AU2020101716A4 - A Sustainable Planting Mode Based on Intercropping of Wheat and Maize with Green Manure - Google Patents
A Sustainable Planting Mode Based on Intercropping of Wheat and Maize with Green Manure Download PDFInfo
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- AU2020101716A4 AU2020101716A4 AU2020101716A AU2020101716A AU2020101716A4 AU 2020101716 A4 AU2020101716 A4 AU 2020101716A4 AU 2020101716 A AU2020101716 A AU 2020101716A AU 2020101716 A AU2020101716 A AU 2020101716A AU 2020101716 A4 AU2020101716 A4 AU 2020101716A4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
of DESCRIPTION
The invention discloses a sustainable planting mode based on intercropping of
wheat and maize with green manure, wherein the steps of the sustainable
planting mode are: S1, The wheat intercropping maize is arranged in the spring
of that year, and the bandwidth of the intercropped wheat and maize is 110 cm.
There are 8 rows of wheat with 12 cm of row spacing; 3 rows of maize with 40
cm row spacing and 25 cm plant spacing; S2, after the wheat is harvested in the
year, replant 6 rows of common vetch in the wheat belt, in order to achieve
wheat-maize inter-cropping with green manure; in S3, in the frost season of the
year, covering the green manure on the field in order to realize perennial
mulching, water retention and wind erosion prevention; in S4,in the next
year,the two crops' strips will be cultivated in exchange with rotary tillage for
planting wheat and maize , which is designed to achieve inter-belt rotation,
avoiding potential weakness or problems that may occur in continuous
cultivation. Also, inter-belt rotation can help balance soil nutrients required by
the two different crops in the alternate strips. In this invention, the resource is
efficiently utilized and the productivity of farmland is improved, so that the
sustainable planting mode can change the traditional production mode and
create a new type of sustainable agricultural production mode.
Description
PATENTS ACT 1990
A Sustainable Planting Mode Based on Intercropping of Wheat and Maize
with Green Manure
The invention is described in the following statement:-
A Sustainable Planting Mode Based on Intercropping of Wheat and
Maize with Green Manure
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology.
More specifically, it is a sustainable planting model based on intercropping
of wheat and maize with green manure, efficient utilization of resources,
and improvement of farmland productivity.
In arid inland oasis irrigation areas, wheat and corn are the two main
corps, and the proportion of sowing is more than 50%. Because of the
scarcity of water resources, the intercropping planting mode is adopted to
improving the water use efficiency by increasing the yield per unit area.
However, that high yield of traditional intercropping stem from higher and
fertilizer availability, which leads to the decrease of farmland productivity
year by year and the decrease of potential of crop to yield high and stable.
Therefore, planting green manure in intercropping mode can not only
reduce wind erosion but also maintain high soil water content by realizing
annual cover, which can be used for the growth and development of next crop and improve the water production benefit. Returning the green manure to the field can replace some inorganic chemical fertilizer, which is beneficial to fertilize the land, and the intercropping of wheat and corn is carried out with "interbelt rotation," that is, the wheat belt is sown with corn, the corn belt is sown with wheat, so as to eliminate potential continuous cropping obstacles, balancing soil nutrients between alternate crop belts to realize sustainable development of agriculture.
The object of the present invention is to provide a sustainable planting
mode based on inter-cropping of green manure with wheat and corn,
efficient utilization of resources and improved productivity of farmland,
which can change the traditional production mode, establishing a new type
of sustainable agricultural production model.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the
present invention is as below:
A sustainable planting mode based on inter cropping of green manure
with wheat and corn and efficient utilization of resources to improve the productivity of farmland, wherein the steps of the sustainable planting mode are as follows:
Sl,the wheat intercropping maize is arranged in the spring of that
year, and the bandwidth of the intercropped wheat and maize is 110 cm.
There are 8 rows of wheat with 12 cm of row spacing; 3 rows of maize
with 40 cm row spacing and 25 cm plant spacing;
S2, after the wheat is harvested in that year, replant 6 rows of common
vetch in the wheat belt, in order to achieve wheat-maize inter-cropping
with green manure;
S3, in the frost season of the year, covering the green manure on the
field in order to realize perennial mulching, water retention and wind
erosion prevention;
S4, in the next year, the two crops' strips will be cultivated in
exchange with rotary tillage for planting wheat and maize, which is
designed to achieve inter-belt rotation, avoiding potential weakness or
problems that may occur in continuous cultivation. Also, inter-belt rotation
may help balance soil nutrients required by the two different crops in the
alternate strips.
In step Sl, fertilization is preferably perform before that wheat inter
cropping corn is sown, the fertilizer of spring wheat is applied by applying
225kg ha of nitrogen, pure P2 0 5 113kg ha, the fertilization of corn belt is
360 kg ha of nitrogen, 3: 6: 1 of base fertilizer: Topdressing at the big bell
mouth stage: Dressing at the filling stage = 3: 6: 1, pure P 2 0 5 180kg / ha,
are all made as base fertilizer.
Preferably, the land should be rotated and harrowed, and then the
border should be made up with a monoplanter, with a width of 60cm at the
bottom, 40cm at the edge and a height of 40cm, with a spacing of 6.6m
between the two rows, i.e. a plot width, a natural sowing width of 1.1mper
plot, a width (wheat. Maize natural seeding strips) 2.2m, each plot consists
of three wheat and maize strips, sowing the weeds in mid late march and
sow the corn in mid late April.
Preferably, the sowing density of wheat is 675 million Plants ha, the
sowing amount is 675 ~ 750 3kg ha, the row distance is 15 cm, the planting
density of corn is 82500 3kg ha, the row distance is 40 cm, the plant
distance is 25 cm, and plouging tectorial membrane.
Preferably, irrigation is performed at a uniform irrigation level, 1200
m 3 ha of winter storage irrigation, In maize seedling stage (jointing stage
of wheat), jointing stage (booting stage of wheat), big bell mouth stage
(grouting stage), silting stage (sowing of common vetch), and initial stage
(seedling stage of Vicia sativa L), the filling period (bud stage) and after corn harvest (flowering stage), the irrigation amount are 750,900, 750,900,
750,750m3 ha respectively.
Further, in step S2, after the wheat is harvested, the wheat is planted
with green manure (Vicia sativa L) without fertilizer, the sowing density is
1.5 million grains /ha (75 kg / ha), sowing in line with 6 lines, and the line
spacing is 15cm.
Further, in step S3, during the frost period of each year, the vetch is
cut and covered to return to the field to realize the annual cover, the wind
erosion is reduced while the high soil water content is maintained,which is
beneficial for the growth and development of the next crop. And improve
the benefit of water production.
Further, in step S4, intercropping of wheat and maize in the following
year is carried out by inter-zone rotation, that is, inter-zone seeding of corn
and inter-zone seeding of wheat, eliminating potential continuous cropping
obstacles, and balancing soil nutrients between alternate crop zones.
In addition, returning green manure to the field can replace part of
inorganic chemical fertilizer, which is beneficial to fertilizing the ground
and realizing the sustainable development of agriculture.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages
and positive effects of as follows:
The invention provides a sustainable planting mode based on
intercropping green manure of wheat and corn, efficient utilization of
resources, and improvement of farmland productivity, which can change
the traditional production mode and create a new type of sustainable
agricultural production mode. The planting mode of the present invention
can realize a grain yield of 17000 kg / ha and a fresh grass yield of 200000
kg / ha, which can not only improve stability of crop production, increase
yield and resource utilization, but also can promote the income of the
farmer.
Returning green manure to the field can replace part of inorganic
chemical fertilizer, which is beneficial to fertilizing the land, realizing the
sustainable development of agriculture, and is suitable for popularization
and use.
Hereinafter, that technical solution of the present invention will be
clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments of
the present invention, and it will be apparent that the described
embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention
and not all of the them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative labor, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, modifications, etc., shall be included within the scope of the invention.
The sustainable planting mode based on inter-cropping of green
manure between wheat and corn, utilizing resources efficiently and
improving the productivity of farmland of the invention comprises the
following steps:
Sl,the wheat intercropping maize is arranged in the spring of that
year, and the bandwidth of the intercropped wheat and maize is 110 cm.
There are 8 rows of wheat with 12 cm of row spacing; 3 rows of maize
with 40 cm row spacing and 25 cm plant spacing;
S2, after the wheat is harvested in that year, replant 6 rows of common
vetch in the wheat belt, in order to achieve wheat-maize inter-cropping
with green manure;
S3, in the frost season of the year, covering the green manure on the
field in order to realize perennial mulching, water retention and wind
erosion prevention;
S4, in the next year,the two crops' strips will be cultivated in exchange
with rotary tillage for planting wheat and maize , which is designed to
achieve inter-belt rotation, avoiding potential weakness or problems that may occur in continuous cultivation. Also, inter-belt rotation may help balance soil nutrients required by the two different crops in the alternate strips.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the wheat
intercropping corn is fertilized before planting;, the fertilizing of the
spring wheat is applied according to the nitrogen application of 225 kg/
ha and pure P 2 0 5 113 kg /ha,all of them are used as base fertilizer; apply
Nitrogen in maize belt of 360kg / ha, and all of them are used as base
fertilizer;Top dressing in the big bell-mouth stage: Apply the fertilizer in
the grouting stage = 3: 6: 1, pure P2 0 5 180kg / ha, all as the basic
fertilizer. In the course of ploughing the land, the fine rakes should be
spin, and then a ridge machine is used to set up a ridge, the ridge bottom
is 60cm wide, the ridge is 40cm wide, 40cm high, and the ridge space is
6.6m, that is, the width of a cell is 1.1 m. The width (natural sowing zone
of wheat and maize) is 2.2m. Each plot consists of 3 wheat and maize
belts, sowing wheat in the middle and late of March, and sowing maize in
the middle and late of April. The sowing density of wheat was 675
million grains / ha, the sowing amount is 675 ~ 750kg / ha, the row
spacing is 12cm, the planting density is 82500 plants / ha, the row
spacing was 40cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, and the covering is flat.
Irrigation system: Uniform irrigation level, 1200m3 / ha for winter storage and irrigation. In maize seedling stage (jointing stage of wheat), jointing stage (booting stage of wheat), big bell mouth stage (grouting stage), silting stage (sowing of Vicia sativa L.), and initial stage (seedling stage of Vicia sativa L.), the filling period (bud stage) and after corn harvest
(flowering stage), the irrigation amount are 750,900, 750,900, 750,750m3
/ha respectively.
In the embodiment of the present invention, after the wheat is
harvested in step S2, the wheat is insert with green manure (Vicia sativa
L.) without fertilizer, and the sowing density is 1.5 million grains / ha (75
kg /ha), sowing in line with 6 lines, and row spacing is15cm.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, during the frost
period of each year, the common vetch is cut and covered to return to the
field to realize the annual cover, the wind erosion is reduced while the high
soil water content is maintained, which is for the growth and development
of the next crop and improving that benefit of water production.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, "interbelt
rotation" is carried out for inter cropping wheat corn in the next year, that
is, the wheat belt is sown with corn, the corn belt is sown with wheat, in
addition, the green fertilize can replace some inorganic chemical fertilizer, which is beneficial to fertilizing the soil and realize the sustainable development of agriculture.
In an embodiment of that present invention, the N, P fertilize used is urea
(46-0-0) and diammonium phosphate (18-46-0), the number is the
proportion of N, P2 05 5, K 2 0.
Detailed description is given below in conjunction with specific
embodiments.
Test base and materials
Test site: The study was conducted at Wuwei Experimental Station in
2017, and the soil type was irrigated desert soil, and the soil layer thickness
was about 120cm. Annual average rainfall is about 156 mm, mainly
concentrated in July-September of each year, annual evaporation is about
2400mm, irrigation water resources are limited, annual average
temperature in this area is 7.2 °C, accumulated temperature > 0 °C and >
°C are 3513.4 °C and 2985.4 °C, respectively. It is suitable for the
development of inter cropping model. Wheat and maize are the two main
crops in this area, and the sowing ratio is more than 50%. Because of the
serious water shortage, the inter cropping planting mode is adopted in the
test area to improve the water use efficiency by increasing the yield per
unit area. However, the high yield of traditional inter-cropping comes from the higher water and fertilizer supply, which results in the decrease of farmland productivity year by year and the decrease of high yield and stable yield potential of crop production.
Test materials
The contents of N, P and K were 46%, 0%, 0% urea and 18%, 46%
and 0% diammonium phosphate respectively.
Test pesticide: Avermectin.
Test film: Colorless 0.008mm polyethylene film, in accordance with
GB13735-92.
Varieties of crops to be tested: Wheat (Ningchun No. 2), corn (Qianyu
335), and common vetch (Su-Arrow No. 3). In general, wheat and corn
seeds were treated by coating, wheat was treated with Dexen Mn-Zn to
control root rot, and corn was treated with 20 mg / kg PP 333 to lower the
plant height.
Space layout:
Experimental planting mode and cultivation technique requirements
Planting mode:
Wheat intercropping maize: Adopting 8: 3 belt type: Wheat belt seed
8 rows; corn belt seed 3 rows; width: Wheat belt: Corn belt = 110cm:
110cm; the distance between wheat belt and corn belt is 28cm. In mid and
late March, 8 row of wheat were sown in that corn belt before sowing, and
the row space was 12cm; after sowing, immediately raking the soil to make
it flat and fine, to prevent soil moisture loss. In the middle and late of April,
three rows of corn were planted on the former wheat rotation belt, with a
row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 25cm. In the same year, 8 rows
of wheat were sown, 3 rows of corn were sown, and after wheat harvest in
late July, 8 rows of pea (green manure) were planted in the wheat belt. In
the frost season of the year (mid-November), Green manure is covered.
After cutting, in the following year, intercropping of wheat and maize
shall be carried out by "interbelt rotation," that is, wheat is sown with corn
and maize is sown with wheat.
Requirements for experimental cultivation techniques:
Wheat inter-cropping corn can be connected with any crop stubble,
after inter cropping wheat harvest, cultivating common vetch, which is cut
and covered in frost season, irrigating winter water before freezing.The
next year wheat belt rotary tillage, rotating the corn of with tectorial
membrane, then rotate the wheat on the corn belt. In wheat inter-cropping
maize, fertilization was carried out before sowing; in spring wheat,
nitrogen was applied 225kg / ha, P2 0 5 113kg / ha, all of them were used as basal fertilizer; in maize, nitrogen was applied 360kg / ha, According to basal fertilizer: Topdressing at the bell mouth stage: Topdressing at the grouting stage = 3: 6: 1 min, pure P2 0 5 180 kg / ha, all used as the base fertilizer, fine raking shall be carried out by rotary ploughing when the land is finished, and then the furrow shall be formed by a furrow machine. The ridge width is 60cm, the ridge width is 40cm, the height is 40cm, the distance between the two ridges is 6.6m, that is, the width of each plot is
1.1m, the width is 2.2m (wheat and corn natural sowing zone), and each
plot is composed of 3 wheat and corn zones. Wheat was sown in mid and
late March, and corn was sown in mid and late April. The sowing density
of wheat was 6.75 million grains / ha, the sowing amount was 300 ~ 375kg
/ ha, the row spacing was 12cm, the planting density was 82,500 plants
/ ha, the row spacing was 40cm, the plant spacing was 25cm, and the
covering was flat. In that middle of July, in the early stage of the occurrence
of corn red spider and aphids, 2000 times 1.8% avermectin was used and
sprayed once every 7-10 days for 2-3 times. Irrigation system: Uniform
irrigation level, 1200m 3/ ha for winter storage and irrigation. In maize
seedling stage (jointing stage of wheat), jointing stage (booting stage of
wheat), big bell mouth stage (grouting stage), silting stage (sowing of
Arrow pea), and initial stage (seedling stage of Arrow pea). The filling
period (bud stage) and after corn harvest (flowering stage) were 750,900,
750,900, 750,750m3 / ha respectively. Wheat should be harvested
appropriately earlier and should be harvested at the late dough stage, for
the planting of common vetch to create a suitable growth environment. The
most suitable harvest time of maize is the late stage of wax ripening, when
the bud leaves become white, the seeds become hard and glossy which is
about to harvest, and the level of thousand-grain weight is high,with good
quality. After the corn is harvested, the maize belt will be ploughed in time,
the tillage depth is 20-25cm, the wheat belt is replanted, the vetch is cut
and no-tillage is covered. In order to increase the soil water storage volume,
the winter water storage should be poured before freezing, and the corn
belt is raked, crushed and repressed.
Claims (8)
1. The sustainable planting mode based on inter-cropping of green
manure between wheat and corn, utilizing resources efficiently and
improving the productivity of farmland of the invention comprises the
following steps:
Sl,the wheat intercropping maize is arranged in the spring of that
year, and the bandwidth of the intercropped wheat and maize is 110 cm.
There are 8 rows of wheat with 12 cm of row spacing; 3 rows of maize
with 40 cm row spacing and 25 cm plant spacing;
S2, after the wheat is harvested in that year, replant 6 rows of common
vetch in the wheat belt, in order to achieve wheat-maize inter-cropping
with green manure;
S3, in the frost season of the year, covering the green manure on the
field in order to realize perennial mulching, water retention and wind
erosion prevention;
S4. in the next year,the two crops' strips will be cultivated in exchange
with rotary tillage for planting wheat and maize , which is designed to
achieve inter-belt rotation, avoiding potential weakness or problems that
may occur in continuous cultivation. Also, inter-belt rotation may help balance soil nutrients required by the two different crops in the alternate strips.
2. The sustainable planting mode as described in claim 1, which is
characterized by: in step S, wheat intercropping corn fertilization before
sowing; spring wheat fertilization according to the application of nitrogen
225kg/ha, pure PO 113kg/ha, all as the base fertilizer; corn belt
fertilization according to the application of nitrogen 360kg/ha, all as the
base fertilizer: Big trumpet stage chasing fertilizer: irrigation stage
chasing fertilizer = 3:6:1 divided application, pure PO 180kg/ha, all as
base fertilizer.
3. The sustainable planting pattern as described in claim 2, which is
characterized by the following: When preparing soil, rotary tillage and
fine harrow shall be carried out, and then ridging and furrowing shall be
carried out with a ridger. The width of ridge bottom is 60cm, the width of
ridge edge is 40cm, and the distance between two ridges is 6.6m, which is
the width of one plot. Each plot has a natural sowing bandwidth of 1.1m
and a width of 2.2m. Each plot consists of three wheat and corn belts.
Wheat is sown in the middle and late March and corn is sown in the
middle and late April.
4. The sustainable planting pattern as described in claim 3, which is
characterized by: wheat sowing density of 6.75 million seeds/ha, sowing
rate of 675-750kg/ha, strip sowing, 15cm spacing; corn sowing density of
82,500 seeds/ha, 40cm of spacing, 25cm of spacing, film-covered for
cropping.
5. The sustainable planting mode as claimed in claim 4, which is
characterized in that the irrigation adopts a unified irrigation level, and
the irrigation is 1200m/ha in winter, and the irrigation is 750, 900, 750,
900, 750, 750, and 750m/ha respectively in seedling stage, jointing stage,
and big trumpet stage of corn, silking stage, early filling stage, and post
harvest corn stage.
6. As claimed in claim 1, the sustainable planting pattern as
described in claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, after the wheat
harvest, the wheat belt is inter-planted with green manure arrowroot peas,
the arrowroot peas are not fertilized, the sowing density is 1.5 million
seeds/ha (75kg/ha), 6 rows are sown in rows 15cm apart.
7. The sustainable planting pattern as described in claim 1,
characterized in that: in step S3, during the annual frost period, the
arrowroot peas are cut, the field is returned to cover for annual coverage.
8. The sustainable cultivation model as described in claim 1,
characterized in that, in step S4, the following year intercropping wheat
corn with inter-belt rotation, i.e., wheat with sowing corn and corn with
sowing wheat.
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2020
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