CN104096514B - A kind of isothermal fixed bed reactors that catalyst is loaded between heat exchanger tube - Google Patents
A kind of isothermal fixed bed reactors that catalyst is loaded between heat exchanger tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN104096514B CN104096514B CN201310122373.1A CN201310122373A CN104096514B CN 104096514 B CN104096514 B CN 104096514B CN 201310122373 A CN201310122373 A CN 201310122373A CN 104096514 B CN104096514 B CN 104096514B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of isothermal fixed bed reactors that catalyst is loaded between heat exchanger tube, including pressure-bearing shell, multiple heat exchanger tubes and catalyst in pressure-bearing shell；Space between the multiple heat exchanger tube be present and form catalyst fill area, and the space between gas feed, heat exchanger tube and gas vent formation gas passage.The isothermal fixed bed reactors, by Catalyst packing between heat exchanger tube, loaded catalyst is big；Heat exchanger tube can rapidly remove reaction heat, and whole bed basically reaches even temperature effect, and overtemperature, is not susceptible to side reaction.And the present invention can make reaction gas be in Axial and radial stream in bed, catalyst can be utilized to greatest extent, and the higher catalyst particle of activity can be used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of isothermal fixed bed reactors, more particularly to it is a kind of by catalyst be loaded between heat exchanger tube etc.
Warm fixed bed reactors, the isothermal fixed reactor can be axial-radial flow reactor, purely axial reactor or purely radial reactor.
Background technology
With the development of Chemical Manufacture, to adapt to different thermal transmission requirement and heat transfer type, there are a variety of fixed bed reactions
The structure type of device, wherein being reacted especially with utilizing gaseous reaction mass by the bed being made up of solid catalyst
Gas solid catalytic reactor be most widely used in Chemical Manufacture.
Fixed bed reactors are broadly divided into heat-insulating and the major class of heat exchange type two from reaction principle.
Heat-insulating fixed bed reactors are simple in construction, are widely used.But in practical operation, adiabatic reactor can not reach
To very high efficiency, mainly there is both sides to limit：1. the limitation of chemical balance；For exothermic reaction, temperature is higher, more
It is unfavorable for reaction to tend to balance, and reaction rate can then be reduced by reducing temperature；2. reaction temperature rising makes reaction bed temperature much
Beyond catalyst use range, the active component clinkering of catalyst surface can be caused, specific surface area significantly declines, under activity
Drop, side reaction aggravation, or even temperature runaway is caused, damage equipment；So for heat release type catalyst reaction device, to reach deeper anti-
Should, generally use multistage band heat exchange type thermal insulation bed process, flow is tediously long, and heat-exchange network is complicated, is pind down by full factory's energy balance,
Had a great influence for load fluctuation and the change of unstripped gas component, be unfavorable for device safe operation steady in a long-term.
Isothermal reactor removes reaction heat in time by heat exchange element, keeps the basic constant temperature of bed, and its major advantage is：①
Isothermal operation causes real reaction temperature curve close to maximum reaction rate curve, to greatly improve reaction rate, tend to reaction
Balance；2. isothermal reaction provides gentle running environment to catalyst, so as to extend the life-span of catalyst；3. followed using water
It is effective that ring byproduct steam, which takes away the mode of catalyst bed reaction heat by facts have proved for decades, have it is stronger can
Control property, reaction bed temperature can be effectively controlled by adjusting byproduct steam pressure；4. isothermal reaction has effectively prevented catalyst
The generation of bed overheating problem, while the side reaction that some reactions may occur is avoided, improve the security of device.With
The features such as larger-scale unit, Coal Gasification Technology diversification, the use of isothermal reactor, or isothermal reactor and adiabatic reactor
The requirement that can more adapt to some techniques is used in combination.
Isothermal reactor is divided into axial flow reactor and radial reactor again.In the prior art, conventional axial isothermal is anti-
It is shell and tube isothermal reactor to answer device form, and in heat exchanger tube, reaction gas flows Catalyst packing vertically in pipe, shell-side
Steam removes reaction heat and byproduct steam.Such as CN101249406A discloses a kind of heat insulation-cold stimulated-shell of pipe exterior cold combined gas
Solid phase fixed bed catalyst device, although meet reversible exothermic reaction move heat requirement, while can also by-product middle pressure steam,
It is, because the limitation of reactor diameter, to be subject to certain restrictions its production capacity.And radial reactor is then because catalyst fills
Carrying capacity is big, flow is short, decompression is small and turns into the preferred reactor type of reversible exothermic reaction industrial large-sizedization equipment.Such as
CN101254442A discloses a kind of pressurized catalysis method for exothermic reaction, and it is mainly centrifugal using from inside to outside
Radial Flow reactor, although loaded catalyst is big, the catalytic amount that Radial Flow reacting gas flows through is simultaneously little, if
Gas purification is bad, it is easier to causes catalyst inactivation.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, there is provided a kind of isothermal that catalyst is loaded between heat exchanger tube is fixed
Bed reactor, can effectively keep reaction bed temperature homogeneous constant, maximally utilise catalyst.
The invention provides a kind of isothermal fixed bed reactors that catalyst is loaded between heat exchanger tube, including pressure-bearing shell
Body, multiple heat exchanger tubes in pressure-bearing shell；
Gas feed, heat transferring medium outlet, gas vent, heat transferring medium import and catalysis are provided with the pressure-bearing shell
Agent discharge port；
The both ends of the heat exchanger tube are connected with heat transferring medium outlet and heat transferring medium import respectively；
Space between the multiple heat exchanger tube be present and form catalyst fill area, and between gas feed, heat exchanger tube
Space and gas vent form gas passage.
Preferably, the gas feed and gas vent are located at the both ends of pressure-bearing shell respectively.
Preferably, the heat transferring medium import and heat transferring medium outlet are located at the both ends of pressure-bearing shell respectively.
Preferably, heat transferring medium import and gas vent are located at same one end of pressure-bearing shell；The gas feed and heat exchange
Media outlet is located at the other end of pressure-bearing shell.
Preferably, the catalyst discharge port, heat transferring medium import and gas vent are located at same one end of pressure-bearing shell；Institute
State the other end of gas feed and heat transferring medium outlet positioned at pressure-bearing shell.
Wherein, the pressure-bearing shell includes upper cover, low head, cylinder；Upper cover is fixedly connected with one end of cylinder, under
End socket is fixedly connected with the other end of cylinder.
Preferably, the upper cover is provided with gas feed and heat transferring medium and exported, the low head be provided with gas vent,
Heat transferring medium import and catalyst discharge port.
Wherein, it can be welding etc. to be fixedly connected with mode.
Preferably, the isothermal fixed bed reactors also include catalyst inner cylinder；The catalyst inner cylinder enters close to gas
One end closing of mouth, the other end are connected with gas vent；The side wall of catalyst inner cylinder is provided with side opening；The heat exchanger tube is located at
Between the catalyst inner cylinder and pressure-bearing shell.
The catalyst inner cylinder can be straight tube, in use, reaction gas is axially into beds, through beds
Reacted gas is collected through catalyst inner cylinder, is finally discharged from gas vent.
Preferably, the isothermal fixed bed reactors also include catalyst outer barrel；The side wall and cylinder of the catalyst outer barrel
Gap is formed between the inwall of body；Close to the one end open of gas feed, the other end is connected catalyst outer barrel with pressure-bearing shell；
The side wall of catalyst outer barrel is provided with side opening；The catalyst outer barrel is described to change between catalyst inner cylinder and pressure-bearing shell
Heat pipe is between the catalyst outer barrel and catalyst inner cylinder.
Wherein, the side opening of catalyst inner cylinder and/or catalyst outer barrel should be kept according to specific technological requirement perforate, technical ability
And can meets gas circulation needs while catalyst.
Wherein, catalyst inner cylinder can set one, it can also be provided that multiple.
Preferably, it is provided with laminate layer part close to the side of gas feed in catalyst fill area.
Preferably, it is provided with support member in opposite side of the catalyst fill area away from gas feed.
Preferably, the support member is support inert ball；The laminate layer part is laminate layer inert ball.
Preferably, the both ends of the heat exchanger tube are collapsed respectively to form a pipe after, respectively with the heat transferring medium outlet and
Heat transferring medium import is connected.
Preferably, the both ends of the heat exchanger tube are collapsed respectively be fixedly connected with tube sheet after, formed one pipe, respectively with it is described
Heat transferring medium outlet is connected with heat transferring medium import.
It is further preferred that the both ends of the heat exchanger tube are collapsed after being fixedly connected with tube sheet respectively, by bobbin carriage respectively with
The heat transferring medium outlet is connected with heat transferring medium import.
Wherein, the quantity of the heat exchanger tube is according to depending on process requirements；Gap between adjacent two heat exchanger tubes is according to work
Depending on skill demand and catalyst particle size.
Preferably, heat exchanger tube is at least divided into two parts, after the both ends per a heat exchanger tube are collapsed to form a pipe respectively, point
It is not connected with heat transferring medium outlet and heat transferring medium import.
Preferably, after the both ends per a heat exchanger tube are collapsed be fixedly connected with tube sheet respectively, form a pipe, respectively with institute
Heat transferring medium outlet is stated with heat transferring medium import to be connected.
It is further preferred that the both ends per a heat exchanger tube are collapsed after being fixedly connected with tube sheet respectively, distinguished by bobbin carriage
It is connected with heat transferring medium outlet and heat transferring medium import.
Wherein, the quantity of the tube sheet should be next comprehensive according to the scale of equipment, heat exchanger tube quantity, and drum setting requirements etc.
Close and consider.
Wherein, the quantity of tube sheet be 2 multiple, at least 2, it is preferable that be at least 4, it is preferable that be at least 6,
It is more preferably at least 8.
Preferably, the catalyst inner cylinder is segmental structure, in order to overhaul or loading catalyst.
Preferably, two catalyst inner cylinders segmentation of adjacent connection is connected by fastener.The fastener includes moving fastening
Portion and attachment fastener portion.By the order away from gas feed, two neighboring catalyst inner cylinder is divided into upper segmentation with
Level segmentation, the moving fastening portion and attachment fastener portion are segmented positioned at upper segmentation and subordinate respectively, or the movable button
Part portion and attachment fastener portion are located on subordinate's segmentation and upper segmentation respectively.The moving fastening portion includes spiro union portion, kink
And supporting part, the spiro union portion and supporting part are respectively perpendicular to that the kink is fixed on its both ends and office is in its both sides, institute
State spiro union portion and be provided with the screw to match with the attachment fastener portion, by bolt, the spiro union portion is removably fixed to institute
State attachment fastener portion.
Preferably, attachment structure of the two catalyst inner cylinder subsection setups of adjacent connection into bumps docking.Such as by remote
From the order of gas feed, two neighboring catalyst inner cylinder is divided into upper segmentation and subordinate is segmented, upper segmentation is close
One end of subordinate's segmentation sets annular groove, subordinate's segmentation close to one end of upper segmentation provided with the annular groove pair with upper segmentation
The bulge loop connect；Or upper segmentation is close to one end that subordinate is segmented sets bulge loop, subordinate's segmentation is provided with close to one end of upper segmentation
The annular groove docked with the bulge loop of upper segmentation.Preferably, the subsection setup of two neighboring catalyst inner cylinder into latch and is inserted
The attachment structure of pin-and-hole docking.Such as by the order away from gas feed, two neighboring catalyst inner cylinder is divided into higher level
Segmentation and subordinate's segmentation, upper segmentation set pin hole, subordinate's segmentation close to one end of upper segmentation close to one end that subordinate is segmented
The latch docked provided with the pin hole with upper segmentation；Or upper segmentation sets latch, lower fraction close to one end that subordinate is segmented
Section is provided with the pin hole docked with the latch of upper segmentation close to one end of upper segmentation.
Preferably, catalyst is filled with catalyst fill area.
Preferably, the catalyst is preferably pellet type catalyst, in sheet catalyst and bulk catalyst etc. at least
It is a kind of.
Wherein, the heat exchanger tube can be arranged by modes such as triangle, square or circular concentrics.
Wherein, other necessary auxiliary mouths of pipe, such as thermocouple port are also provided with the pressure-bearing shell.
Wherein, the material of upper cover, low head and cylinder is chosen according to technological temperature, pressure, dielectric property etc. are comprehensive.Example
Such as, when isothermal fixed bed reactors of the present invention are applied to coal chemical industry sulfur resistant conversion process, upper cover, low head and cylinder
Inwall be lined with stainless steel lining.
The isothermal fixed bed reactors provided by the invention that catalyst is loaded between heat exchanger tube, by Catalyst packing in changing
Between heat pipe, loaded catalyst is big；Heat exchanger tube can rapidly remove reaction heat, and whole bed basically reaches even temperature effect, do not surpassed
Temperature, it is not susceptible to side reaction., can be to greatest extent using urging and the present invention can make reaction gas be in Axial and radial stream in bed
Agent, and the higher catalyst particle of activity can be used.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of isothermal fixed bed reactors described in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 Section A-A figure；
Fig. 3 is Fig. 1 section B-B figure；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of isothermal fixed bed reactors described in embodiment 2.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further described in conjunction with specific embodiments, to more fully understand this hair
It is bright.
Embodiment 1
Reference picture 1,2 and 3, a kind of isothermal fixed bed reactors that catalyst is loaded between heat exchanger tube, it is that Axial and radial is anti-
Answer device, including pressure-bearing shell, heat exchanger tube 1 and catalyst cylinder in pressure-bearing shell.
Pressure-bearing shell includes upper cover 2, low head 3, cylinder 4；The top of upper cover 2 and cylinder 4 is welded to connect, in upper envelope
Gas feed 21 and heat transferring medium outlet 22 are offered on first 2；The bottom of low head 3 and cylinder 4 is welded to connect, in low head 3
On offer gas vent 31, heat transferring medium import 32 and catalyst discharge port 33.
The two of heat exchanger tube 1 is collapsed and is respectively welded on tube sheet 5, is communicated respectively with upper tube box 61 and lower tube box 62, upper tube box
61 are connected with heat transferring medium outlet 22, and lower tube box 62 is connected with heat transferring medium import 32；
Catalyst cylinder includes catalyst outer barrel 7 and catalyst inner cylinder 8；The side wall of catalyst outer barrel 7 and the inwall of cylinder 4
Between formed annular space 71；The open-top of catalyst outer barrel 7, bottom are connected with pressure-bearing shell；The top of catalyst inner cylinder 8 is sealed
Close, be connected with gas vent 31；Needed according to technique to be provided with side opening in the side wall of catalyst outer barrel 7 and catalyst inner cylinder 8.
Between catalyst outer barrel 7 and catalyst inner cylinder 8, catalyst is filled between heat exchanger tube 1 heat exchanger tube 1.Urging
Support inert ball 91 is arranged below in the bottom of agent, and laminate layer inert ball 92 is provided with the top of catalyst, i.e. catalyst is filled out
Fill in the space that support inert ball 91, catalyst outer barrel 7, catalyst inner cylinder 8 and laminate layer inert ball 92 surround.
Wherein, appoint after catalyst filling, between catalyst and space be present, the space between gas feed, catalyst is gentle
Body exports to form gas passage.
In use, reaction gas enters in pressure-bearing shell from gas feed, along the inwall shape of catalyst outer barrel and pressure-bearing shell
Into annular space radially into beds, while partial reaction gas is by laminate layer inert ball, from the top axle of catalyst outer barrel
To into beds, after catalyst bed reaction, gas is collected through catalyst inner cylinder, is finally discharged from gas vent.
Wherein, beds are used by catalyst outer barrel, catalyst inner cylinder, heat exchanger tube, the catalyst being loaded between heat exchanger tube and support
Inert ball and laminate layer inert ball etc. form, and are the core of whole reactor.Boiler feedwater is then by heat transferring medium import through lower tube box
Into in heat exchanger tube, converted after absorbing reaction heat to saturated vapor, the upper tube box through top exports row from the heat transferring medium at top
Go out.
Embodiment 2
Reference picture 4, a kind of isothermal fixed bed reactors that catalyst is loaded between heat exchanger tube, are axial flow reactor, bag
Include pressure-bearing shell, heat exchanger tube 1 and catalyst cylinder in pressure-bearing shell.
Pressure-bearing shell includes upper cover 2, low head 3, cylinder 4；The top of upper cover 2 and cylinder 4 is welded to connect, in upper envelope
Gas feed 21 and heat transferring medium outlet 22 are offered on first 2；The bottom of low head 3 and cylinder 4 is welded to connect, in low head 3
On offer gas vent 31, heat transferring medium import 32 and catalyst discharge port 33.
The two of heat exchanger tube 1 is collapsed and is respectively welded on tube sheet 5, is communicated respectively with upper tube box 61 and lower tube box 62, upper tube box
61 are connected with heat transferring medium outlet 22, and lower tube box 62 is connected with heat transferring medium import 32.
Catalyst cylinder includes catalyst inner cylinder 8, wherein, pressure-bearing shell is directly constituted outside the catalyst of catalyst cylinder
Cylinder；The top seal of catalyst inner cylinder 8, is connected with gas vent 31；Need to be provided with according to technique in the side wall of catalyst inner cylinder 8
Side opening.
Between pressure-bearing shell and catalyst inner cylinder 8, catalyst is filled between heat exchanger tube 1 heat exchanger tube 1.In catalyst
Bottom support inert ball 91 is arranged below, laminate layer inert ball 92 is provided with the top of catalyst, i.e. catalyst is filled in
In the space that support inert ball 91, pressure-bearing shell, catalyst inner cylinder 8 and laminate layer inert ball 92 surround.
Wherein, appoint after catalyst filling, between catalyst and space be present, the space between gas feed, catalyst is gentle
Body exports to form gas passage.
In use, reaction gas enters in pressure-bearing shell from gas feed, by laminate layer inert ball, axially into catalyst bed
Layer, the gas after catalyst bed reaction are collected through catalyst inner cylinder, finally discharged from gas vent.Wherein, catalyst bed
Layer is by pressure-bearing shell, catalyst inner cylinder, heat exchanger tube, the catalyst being loaded between heat exchanger tube and support inert ball and top laminate layer
Inert ball etc. forms, and is the core of whole reactor.Boiler feedwater is then entered in heat exchanger tube by heat transferring medium import through lower tube box,
Converted after absorbing reaction heat to saturated vapor, the upper tube box through top exports discharge from the heat transferring medium at top.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above, but it is intended only as example, it is of the invention and unlimited
It is formed on particular embodiments described above.To those skilled in the art, it is any to the equivalent modifications that carry out of the present invention and
Substitute also all among scope of the invention.Therefore, the impartial conversion made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and
Modification, all should be contained within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of isothermal fixed bed reactors that catalyst is loaded between heat exchanger tube, it is characterised in that including pressure-bearing shell, peace
Multiple heat exchanger tubes in pressure-bearing shell；
Unloaded on the pressure-bearing shell provided with gas feed, heat transferring medium outlet, gas vent, heat transferring medium import and catalyst
Material mouth；
The both ends of the heat exchanger tube are connected with heat transferring medium outlet and heat transferring medium import respectively；
Space between the multiple heat exchanger tube be present and form catalyst fill area, and the space between gas feed, heat exchanger tube
And gas vent forms gas passage；
Wherein, the heat exchanger tube is arranged by triangle manner；
The both ends of the heat exchanger tube are collapsed respectively be fixedly connected with tube sheet after, formed one pipe, go out respectively with the heat transferring medium
Mouth is connected with heat transferring medium import；
Also include catalyst inner cylinder；The catalyst inner cylinder is closed close to one end of gas feed, the other end and gas vent phase
Connection；The side wall of catalyst inner cylinder is provided with side opening；The heat exchanger tube is between the catalyst inner cylinder and pressure-bearing shell；
The catalyst inner cylinder is segmental structure, and adjacent two catalyst inner cylinders are by snapping connection or being arranged to concavo-convex docking
Attachment structure；
Also include catalyst outer barrel；Gap is formed between the side wall of the catalyst outer barrel and the inwall of cylinder；Catalyst outer barrel
Close to the one end open of gas feed, the other end is connected with pressure-bearing shell；The side wall of catalyst outer barrel is provided with side opening；It is described
Between catalyst inner cylinder and pressure-bearing shell, the heat exchanger tube is located in the catalyst outer barrel and catalyst catalyst outer barrel
Between cylinder；
The heat transferring medium import and gas vent are located at same one end of pressure-bearing shell；The gas feed and heat transferring medium outlet
Positioned at the other end of pressure-bearing shell；
Laminate layer part is provided with close to the side of the gas feed in the catalyst fill area, opposite side is provided with support member；
The laminate layer part is laminate layer inert ball；The support member is support inert ball；
In use, reaction gas enters in pressure-bearing shell from gas feed, formed along the inwall of catalyst outer barrel and pressure-bearing shell
Annular space is radially into beds, while partial reaction gas is axially entered by laminate layer inert ball from the top of catalyst outer barrel
Enter beds.
2. isothermal fixed bed reactors according to claim 1, it is characterised in that collapse respectively at the both ends of the heat exchanger tube
After being fixedly connected with tube sheet, it is connected respectively with heat transferring medium outlet and heat transferring medium import by bobbin carriage.
3. isothermal fixed bed reactors according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be filled with and urge in catalyst fill area
Agent.
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| CN104689767B (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-08-17 | 南通华兴石油仪器有限公司 | A kind of catalytic reaction cell |
| CN105797650A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-07-27 | 华烁科技股份有限公司 | Fixed-bed catalytic temperature-control reactor with headers |
| CN105833802B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-01-08 | 成都赛普瑞兴科技有限公司 | Steam ascending manner catalytic bed reactor |
| CN105833804B (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2018-12-28 | 成都赛普瑞兴科技有限公司 | Steam ascending manner radial flow reactors |
| CN108421505B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2024-04-12 | 中石化宁波工程有限公司 | Radial-axial combined reactor suitable for strong exothermic reaction |
| CN108993370B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2021-01-12 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Spiral coil isothermal reactor and use method thereof |
| CN112023835A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-04 | 江苏永大化工机械有限公司 | Multi-pass radial reactor |
| CN115414872B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2023-11-03 | 安徽润衍科技有限公司 | Tubular isothermal reactor and method for producing 1,2-pentanediol from 1, 2-epoxypentane |
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