在心脏内、穿过心脏壁、在主动脉内、在各种动脉或静脉内等;或者血管系统附近,例如心脏的壁附近或者在腹部内心脏或者其他血管系统附近。一旦被植入,定子的银导线会接触体液。在血液泵本身未被植入在血管系统内的方法的设置中,该方法还可以包括从泵到血管系统而移植导管以产生用于血液在泵和血管系统之间经过的流动路径的步骤。典型地,血液泵110(图4)植入到血管系统内,然而血液泵10(图3)通常要么穿过心脏壁,要么血管系统的附近而植入。
在定子中使用银导线可以获得许多好处。例如,使用银导线可以消除对密封的需求,例如围绕定子而设置的气密密封。由于银是生物相容性金属,因此在体液和银导线之间的接触是可以接受的。而且,已经知道银并不向细菌或者其他生物体提供可以在其上生长的适当基材,因此使银导线与体液接触不会具有任何涉及解剖感染或者患者排斥装置10、110的风险。
与目前可获得的植入式血液泵相比,取消外壳体(和因此围绕定子的密封)可以因此而产生具有更小尺寸和更轻重量的装置。这种更小和更轻的泵可对周围解剖的侵害更小,并且因此这种泵可用于更多的患者,特别地例如,那些解剖结构不具有力量或能力来支持更大的血液泵的患者。
在定子中使用银导线的另一个潜在优势可能与银的导电性相关。与其他目前使用的金属例如铜相比,银是更好的导体,(银为6.3×107西门子/米而铜为5.96×107西门子/米)。因此,使用银而不是其他金属可以减小所植入的泵内的热量聚集,这是由于银的高导电性以及相反低电阻。
此外,银的高电导性和低电阻可以延长电池寿命。由于大多数植入式血液泵使用可充电电池组件来操作,因此使用装置10、110的患者可以得益于电池组件的充电之间的更长的时间,这可使患者的生活质量和独立性得以提高。
虽然这里参照特定的实施方式来描述了本发明,但是可以理解地是这些实施方式仅仅是本发明的原理和应用的说明。因此可以理解地是,可以对该说明性实施方式进行许多修改以及设计其他配置,而不脱离所附的权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (12)
1.一种植入式血液泵,包括限定了流动路径的壳体、设置在所述流动路径内的转子,以及包括设置在所述壳体外侧的定子的马达,所述定子包括一定长度的银导线,其中,一旦血液泵准备好植入到需要泵的患者体内时,银导线不设置在气密密封的隔间内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的血液泵,其特征在于,所述定子与体液直接接触。
3.根据权利要求1所述的血液泵,其特征在于,所述血液泵是离心式径流血液泵。
4.根据权利要求1所述的血液泵,其特征在于,所述血液泵是轴流式血液泵。
5.根据权利要求1所述的血液泵,其特征在于,所述银导线大体上被绝缘层包围。
6.一种植入式血液泵,包括:壳体,在所述壳体内安装有用以旋转的转子;包括设置在所述壳体的外侧上并且安装在所述壳体上的至少一个定子的马达;所述定子包括银导线线圈,其中,一旦所述血液泵准备好植入在需要泵的患者的体内,所述定子不设置在气密密封的隔间内。
7.根据权利要求6所述的血液泵,其特征在于,当植入所述血液泵时,所述定子与体液直接接触。
8.根据权利要求6所述的血液泵,其特征在于,所述血液泵是离心式径流血液泵。
9.根据权利要求6所述的血液泵,其特征在于,所述血液泵是轴流式血液泵。
10.根据权利要求6所述的血液泵,其特征在于,所述至少一个定子包括两个定子。
11.根据权利要求6所述的血液泵,其特征在于,所述至少一个定子包括三个或更多定子。
12.根据权利要求6所述的血液泵,其特征在于,所述银导线大体上被绝缘鞘包围。
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AU2013259287B2 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
KR20150008155A (ko) | 2015-01-21 |
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CN104379185A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
EP2846851A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
WO2013170179A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
IL235499A0 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
CA2872310A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
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