Göllner et al., 2012 - Google Patents
An Electrochemical Transducer Based on a Pentacene Double‐Gate Thin‐Film TransistorGöllner et al., 2012
- Document ID
- 17576425966927698160
- Author
- Göllner M
- Glasbrenner G
- Nickel B
- Publication year
- Publication venue
- Electroanalysis
External Links
Snippet
We report an electrochemical transducer based on an organic double‐gate transistor. The bottom‐gate is given by ap‐doped silicon substrate, which is covered by 300 nm thermal oxide. A 20 nm pentacene film acts as the semiconducting layer, and a 50 nm …
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentacene data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
<svg version='1.1' baseProfile='full'
              xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
                      xmlns:rdkit='http://www.rdkit.org/xml'
                      xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'
                  xml:space='preserve'
width='300px' height='300px' viewBox='0 0 300 300'>
<!-- END OF HEADER -->
<rect style='opacity:1.0;fill:#FFFFFF;stroke:none' width='300.0' height='300.0' x='0.0' y='0.0'> </rect>
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 40.9,181.5 L 13.6,165.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 40.0,173.7 L 20.9,162.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-21 atom-21 atom-0' d='M 68.2,165.7 L 40.9,181.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-1 atom-1 atom-2' d='M 13.6,165.7 L 13.6,134.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-2 atom-2 atom-3' d='M 13.6,134.3 L 40.9,118.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-2 atom-2 atom-3' d='M 20.9,137.3 L 40.0,126.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 40.9,118.5 L 68.2,134.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-4 atom-4 atom-5' d='M 68.2,134.3 L 95.5,118.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-4 atom-4 atom-5' d='M 75.4,137.3 L 94.5,126.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-22 atom-21 atom-4' d='M 68.2,165.7 L 68.2,134.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-5 atom-5 atom-6' d='M 95.5,118.5 L 122.7,134.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-6 atom-6 atom-7' d='M 122.7,134.3 L 150.0,118.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-6 atom-6 atom-7' d='M 130.0,137.3 L 149.1,126.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-23 atom-19 atom-6' d='M 122.7,165.7 L 122.7,134.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-7 atom-7 atom-8' d='M 150.0,118.5 L 177.3,134.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 177.3,134.3 L 204.5,118.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 184.5,137.3 L 203.6,126.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-24 atom-17 atom-8' d='M 177.3,165.7 L 177.3,134.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-9 atom-9 atom-10' d='M 204.5,118.5 L 231.8,134.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-10 atom-10 atom-11' d='M 231.8,134.3 L 259.1,118.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-10 atom-10 atom-11' d='M 239.1,137.3 L 258.1,126.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-25 atom-15 atom-10' d='M 231.8,165.7 L 231.8,134.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-11 atom-11 atom-12' d='M 259.1,118.5 L 286.4,134.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-12 atom-12 atom-13' d='M 286.4,134.3 L 286.4,165.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-12 atom-12 atom-13' d='M 280.1,139.0 L 280.1,161.0' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-13 atom-13 atom-14' d='M 286.4,165.7 L 259.1,181.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-14 atom-14 atom-15' d='M 259.1,181.5 L 231.8,165.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-14 atom-14 atom-15' d='M 258.1,173.7 L 239.1,162.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-15 atom-15 atom-16' d='M 231.8,165.7 L 204.5,181.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-16 atom-16 atom-17' d='M 204.5,181.5 L 177.3,165.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-16 atom-16 atom-17' d='M 203.6,173.7 L 184.5,162.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-17 atom-17 atom-18' d='M 177.3,165.7 L 150.0,181.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-18 atom-18 atom-19' d='M 150.0,181.5 L 122.7,165.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-18 atom-18 atom-19' d='M 149.1,173.7 L 130.0,162.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-19 atom-19 atom-20' d='M 122.7,165.7 L 95.5,181.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-20 atom-20 atom-21' d='M 95.5,181.5 L 68.2,165.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-20 atom-20 atom-21' d='M 94.5,173.7 L 75.4,162.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
</svg>
 data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
<svg version='1.1' baseProfile='full'
              xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
                      xmlns:rdkit='http://www.rdkit.org/xml'
                      xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'
                  xml:space='preserve'
width='85px' height='85px' viewBox='0 0 85 85'>
<!-- END OF HEADER -->
<rect style='opacity:1.0;fill:#FFFFFF;stroke:none' width='85.0' height='85.0' x='0.0' y='0.0'> </rect>
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 11.1,50.9 L 3.4,46.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 10.8,48.7 L 5.4,45.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-21 atom-21 atom-0' d='M 18.8,46.5 L 11.1,50.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-1 atom-1 atom-2' d='M 3.4,46.5 L 3.4,37.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-2 atom-2 atom-3' d='M 3.4,37.5 L 11.1,33.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-2 atom-2 atom-3' d='M 5.4,38.4 L 10.8,35.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 11.1,33.1 L 18.8,37.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-4 atom-4 atom-5' d='M 18.8,37.5 L 26.5,33.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-4 atom-4 atom-5' d='M 20.9,38.4 L 26.3,35.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-22 atom-21 atom-4' d='M 18.8,46.5 L 18.8,37.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-5 atom-5 atom-6' d='M 26.5,33.1 L 34.3,37.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-6 atom-6 atom-7' d='M 34.3,37.5 L 42.0,33.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-6 atom-6 atom-7' d='M 36.3,38.4 L 41.7,35.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-23 atom-19 atom-6' d='M 34.3,46.5 L 34.3,37.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-7 atom-7 atom-8' d='M 42.0,33.1 L 49.7,37.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 49.7,37.5 L 57.5,33.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 51.8,38.4 L 57.2,35.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-24 atom-17 atom-8' d='M 49.7,46.5 L 49.7,37.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-9 atom-9 atom-10' d='M 57.5,33.1 L 65.2,37.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-10 atom-10 atom-11' d='M 65.2,37.5 L 72.9,33.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-10 atom-10 atom-11' d='M 67.2,38.4 L 72.6,35.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-25 atom-15 atom-10' d='M 65.2,46.5 L 65.2,37.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-11 atom-11 atom-12' d='M 72.9,33.1 L 80.6,37.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-12 atom-12 atom-13' d='M 80.6,37.5 L 80.6,46.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-12 atom-12 atom-13' d='M 78.9,38.9 L 78.9,45.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-13 atom-13 atom-14' d='M 80.6,46.5 L 72.9,50.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-14 atom-14 atom-15' d='M 72.9,50.9 L 65.2,46.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-14 atom-14 atom-15' d='M 72.6,48.7 L 67.2,45.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-15 atom-15 atom-16' d='M 65.2,46.5 L 57.5,50.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-16 atom-16 atom-17' d='M 57.5,50.9 L 49.7,46.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-16 atom-16 atom-17' d='M 57.2,48.7 L 51.8,45.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-17 atom-17 atom-18' d='M 49.7,46.5 L 42.0,50.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-18 atom-18 atom-19' d='M 42.0,50.9 L 34.3,46.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-18 atom-18 atom-19' d='M 41.7,48.7 L 36.3,45.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-19 atom-19 atom-20' d='M 34.3,46.5 L 26.5,50.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-20 atom-20 atom-21' d='M 26.5,50.9 L 18.8,46.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-20 atom-20 atom-21' d='M 26.3,48.7 L 20.9,45.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
</svg>
 C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 0 title abstract description 20
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/414—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
- G01N27/4148—Integrated circuits therefor, e.g. fabricated by CMOS processing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H01L51/00—Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof
- H01L51/05—Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential- jump barrier or surface barrier multistep processes for their manufacture
- H01L51/0504—Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential- jump barrier or surface barrier multistep processes for their manufacture the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or swiched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L51/0508—Field-effect devices, e.g. TFTs
- H01L51/0512—Field-effect devices, e.g. TFTs insulated gate field effect transistors
- H01L51/0545—Lateral single gate single channel transistors with inverted structure, i.e. the organic semiconductor layer is formed after the gate electrode
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/778—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating the impedance of the material
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating the impedance of the material by investigating capacitance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/27—Association of two or more measuring systems or cells, each measuring a different parameter, where the measurement results may be either used independently, the systems or cells being physically associated, or combined to produce a value for a further parameter, e.g. electrochemical electrode arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by the preceding groups
- G01N33/48—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by the preceding groups biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H01L51/00—Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof
- H01L51/0032—Selection of organic semiconducting materials, e.g. organic light sensitive or organic light emitting materials
- H01L51/0045—Carbon containing materials, e.g. carbon nanotubes, fullerenes
- H01L51/0048—Carbon nanotubes
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Buth et al. | Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors for sensing applications | |
Bittle et al. | Mobility overestimation due to gated contacts in organic field-effect transistors | |
Torsi et al. | A sensitivity-enhanced field-effect chiral sensor | |
Janata et al. | Conducting polymers in electronic chemical sensors | |
Liang et al. | Tuning channel architecture of interdigitated organic electrochemical transistors for recording the action potentials of electrogenic cells | |
Spijkman et al. | Dual‐gate thin‐film transistors, integrated circuits and sensors | |
Knopfmacher et al. | Nernst limit in dual-gated Si-nanowire FET sensors | |
Heller et al. | Influence of electrolyte composition on liquid-gated carbon nanotube and graphene transistors | |
Khodagholy et al. | High transconductance organic electrochemical transistors | |
Fujimoto et al. | Ionic-liquid component dependence of carrier injection and mobility for electric-double-layer organic thin-film transistors | |
Bedner et al. | Investigation of the dominant 1/f noise source in silicon nanowire sensors | |
Chen et al. | Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors: Electrochemical Gating, Interfacial Capacitance, and Biosensing Applications | |
Gobbi et al. | Determination of energy level alignment at metal/molecule interfaces by in-device electrical spectroscopy | |
Cho et al. | Ultra-high sensitivity pH-sensors using silicon nanowire channel dual-gate field-effect transistors fabricated by electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers pattern template transfer | |
Wei et al. | Extended gate ion-sensitive field-effect transistors using Al2O3/hexagonal boron nitride nanolayers for pH sensing | |
Goetz et al. | Organic field-effect transistors for biosensing applications | |
US20170336347A1 (en) | SiNW PIXELS BASED INVERTING AMPLIFIER | |
Zhou et al. | High performance gas sensors with dual response based on organic ambipolar transistors | |
Hamadani et al. | Insights into the characterization of polymer-based organic thin-film transistors using capacitance-voltage analysis | |
Chen et al. | Device noise reduction for silicon nanowire field-effect-transistor based sensors by using a Schottky junction gate | |
Sinno et al. | Bias stress effect in polyelectrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors | |
Zhang et al. | Mercury‐Mediated Organic Semiconductor Surface Doping Monitored by Electrolyte‐Gated Field‐Effect Transistors | |
Dutta et al. | High-performance dual-gate carbon nanotube ion-sensitive field effect transistor with high-$\kappa $ top gate and low-$\kappa $ bottom gate dielectrics | |
Pyo et al. | High-sensitivity pH sensor using separative extended-gate field-effect transistors with single-walled carbon-nanotube networks | |
Caboni et al. | Organic-based sensor for chemical detection in aqueous solution |