CN104026413A - Special slow sinking type feed for bighead and preparation process of feed - Google Patents
Special slow sinking type feed for bighead and preparation process of feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN104026413A CN104026413A CN201410291500.5A CN201410291500A CN104026413A CN 104026413 A CN104026413 A CN 104026413A CN 201410291500 A CN201410291500 A CN 201410291500A CN 104026413 A CN104026413 A CN 104026413A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of the aquaculture feed and discloses a special slow sinking type feed for bighead. The slow sinking type feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 25-35% of wheat flour, 0.5-9% of soya bean meal, 0-38% of casein, 8-10% of cottonseed meal, 8-12% of white fish meal, 1-2% of mineral premix, 1-3% of vitamin premix, 3-9% of soybean oil, 0.1-0.5% of choline chloride, 0.1-0.5% of salt, 2-3% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.2% of VC-lipid and 0.1-27% of cellulose powder. By researching the life habits of the bighead and the requirement amount of nutrient substances such as protein in the growth process, the slow sinking type feed applicable to bighead is researched; the slow sinking type feed is capable of promoting the growth of the bighead, facilitating the deposition of the ribosomal protein and facilitating the secretion of digestive enzymes in the enteric canal; after the slow sinking type feed is popularized, the slow sinking type feed has great social significance and economic significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture feedstuff, relate in particular to the special-purpose slow heavy forage of a kind of bighead and preparation technology thereof.
Background technology
Bighead (
aristichthys nobles) on taxology, be under the jurisdiction of Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes, silver carp subfamily.Bighead is a kind of of output maximum in China four large Chinese carps, has another name called variegated carp, black silver carp, big head, packet header fish.Health is flat-sided higher.Head is large and wide, and head is about as 1/3 of body length.Squama is thin and close.The body back side is furvous, well-regulated little blackspot.Body side surface is dark brown, greyish white with black or yellow piebald belly.Each fin is light gray.There is cutin abdomen rib.Pectoral fin is longer, and its trailing edge surpasses abdomeinal fin base portion.Abdomeinal fin does not reach in anal fin.Tail fin fork-shaped.
The NATURAL DISTRIBUTION of bighead is very wide, and north is to southern Haihe Plain, and south, to Zhujiang River Plain, is distributed in the Plains such as the Yellow River, the Changjiang river, the Qiantang River therebetween.Along with the development of China's fish production, the progress of artificial propagation techniques, the rapid raising of artificial culture technology, makes the cultivation of bighead spread all over all parts of the country, becomes one of main economic freshwater fish of China, is also introduced a fine variety more than 70 country.Bighead natural disposition is docile, is slow in action, and institute is so that manage, fish for and transportation of live fish.They like inhabiting the middle level of water, but unlike silver carp, approach the water surface. and bighead has the advantages such as food chain is short, growth is fast, disease is few, is applicable to large-scale farming, is the pillar kind in aquaculture field.Bighead can be used as medicine, and has warm stomach, dispel effects, particularly bighead fish head such as dizzy, a beneficial brains, qi-restoratives labor, is rich in unrighted acid, is top grade in fish fish head.
Bighead and silver carp, with regard to the structure of its organ of ingesting, are typical filter-feeding fishes, and they have distinctive Filtering apparatus.Filtering apparatus is comprised of gill arc bone, palate pleat, gill raker and suprabranchial organ (gill raker pipe).Bighead gill raker is rarer, take zooplankter as main foodstuff.When silver carp, flathead leaching food, the activity that two row gill rakers on each gill arc are blurted out is constantly opened and closes up, and with the current of food, when gill raker, pleurapophysis and the gill raker net, water and less object pass through smoothly from rake gap, from gill opening, discharge; Can not just by filter, be amassed in gill raker ditch by the planktonic organism, organic debris etc. in rake gap, under the effect that current constantly impact and palate pleat fluctuates, rearward move.To at the bottom of nearly throat time, gill raker tube wall contraction of muscle extrudes current food round-up is entered to posterior pharyngeal wall together from pipe.
Silver carp, flathead are to chrysophyceae, dinoflagellate, hidden algae and diatom eupepsia, and every animals and plants (as the ovum of blue-green algae, green alga, Euglena, zooplankter) with the chitin mass shell of thick cellulosic cell membrane, colloid and tight sealing be all can not be digested kind because silver carp, flathead lack and decompose fiber, colloid and chitinous enzyme.
Intestines show containing thing analysis, silver carp, flathead ingest chip, algae and zooplankter.On the one hand chip is the important source of nutrition of silver carp, and on the other hand, the tool nutritive value of zooplankter, because consider high-biomass (with respect to the phytoplankton in water body), high protein and the property easy to digest of zooplankter.
Mainly with the planktonic organism in fertilising cultivation water, carry out for a long time the breeding production of bighead.Because the life cycle of phytoplankton is shorter than zooplankter, and growth rate is faster than zooplankter, therefore generally, in pond waters, the biomass of phytoplankton is larger than the biomass of zooplankter, the chance that silver carp obtains food by Filtering apparatus is far longer than bighead, and Here it is causes bighead total output lower than the core reasons of silver carp total output.Therefore the food abundance that increases bighead is to improve the major measure of the total output of bighead, and except the zooplankter in water is cultivated in fertilising, it is the following inexorable trend that increases fast this fish crop that the powdery compound feed of manually throwing something and feeding is raised bighead.
At present, the mixed feed that has some Feedstuff Enterprises to attempt manually throwing something and feeding to pulverize is raised bighead, but throw in the research of the aspects such as physical and chemical properties change after water body owing to lacking ingest mash feed feature, mash feed of bighead nutritional need, bighead targetedly, cause these to attempt obtained effect more limited, and because existing mash feed is difficult to effectively be absorbed by bighead after entering water, caused the severe contamination of feed waste and water body.Therefore the slow heavy property mixed feed of bighead powdery that, research, development are are manually thrown something and fed is the inexorable trend of following bighead cultivation development.
Feed is residing state in water, mainly contains and swims in the water surface, suspends in water and sink under water three kinds.Various aquatic livestocks, due to the difference of life habit and feeding habits, require also different to the sink-float of feed.Specifically classify in Table 1.
Density (the kg/m of table 1 aquatic feeds in sea, fresh water
3, 20 ℃)
| Sink-float property | Seawater (salinity 3%) | Fresh water |
| Fast heavy forage | ＞640 | ＞600 |
| Slow heavy forage | 580~600 | 540~560 |
| Suspension feed | 520~540 | 480~500 |
| Floating feed | ＜480 | ＜440 |
The fish that grazing speed is slower, as cod, salmon etc., adopt slow heavy forage during cultivation.The slow heavy forage subsidence velocity of producing by extruding-puffing technique is slow, can in water, keep certain hour, guarantee that cultured fishes have enough ingest times, be particularly suitable for living in the fish of lower floor in water body, can also reduce the drawbacks such as easy the to be molten mistake that heavy forage exists is defeated and dispersed, easy polluted-water.
Albumen floating aquatic feed is mainly used in the cultivation of Tilapia mossambica, carp and grass carp.Although buoyancy feed has lot of advantages,, for living in the cultured fishes of middle lower floor water body, be unfavorable for that it ingests.Therefore, the slow heavy forage of producing by extruding-puffing technique, the bighead that is applicable to live in lower floor in water body.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the excessive fertilization existing in prior art, cause body eutrophication, easily cause water pollution, the growth period of fish is slow, and cause the problems such as a large amount of wastes of fish meal, the invention provides the special-purpose slow heavy forage preparation technology of a kind of bighead, use bighead feed of the present invention, smashing fineness is good, subsidence velocity is slow, bighead is high to the utilization rate of feed, the deposition that is conducive to fish body protein, promote the secretion of enteron aisle digestive ferment, fast growth, the bighead build of supporting, mouthfeel, the bighead indifference of body colour and natural water body, meat is fine and smooth, best in quality, can effectively improve the economic benefit of cultivation, reduce to greatest extent the pollution to water environment simultaneously, meet the requirement of environmental health cultivation and environmental protection.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
The raw material weight proportioning of the special-purpose slow heavy forage of bighead of the present invention is composed as follows: wheat flour 25-35%, dregs of beans 0.5-9%, casein 0-38%, cotton dregs 8-10%, white fish meal 8-12%, mineral substance premix 1-2%, vitamin premix 1-3%, soybean oil 3-9%, Choline Chloride 0.1-0.5%, salt 0.1-0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3%, VC-fat 0.05-0.2%, cellulose powder 0.1-27%.
As one of preferred technical scheme: the raw material weight proportioning of the described special-purpose slow heavy forage of bighead is composed as follows: wheat flour 31%, dregs of beans 8.55%, casein 0%, cotton dregs 9%, white fish meal 10%, mineral substance premix 1.5%, vitamin premix 2%, soybean oil 7.97%, Choline Chloride 0.3%, salt 0.25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, VC-fat 0.1%, cellulose powder 26.83%.
As one of preferred technical scheme: the raw material weight proportioning of the described special-purpose slow heavy forage of bighead is composed as follows: wheat flour 31%, dregs of beans 8.55%, casein 19.96%, cotton dregs 9%, white fish meal 10%, mineral substance premix 1.5%, vitamin premix 2%, soybean oil 7.93%, Choline Chloride 0.3%, salt 0.25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, VC-fat 0.1%, cellulose powder 6.91%.
As one of preferred technical scheme: the raw material weight proportioning of the described special-purpose slow heavy forage of bighead is composed as follows: wheat flour 31%, dregs of beans 0.86%, casein 37.79%, cotton dregs 9%, white fish meal 10%, mineral substance premix 1.5%, vitamin premix 2%, soybean oil 4.6%, Choline Chloride 0.3%, salt 0.25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, VC-fat 0.1%, cellulose powder 0.1%.
Wherein: mineral substance premix is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: MgSO
4h
2o is 745g/kg, FeSO
4h
2o is 125 g/kg, and trace element mixture is 80 g/kg, and starch or stone flour are 50 g/kg; Wherein trace element mixture is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: ZnSO
47H
2o is 353mg/g, MnSO
45H
2o is 162 mg/g, CuSO
45H
2o is 31 mg/g, AlCl
36H
2o is 10 mg/g, CoCl
26H
2o is 1 mg/g, KIO
3be 3 mg/g, stone flour or starch are 440 mg/g.
Wherein: vitamin premix is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: VA, 700,000 IU g/kg; VD
3, 350,000 IU g/kg; VK, 3.5 g/kg; VE, 16 g/kg; VB
1, 3.5 g/kg; VB
2, 7 g/kg; VB
6, 7 g/kg; VB
12, 0.007 g/kg; Folic acid, 1.6 g/kg; Calcium pantothenate, 16 g/kg; Inositol, 35 g/kg; Nicotinic acid, 35 g/kg; Biotin, 0.03 g/kg; VC, 35 g/kg.
The concrete steps of technique of preparing the special-purpose slow heavy forage of bighead of the present invention are as follows:
(1) first by proportioning, take various raw materials;
(2) then various raw materials are all pulverized, after pulverizing, crossed the classifying screen of 0.1-0.3mm;
(3) raw material after sieving is mixed, add water in mixed process, make material moisture at 10-40%, incorporation time is 5-20min;
(4) then add double screw extruder to extrude in mixed feed, extruding condition is: screw speed is 200-300r/min, and the barrel zone temperature of feed end, interlude and discharge end is respectively 80-100 ℃, 100-130 ℃, 120-140 ℃, makes dilated product;
(5) by the expanded pellet diet squeezing out, then pass through fragmentation, by 40 mesh sieves, form final products, air-dry rear pack.
In step (2), after preferably pulverizing, cross the classifying screen of 0.18mm.
In step (3), preferably in mixed process, add water, make material moisture at 20-30%, incorporation time is 10min.
In step (4), preferably extruding condition is: screw speed is 250r/min, and the barrel zone temperature of feed end, interlude and discharge end is respectively 90 ℃, 115 ℃, and 130 ℃.
In step (5), preferably broken rear by 40 mesh sieves.
Good effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is by the demand to nutriments such as protein in the research life habit of bighead and growth course thereof, worked out the slow heavy forage that is applicable to bighead of the present invention, slow heavy forage of the present invention can promote the Fast Growth of bighead, the deposition that is conducive to body protein, promotes the secretion of enteron aisle digestive ferment.The present invention has huge social effect and economic implications through promotion conference.
The specific embodiment
The following examples are to describe in further detail of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The raw material weight proportioning of the special-purpose slow heavy forage of 1.1 bigheads forms:
Wheat flour 31%, dregs of beans 8.55%, casein 0%, cotton dregs 9%, white fish meal 10%, mineral substance premix 1.5%, vitamin premix 2%, soybean oil 7.97%, Choline Chloride 0.3%, salt 0.25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, VC-fat 0.1%, cellulose powder 26.83%.
Wherein: mineral substance premix is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: MgSO
4h
2o is 745g/kg, FeSO
4h
2o is 125 g/kg, and trace element mixture is 80 g/kg, and starch or stone flour are 50 g/kg; Wherein trace element mixture is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: ZnSO
47H
2o is 353mg/g, MnSO
45H
2o is 162 mg/g, CuSO
45H
2o is 31 mg/g, AlCl
36H
2o is 10 mg/g, CoCl
26H
2o is 1 mg/g, KIO
3be 3 mg/g, stone flour or starch are 440 mg/g.
Wherein: vitamin premix is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: VA, 700,000 IU g/kg; VD
3, 350,000 IU g/kg; VK, 3.5 g/kg; VE, 16 g/kg; VB
1, 3.5 g/kg; VB
2, 7 g/kg; VB
6, 7 g/kg; VB
12, 0.007 g/kg; Folic acid, 1.6 g/kg; Calcium pantothenate, 16 g/kg; Inositol, 35 g/kg; Nicotinic acid, 35 g/kg; Biotin, 0.03 g/kg; VC, 35 g/kg.
The special-purpose slow heavy forage of 1.2 bigheads preparation technology
(1) first by proportioning, take various raw materials;
(2) then various raw materials are all pulverized, after pulverizing, crossed the classifying screen of 0.1mm;
(3) raw material after sieving is mixed, add water in mixed process, make material moisture 30%, incorporation time is 20min;
(4) then add double screw extruder to extrude in mixed feed, extruding condition is: screw speed is 200r/min, and the barrel zone temperature of feed end, interlude and discharge end is respectively 80 ℃, 100 ℃, 120 ℃, makes dilated product;
(5) by the expanded pellet diet squeezing out, then pass through fragmentation, by 40 mesh sieves, form final products, air-dry rear pack.
Embodiment 2
The raw material weight proportioning of the special-purpose slow heavy forage of 2.1 bigheads forms:
Wheat flour 31%, dregs of beans 8.55%, casein 19.96%, cotton dregs 9%, white fish meal 10%, mineral substance premix 1.5%, vitamin premix 2%, soybean oil 7.93%, Choline Chloride 0.3%, salt 0.25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, VC-fat 0.1%, cellulose powder 6.91%.
Wherein: mineral substance premix is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: MgSO
4h
2o is 745g/kg, FeSO
4h
2o is 125 g/kg, and trace element mixture is 80 g/kg, and starch or stone flour are 50 g/kg; Wherein trace element mixture is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: ZnSO
47H
2o is 353mg/g, MnSO
45H
2o is 162 mg/g, CuSO
45H
2o is 31 mg/g, AlCl
36H
2o is 10 mg/g, CoCl
26H
2o is 1 mg/g, KIO
3be 3 mg/g, stone flour or starch are 440 mg/g.
Wherein: vitamin premix is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: VA, 700,000 IU g/kg; VD
3, 350,000 IU g/kg; VK, 3.5 g/kg; VE, 16 g/kg; VB
1, 3.5 g/kg; VB
2, 7 g/kg; VB
6, 7 g/kg; VB
12, 0.007 g/kg; Folic acid, 1.6 g/kg; Calcium pantothenate, 16 g/kg; Inositol, 35 g/kg; Nicotinic acid, 35 g/kg; Biotin, 0.03 g/kg; VC, 35 g/kg.
The special-purpose slow heavy forage of 2.2 bigheads preparation technology
(1) first by proportioning, take various raw materials;
(2) then various raw materials are all pulverized, after pulverizing, crossed the classifying screen of 0.3mm;
(3) raw material after sieving is mixed, add water in mixed process, make material moisture 25%, incorporation time is 5min;
(4) then add double screw extruder to extrude in mixed feed, extruding condition is: screw speed is 300r/min, and the barrel zone temperature of feed end, interlude and discharge end is respectively 100 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃, makes dilated product;
(5) by the expanded pellet diet squeezing out, then pass through fragmentation, by 40 mesh sieves, form final products, air-dry rear pack.
Embodiment 3
The raw material weight proportioning of the special-purpose slow heavy forage of 3.1 bigheads forms:
Wheat flour 31%, dregs of beans 0.86%, casein 37.79%, cotton dregs 9%, white fish meal 10%, mineral substance premix 1.5%, vitamin premix 2%, soybean oil 4.6%, Choline Chloride 0.3%, salt 0.25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, VC-fat 0.1%, cellulose powder 0.1%.
Wherein: mineral substance premix is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: MgSO
4h
2o is 745g/kg, FeSO
4h
2o is 125 g/kg, and trace element mixture is 80 g/kg, and starch or stone flour are 50 g/kg; Wherein trace element mixture is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: ZnSO
47H
2o is 353mg/g, MnSO
45H
2o is 162 mg/g, CuSO
45H
2o is 31 mg/g, AlCl
36H
2o is 10 mg/g, CoCl
26H
2o is 1 mg/g, KIO
3be 3 mg/g, stone flour or starch are 440 mg/g.
Wherein: vitamin premix is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: VA, 700,000 IU g/kg; VD
3, 350,000 IU g/kg; VK, 3.5 g/kg; VE, 16 g/kg; VB
1, 3.5 g/kg; VB
2, 7 g/kg; VB
6, 7 g/kg; VB
12, 0.007 g/kg; Folic acid, 1.6 g/kg; Calcium pantothenate, 16 g/kg; Inositol, 35 g/kg; Nicotinic acid, 35 g/kg; Biotin, 0.03 g/kg; VC, 35 g/kg.
The special-purpose slow heavy forage of 3.2 bigheads preparation technology
(1) first by proportioning, take various raw materials;
(2) then various raw materials are all pulverized, after pulverizing, crossed the classifying screen of 0.18mm;
(3) raw material after sieving is mixed, add water in mixed process, make material moisture 20%, incorporation time is 10min;
(4) then add double screw extruder to extrude in mixed feed, extruding condition is: screw speed is 250r/min, and the barrel zone temperature of feed end, interlude and discharge end is respectively 90 ℃, 115 ℃, 130 ℃, makes dilated product;
(5) by the expanded pellet diet squeezing out, then pass through fragmentation, by 40 mesh sieves, form final products, air-dry rear pack.
Embodiment 4
The nutrient composition content of feed prepared by embodiment 1-3 is as shown in table 2:
The nutritional labeling (%) of feed prepared by table 2 embodiment 1-3
| Sample | Moisture | Crude fat | Crude protein | Coarse ash |
| Embodiment 1 | 10.60 | 9.23 | 18.77 | 8.68 |
| Embodiment 2 | 10.07 | 9.44 | 34.24 | 7.13 |
| Embodiment 3 | 10.30 | 5.21 | 46.00 | 6.48 |
The assay method of subsidence velocity:
Subsidence velocity refers to the average speed that feed granules sinks in water.Get the graduated cylinder of a 1L, dress 1L water, vertically places, and measures respectively feed granules and from underwater, sinks to the pipe time at the end.Average measurement 20 times, calculates average subsidence velocity (cm/s).
The average subsidence velocity of feed prepared by embodiment 1-3 is respectively: 6.38 ± 0.29,5.60 ± 0.28 and 4.74 ± 0.16.
The average gelatinization degree of feed prepared by embodiment 1-3 is respectively: 47.41 ± 2.98,90.19 ± 1.99 and 90.65 ± 3.07.
The effect of the special-purpose slow heavy forage of embodiment 5 bighead of the present invention
The subsidence velocity of the special-purpose slow heavy forage of bighead of the present invention slows down 27.4%, and gelatinization degree improves 91.2%.Such feed is particularly suitable for the feeding method of the filter-feeding fishes such as bighead and silver carp, for solving the feed problem of these fish, lays a good foundation.
In indoor circulating water cultivation system, raising just starting weight is the bighead 90d of (6.00 ± 0.02) g, the special-purpose slow heavy forage of bighead and normal diet prepared by interpolation embodiment 1-3 are fed, be divided into respectively embodiment 1 nursing group (protein content 18.77), embodiment 2 nursing groups (protein content 34.24), embodiment 3 nursing groups (protein content 46.00) and normal diet control group (protein content 25%), and the impact of having observed feed form the body index of bighead, Activity of Digestive Enzymes in Intestine and body.Result shows:
(1) rate of body weight gain of normal diet control group bighead and specific growth rate are significantly lower than other each group (P<0.05); Embodiment 2 nursing group bighead rates of body weight gain and specific growth rate the highest (P<0.05).
(2) respectively organize fish body coefficient of condition and dirty body ratio does not have significant difference (P>0.05).
(3) normal diet control group bighead intestinal protease and amylase activity are significantly lower than other each groups (P>0.05).
(4) in normal diet control group bighead fish body crude protein, coarse ash content significantly lower than other each groups (P<0.05).
Above result shows, slow heavy forage prepared by the present invention can promote the growth of bighead, promotes the secretion of enteron aisle digestive ferment, is conducive to the deposition of body protein.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. the special-purpose slow heavy forage of bighead, is characterized in that: the raw material weight proportioning of described slow heavy forage is composed as follows: wheat flour 25-35%, dregs of beans 0.5-9%, casein 0-38%, cotton dregs 8-10%, white fish meal 8-12%, mineral substance premix 1-2%, vitamin premix 1-3%, soybean oil 3-9%, Choline Chloride 0.1-0.5%, salt 0.1-0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3%, VC-fat 0.05-0.2%, cellulose powder 0.1-27%.
2. the special-purpose slow heavy forage of a kind of bighead as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the raw material weight proportioning of described slow heavy forage is composed as follows: wheat flour 31%, dregs of beans 8.55%, casein 0%, cotton dregs 9%, white fish meal 10%, mineral substance premix 1.5%, vitamin premix 2%, soybean oil 7.97%, Choline Chloride 0.3%, salt 0.25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, VC-fat 0.1%, cellulose powder 26.83%.
3. the special-purpose slow heavy forage of a kind of bighead as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the raw material weight proportioning of described slow heavy forage is composed as follows: wheat flour 31%, dregs of beans 8.55%, casein 19.96%, cotton dregs 9%, white fish meal 10%, mineral substance premix 1.5%, vitamin premix 2%, soybean oil 7.93%, Choline Chloride 0.3%, salt 0.25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, VC-fat 0.1%, cellulose powder 6.91%.
4. the special-purpose slow heavy forage of bighead as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the raw material weight proportioning of described slow heavy forage is composed as follows: wheat flour 31%, dregs of beans 0.86%, casein 37.79%, cotton dregs 9%, white fish meal 10%, mineral substance premix 1.5%, vitamin premix 2%, soybean oil 4.6%, Choline Chloride 0.3%, salt 0.25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, VC-fat 0.1%, cellulose powder 0.1%.
5. the special-purpose slow heavy forage of a kind of bighead as described in claim 1-4 any one, is characterized in that: described mineral substance premix is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: MgSO
4h
2o is 745g/kg, FeSO
4h
2o is 125 g/kg, and trace element mixture is 80 g/kg, and starch or stone flour are 50 g/kg; Wherein trace element mixture is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: ZnSO
47H
2o is 353mg/g, MnSO
45H
2o is 162 mg/g, CuSO
45H
2o is 31 mg/g, AlCl
36H
2o is 10 mg/g, CoCl
26H
2o is 1 mg/g, KIO
3be 3 mg/g, stone flour or starch are 440 mg/g.
6. the special-purpose slow heavy forage of a kind of bighead as described in claim 1-4 any one, is characterized in that: described vitamin premix is comprised of the raw material of following proportioning: VA, 700,000 IU g/kg; VD
3, 350,000 IU g/kg; VK, 3.5 g/kg; VE, 16 g/kg; VB
1, 3.5 g/kg; VB
2, 7 g/kg; VB
6, 7 g/kg; VB
12, 0.007 g/kg; Folic acid, 1.6 g/kg; Calcium pantothenate, 16 g/kg; Inositol, 35 g/kg; Nicotinic acid, 35 g/kg; Biotin, 0.03 g/kg; VC, 35 g/kg.
7. a preparation technology who prepares the special-purpose slow heavy forage of a kind of bighead as described in claim 1-6 any one, is characterized in that: the concrete steps of described technique are as follows:
(1) first by proportioning, take various raw materials;
(2) then various raw materials are all pulverized, after pulverizing, crossed the classifying screen of 0.1-0.3mm;
(3) raw material after sieving is mixed, add water in mixed process, make material moisture at 10-40%, incorporation time is 5-20min;
(4) then add double screw extruder to extrude in mixed feed, extruding condition is: screw speed is 200-300r/min, and the barrel zone temperature of feed end, interlude and discharge end is respectively 80-100 ℃, 100-130 ℃, 120-140 ℃, makes dilated product;
(5) by the expanded pellet diet squeezing out, then pass through fragmentation, by 40 mesh sieves, form final products.
8. technique as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: in step (2), cross the classifying screen of 0.18mm after pulverizing.
9. technique as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: in step (3), add water in mixed process, make material moisture at 20-30%, incorporation time is 10min.
10. technique as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: in step (4), extruding condition is: screw speed is 250r/min, and the barrel zone temperature of feed end, interlude and discharge end is respectively 90 ℃, 115 ℃, and 130 ℃.
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| CN106562125A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-04-19 | 黑龙江省宏望饲料有限责任公司 | Silver carp and bighead carp bait capable of floating on water and preparation method |
| CN106689652A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-05-24 | 雷遨宇 | Pelagic high protein powder of bighead carp and preparation method of pelagic high protein powder |
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| CN105558352B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2020-04-14 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Freshwater shrimp feed not easy to disperse in water and method for efficiently collecting residual bait of freshwater shrimps |
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| CN109221812A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-18 | 铜陵向日葵生态农业有限公司 | A kind of hilsa herring feed of high efficiency of feed utilization |
| CN110973407A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-10 | 武汉轻工大学 | Iron-rich functional compound feed for freshwater fish and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104026413B (en) | 2016-01-20 |
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