Enzyme

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Deng enzymes biomolecule lang mag-catalyze (magpabilis) kareng chemical reaction.^[1]^[2] Alus protina la ngan deng enzyme. Kareng reaksion da reng enzyme, ausan dong substrates deng molecule king umpisa ning prosesu. Potang kai, alilan no ning enzyme ba lang maging aliwang molecule, deng produktu. Mangailangan lang enzyme deng halus eganaganang prosesu king metung a cell bang mitaglus king kailaingan a bilis o salusu. Uling eksaktu lang mamiling substrate deng enzyme, at ditak la mu deng papabilisan dang reaksion ibat kareng dakal a pipamilinan, ing kabilugan da reng enzyme king metung a cell ing tutuldu nung sanung metabolic pathway ing mararapat king metung a cell.

Anti reng eganaganang catalyst, gagana la reng enzyme kapamilatan ning pamagbaba king activation energy (E_a or ΔG^‡) ning reaction, ania bigla yang mitatas ing salusu ning reaction. Miliun lang besis/ukdung mas matas deng salusu da ring enzyme reaction kesa kareng katumbas a reaction a e me-catalyze. Kalupa da reng aliwang catalyst, e la magigisan deng enzyme kareng reaction a karelang ka-catalyze, at e ra alilan ing equilibrium da reng reaction a reti. Nanupata, ing pamialiwa da reng enzyme kareng aliwang catalyst, misna lang eksaktu o partikular deti. Sasabian dang apat lang libung 4,000 biochemical reaction deng ka-catalyze da reng enzyme.^[3] Ating ditak a RNA molecule, a ausan dang ribozyme, a mag-catalyze kareng reaction, at metung yang maulagang alimbawa ing mapilang dake ning ribosome.^[4]^[5] Magpalto la muring catalysis a kalupa da reng enzyme deng pikudta o artipisial a molecule, a ausan dang artificial enzyme.^[6]

Mayayapektuan kareng aliwang molecule ing aktibidad da reng enzyme. Deng inhibitors molecule lang magpasikan king aktibidad. Enzyme inhibitor la reng dakal a panulu ampong lasun. Miyayapektuan murin ing aktibidad kareng temperatura, paligid a kemikal (chemical environment, alimbawa ing pH), ampo ing tapang o konsentrasiun ning substrate. Gagamitan do king industria deng aliwang enzyme, alimbawa king king pamaglalang kareng antibiotic. Bukud kaniti, gagamit lang enzyme deng aliwang produktung gagamitan king bale (al., gagamitan do reng enzyme kareng biological washing powder a paglasong mantsang protina o taba kareng imalan; enzyme kareng pampalambut karni, bang mas malaguang langutan ing karni).

Lon la murin deti

Dalerayan

↑ Smith AD (Ed) et al. (1997) Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854768-4
↑ Garrett RH, Grisham CM. (1999) Biochemistry, Second Edition Saunders College Publishing. 426-427. ISBN 0-03-022318-0
↑ Bairoch A. (2000). "The ENZYME database in 2000". Nucleic Acids Res 28: 304-305. doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.304. PMID 10592255. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. http://www.expasy.org/NAR/enz00.pdf.
↑ Lilley D (2005). "Structure, folding and mechanisms of ribozymes". Curr Opin Struct Biol 15 (3): 313-23. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2005.05.002. PMID 15919196.
↑ Cech T (2000). "Structural biology. The ribosome is a ribozyme". Science 289 (5481): 878-9. doi:10.1126/science.289.5481.878. PMID 10960319.
↑ Groves JT (1997). "Artificial enzymes. The importance of being selective". Nature 389 (6649): 329-30. doi:10.1038/38602. PMID 9311771.

Karagdagang babasan

Etymology and history

New Beer in an Old Bottle: Eduard Buchner and the Growth of Biochemical Knowledge, edited by Athel Cornish-Bowden and published by Universitat de València (1997): ISBN 84-370-3328-4 Archived Disyembri 13, 2010 at the Wayback Machine, A history of early enzymology.
Williams, Henry Smith, 1863–1943. A History of Science: in Five Volumes. Volume IV: Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences, A textbook from the 19th century.
Kleyn, J. and Hough J. The Microbiology of Brewing. Annual Review of Microbiology (1971) Vol. 25: 583–608

Enzyme structure and mechanism

Fersht, A. Structure and Mechanism in Protein Science: A Guide to Enzyme Catalysis and Protein Folding. W. H. Freeman, 1998 ISBN 0-7167-3268-8
Walsh, C., Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms. W. H. Freeman and Company. 1979. ISBN 0-7167-0070-0
Page, M. I., and Williams, A. (Eds.), 1987. Enzyme Mechanisms. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85186-947-5
Bugg, T. Introduction to Enzyme and Coenzyme Chemistry, 2004, Blackwell Publishing Limited; 2nd edition. ISBN 1-4051-1452-5
Warshel, A., Computer Modeling of Chemical Reactions in enzymes and Solutions John Wiley & Sons Inc. 1991. ISBN 0-471-18440-3

Thermodynamics

Reactions and Enzymes Chapter 10 of On-Line Biology Book at Estrella Mountain Community College.

Kinetics and inhibition

Athel Cornish-Bowden, Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics. (3rd edition), Portland Press (2004), ISBN 1-85578-158-1.
Irwin H. Segel, Enzyme Kinetics: Behavior and Analysis of Rapid Equilibrium and Steady-State Enzyme Systems. Wiley-Interscience; New Ed edition (1993), ISBN 0-471-30309-7.
John W. Baynes, Medical Biochemistry, Elsevier-Mosby; 2th Edition (2005), ISBN 0-7234-3341-0, p. 57.

Function and control of enzymes in the cell

Price, N. and Stevens, L., Fundamentals of Enzymology: Cell and Molecular Biology of Catalytic Proteins Oxford University Press, (1999), ISBN 0-19-850229-X
Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Chapter of the on-line textbook "Introduction to Genes and Disease" from the NCBI.

Enzyme-naming conventions

Enzyme Nomenclature, Recommendations for enzyme names from the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Koshland D. The Enzymes, v. I, ch. 7, Acad. Press, New York, (1959)

Industrial applications

History of industrial enzymes, Article about the history of industrial enzymes, from the late 1900s to the present times.

Suglung palual

Food Portal

Structure/Function of Enzymes, Web tutorial on enzyme structure and function.
Enzymes in diagnosis Archived Juniu 12, 2008 at the Wayback Machine,Role of enzymes in diagnosis of diseases.
Enzyme spotlight Monthly feature at the European Bioinformatics Institute on a selected enzyme.
AMFEP, Association of Manufacturers and Formulators of Enzyme Products
BRENDA database, a comprehensive compilation of information and literature references about all known enzymes; requires payment by commercial users.
Enzyme Structures Database links to the known 3-D structure data of enzymes in the Protein Data Bank.
ExPASy enzyme database, links to Swiss-Prot sequence data, entries in other databases and to related literature searches.
KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Graphical and hypertext-based information on biochemical pathways and enzymes.
MACiE database of enzyme reaction mechanisms.
MetaCyc database of enzymes and metabolic pathways
'Face-to-Face Interview with Sir John Cornforth who was awarded a Nobel Prize for work on stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions Freeview video by the Vega Science Trust
Sigma Aldrich Enzyme Assays by Enzyme Name Archived Oktubri 6, 2008 at the Wayback Machine - 100's of assays sorted by enzyme name.

Template:Food chemistry Template:Enzymes

[1] Smith AD (Ed) et al. (1997) Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854768-4

[2] Garrett RH, Grisham CM. (1999) Biochemistry, Second Edition Saunders College Publishing. 426-427. ISBN 0-03-022318-0

[3] Bairoch A. (2000). "The ENZYME database in 2000". Nucleic Acids Res 28: 304-305. doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.304. PMID 10592255. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. http://www.expasy.org/NAR/enz00.pdf.

[4] Lilley D (2005). "Structure, folding and mechanisms of ribozymes". Curr Opin Struct Biol 15 (3): 313-23. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2005.05.002. PMID 15919196.

[5] Cech T (2000). "Structural biology. The ribosome is a ribozyme". Science 289 (5481): 878-9. doi:10.1126/science.289.5481.878. PMID 10960319.

[6] Groves JT (1997). "Artificial enzymes. The importance of being selective". Nature 389 (6649): 329-30. doi:10.1038/38602. PMID 9311771.

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