Stable carbon isotopic fractionation during carbonate precipitation induced by environmentally en... more Stable carbon isotopic fractionation during carbonate precipitation induced by environmentally enriched heterotrophic halophilic microorganims was experimentally investigated under various salinity (% 4.5, %8, %15) conditions at 30 ◦C. Halophilic heterotrophic microorganims were enriched from a hypersaline Lake Acigöl located in SW Turkey (Balci et al.,2015) and later used for the precipitation experiments (solid and liquid medium). The carbonate precipitates had relatively high δ13C values (−4.3 to −16.9 h compared to the δ13C values of the organic compounds that ranged from−27.5 to−25.4 hȦt salinity of 4.5 % δ13C values of carbonate ranged from -4.9 h to -10.9 h with a 13C-enrichment factor of +20 to +16 h higher than the δ13C values of the associated DOC (-27.5) . At salinity 8 % δ13C values of carbonate ranged from -16.3 h to -11.7 h with a 13C-enrichment factor of+11.3 to+15.9 h higher than the δ13C values of the associated DOC. The respected values for 15 % salinity ranged fro...
Influence of Mg/Ca ratios on microbially induced carbonate mineralogy were investigated by series... more Influence of Mg/Ca ratios on microbially induced carbonate mineralogy were investigated by series of experiments carried out under various environmental conditions (Mg/Ca ratio, temperature and salinity). Halophilic bacterial cultures used for biomineralization experiments were isolated from hypersaline Lake Acıgöl (Denizli, SW Turkey), displaying extreme water chemistry with an average pH around 8.6 (Balci eta l.,2015). Enriched bacterial culture used in the experiments consisted of Halomonas saccharevitans strain AJ275, Halomonas alimentaria strain L7B; Idiomarina sp. TBZ29, 98% Idiomarina seosensis strain CL-SP19. Biomineralization experiments were set up using above enriched culture with Mg/Ca ratios of 0.05, 1, 4 and 15 and salinity of 8% and 15% experiments at 30oC and 10oC. Additionally, long-term biomineralization experiments were set up to last for a year, for Mg/Ca=4 and Mg/Ca=15 experiments at 30oC. For each experimental condition abiotic experiments were also conducted. ...
Turkiye’nin guneybatisinda Goller Yoresinde yer alan Salda Golu, ofiyolitik kayaclar uzerinde gel... more Turkiye’nin guneybatisinda Goller Yoresinde yer alan Salda Golu, ofiyolitik kayaclar uzerinde gelisen kapali sistem asiri alkali bir goldur. Ilk defa bu calismayla Salda Golu’nun jeomikrobiyolojisi arastirilarak, goldeki guncel stromatolit olusumlarina etkisi molekuler ekolojik, mikrobiyolojik ve jeokimyasal bilim dallarini iceren multidisipliner bir yaklasimla incelenmistir. Yeni nesil sekanslama (NSG) sonuclari Salda Gol’u prokaryotik populasyonunun % 97.3’nun bakteri domainine; % 2.7’sinin ise arkea domainine ait oldugunu ortaya koymustur. Dominant bakteri siniflari Gammaprotobacteria (%39.6), Alphaprotobacteria (%25.6), Bacilli (%23.7), Siyanobakteri (%5.3) ve Betaproteobacteria (%2.0), Actinobacteria (% 1.77); arkea siniflari ise Methanobacteria (%76.1), Halobacteria (%21.4) ve Thaumarchaeota (%1.4) olarak belirlenmistir. Guncel stromatolit dokusu uzerinde yapilan mikroskop calismalari, hidromanyezit cokellerinin siyanobakteri ve halobacteria sinifina ait hucre disi organik mad...
Abstract The recent carbonate precipitation occurs in Lake Acigol, a hypersaline playa lake. Eluc... more Abstract The recent carbonate precipitation occurs in Lake Acigol, a hypersaline playa lake. Elucidating precipitation mechanisms of carbonate minerals under particularly supersaturated ionic solution at low temperature may hold key understanding to recognize microbial fingerprints throughout the Earth history. In the presented study abiotic and microbial factors controlling carbonate precipitation mechanisms are investigated by using geochemical, isotopic and chemical approaches. Our data demonstrated that aragonite, calcite and dolomite are readily precipitated in oxic column of lake water in decreasing order. Major metabolites profile of pore water showed that carbonate alkalinity and pH increased by microbial activity seems to be insignificant in the lake sediments to support precipitation. On the contrary a positive correlation between δ13C and δ18O values of carbonates suggest that carbonate super-saturation occurs as a result of evaporation and associated degassing of CO2in the lake basin. However, a putative microbial role such as binding of cations to microbial cell wall or EPS to overcome kinetic inhibitors (e.g Mg2+) is likely possible in the lake as a driving carbonate precipitation mechanism. Overall, the present study demonstrated that carbonate precipitation in the lake is the result of complex players, such as lake water chemistry, ionic interactions, evaporation and EPS-organic compounds (e.g EPS) in addition to kinetic microbial processes. The data also provide a fundamental insight which is that revealing of changes in carbonate mineralogy of the lake, strongly influenced by evaporation, would provide significant insights about paleoclimatic conditions of the region.
Waste and lithological rocks were subjected to aqueous leaching, acid base accounting (ABA), and ... more Waste and lithological rocks were subjected to aqueous leaching, acid base accounting (ABA), and net acid generation (NAG) tests, and detailed mineralogical investigations were conducted to predict acid mine drainage (AMD) formation at Turkey’s largest historical copper deposits. The field water chemistry from springs and seeps on the mine site were compared with the static and long term aqueous leaching test results. During the ABA, NAG and long term paste pH tests, ore rich and ore bearing wastes showed a paste pH <4, implying their acid generating nature. The relationship between net neutralization potential and acid producing potential revealed that waste rocks with a low sulfur content were generally low potential sources of AMD. Consistent with the static test results, aqueous leaching tests revealed that greater concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Co and As were released from the wastes rich in pyrite. The test methods all generally agreed that the ore-rich wastes (O, P1C, P1D) were the main sources of AMD and metal contamination in the district.ZusammenfassungMineralhaltiger Abraum und Nebengesteine waren Gegenstand von wässrigen Eluatversuchen, Säure-Basen-Berechnungen (ABA) und Net Generation Tests (NAG) sowie detaillierter mineralogischer Untersuchungen, um Vorhersagen zur Bildung von säurehaltigen Bergbau-Abwässern (AMD) in der größten historischen Kupfer-Lagerstätte der Türkei zu treffen. Die Chemie der Oberflächenwässer von Quellen und der Sickerwässer aus dem Bergbau wurden mit den Ergebnissen der statischen und der Langzeit-Auswaschungstest verglichen. Während der ABA, NAG und der Langzeit-Paste-pH-Tests, zeigten erzreiche und Erz-führende Abfälle einen Paste-pH Wert <4, die auf ihre Säure produzierenden Eigenschaften schließen lassen. Die Beziehung zwischen dem Netto Neutralisationspotential (NNP) und dem Säure produzierenden Potential (APP) offenbarten, dass Abraum mit geringen Schwefelgehalten grundsätzlich eine Quelle mit geringem Potenzial für AMD ist. Übereinstimmend mit den statischen Testergebnissen und den Eluatversuchen in wässrigen Lösungen, zeigten die Ergebnisse dass größere Konzentrationen von FE, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Co und As in pyritreichen Abfällen freigesetzt wurden. Alle Testmethoden stimmten darin überein, dass die erzreichen Abraummassen (0, P1C, P1D) die Hauptquellen für säurehaltige Abwasser (AMD) und Kontaminationen mit Metallen im Distrikt sind.ResumenLos residues y rocas litológicas se sometieron a ensayos de lixiviación acuosa, balance ácido/base (ABA) y de generación neta de ácido (NAG) e investigaciones mineralógicas detalladas se realizaron para predecir la formación de drenaje ácido de mina (AMD) en los mayores depósitos de cobre en Turquía. La química del agua de los manantiales y las filtraciones en el sitio de la mina se compararon con los resultados de la prueba de lixiviación acuosa a largo plazo y estática. En los ensayos ABA, NAG y de medida de pH a largo plazo, residuos ricos en mineral y el mineral mostraron un pH <4, lo que implica su naturaleza generadora de ácido. La relación entre el potencial neto de neutralización (NNP) y el potencial de producción de ácido (APP) mostraron que las rocas residuales con un bajo contenido en azufre fueron bajas fuentes potenciales de AMD. Coincidiendo con los resultados de los ensayos estáticos, los ensayos de lixiviación acuosa mostraron que las mayores concentraciones de Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Co y As fueron liberadas por los residuos ricos en pirita. Los métodos de ensayos coincidieron en que los residuos ricos en mineral (O, P1C, P1D) eran las principales fuentes de AMD y de contaminación con metales en el distrito.抽象采用淋滤、酸碱平衡(ABA)和净产酸能力(NAG)试验及矿物学分析的方法预测土耳其最大历史遗留铜矿废物及岩石的酸性矿山废水(AMD)形成。对比了野外泉水和渗水的水化学特征与静态及长期淋滤水试验结果。在ABA、NAG和长期糊状pH试验期间,富矿和含矿废物的糊状pH小于4,表明其产酸潜质。净中和潜力(NNP)与产酸潜力(APP)关系说明低硫废矿石为低潜力酸性废水(AMD)释放源。与静态试验结果一致,动态淋滤试验揭示富含黄铁矿废矿石的铁、铜、镍、镉、钴和砷淋释放浓度更大。由系列试验获得的一致结论是富矿废矿石(岩样O、P1C和P1D)为主要产酸源(AMD)和金属污染释放源。
O and S isotope ratios of sulfate and Implications for AMD generation A case study: Balıkesir-Bal... more O and S isotope ratios of sulfate and Implications for AMD generation A case study: Balıkesir-Balya Pb-Zn Mine Waste Site AMD, known as one of the most common environmental problems, occurs as a result of weathering of sulfide minerals at surface conditions and contain high metal concentrations and acidity.Primary witnesses of the oxidative weathering of sulfide minerals are S and O elements participating the oxidation reactions . Therefore, O and S isotope ratios of sulfate generated via oxidation of sulfide minerals is widely used to elucidate sulfur sources and oxidation mechanims of the sulfur minerals. In the current study, sulfur sources and sulfur cycles which generates AMD in Balya Pb-Zn Mine waste site has been investigated by using O and S isotope ratios of sulfate. For this purpose, sulfide minerals (pyrite, sfalerite, galena and sulfur) , dissolved sulfate, water soluble sulfate and secondary sulfate minerals were collected for S and O isotopes analyses. In addition, δ 18
This study investigated comparative leaching characteristics of acidophilic bacterial strains und... more This study investigated comparative leaching characteristics of acidophilic bacterial strains under shifting environmental conditions at proposed two stages as formation stage or post acidic mine drainage (AMD) generation. At the first stage, initial reactions associated with AMD generation was simulated in shaking flasks containing massive pyritic chalcopyrite ore by using a pure strain Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and a mixed culture of Acidithiobacillus sp. mostly dominated by A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans at 26oC. At the second stage, long term bioleaching experiments were carried out with the same strains at 26oC and 40oC to investigate the leaching characteristics of pyritic chalcopyrite ore under elevated heavy metal and temperature conditions. During the ex-periments, physicochemical characteristics (e.i. Eh, pH, EC) metal (Fe, Co, Cu, Zn) and sulfate concentration of the experimental solution were monitored during 180 days. Significant acid generation and sulfate rel...
Küre volcanic massive sulfide deposits have been operated for centuries for its copper ore. In ad... more Küre volcanic massive sulfide deposits have been operated for centuries for its copper ore. In addition to the past and current mining heaps, sulfur moiety of the ore bearing rocks are exposed to the atmosphere and oxidized. As a result of those oxidation processes, acid and metals are released to environment. In this study, environmental effects of Küre massive sulfide deposits (MSD) are being investigated using geochemical and geomicrobiological approaches. During the field study water and stream sediment samples were collected from the Zemberekler River, around the MSD of Küre. pH values of water samples determined insitu ranges from 3,9 to 4,4. In addition, ore (n=3) and ore bearing rocks (n=3) and water samples (n=5) were collected from the currently operating Bakibaba underground mining tunnels. Groundwaters' pH values range from 2,89to 8,28. Moreover, water and sediment samples were collected from the mining effluent waste dam. All the water and sediment samples collected...
Covering a wide range on the earth's crust, oxidation of metal sulfide minerals have vital en... more Covering a wide range on the earth's crust, oxidation of metal sulfide minerals have vital environmental impacts on the aquatic environment, causing one of the major environmental problems known as acid mine drainage (AMD). Located in the Kastamonu province of the Western Black Sea region, Kure district is one of the major copper mining sites in Turkey. Mining activities in the area heads back to ancient times, such that operation is thought to be started with the Roman Empire. Currently, only the underground mining tunnels of Bakibaba and A¸ıköy are being operated. Thus, mining heaps and ores of those pyritic deposits have been exposed to the oxidative conditions for so long. As a result of weathering processes of past and recent heaps of the Kure volcanic massive sulfide deposits in addition to the main ore mineral (chalcopyrite), significant amount of metals, especially Cu, released into the environment creating undesirable environmental conditions. In order to elucidate Cu r...
Küre volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ore deposits have been mined for its copper content for o... more Küre volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ore deposits have been mined for its copper content for over centuries. However, there is no published data on AMD around Küre VMS ore deposits. This study investigates the sources of acid producing mechanisms in Küre, using field and laboratorial approaches. Geochemical static tests to predict AMD generation are widely applied to mining sites for assessing potential environmental consequences. However, there are well known limitations of these methods particularly resulting from assumptions used for calculations. To test the feasibility of the methods to predict potential of AMD generation of Küre (VMS) copper deposits, for the first time, acid production and neutralization potential of various mine wastes of Küre (VMS) copper deposits were determined. To test our static test results, in situ and laboratory geochemical data were also obtained from the groundwater discharges from Bakibaba underground mining tunnels. Feasibility study showed th...
Lake Bafa which is located in Menderes basin is one of the largest inland lakes (water depth of 2... more Lake Bafa which is located in Menderes basin is one of the largest inland lakes (water depth of 20m) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Within the aim of the study a short core (BAF36) was retrived and studied in 2cm resolution. Lithostratigraphic definitions were performed according to the macro characteristics such as color, water content and fossil contents. Basically, the total organic matter contributions (TOC), grain size distributions and initial elemental enrichment signals, such as inorganic carbon accumulations were investigated. The total inorganic carbon contents were measured as the percentages of volumetric amounts of C02. Organic matter preservation processes were also determinated by a function of grain size variations. Grain size analysis was performed using sedigraph analyser for clay and silt size fractions and sieve method used for determination of coarser grain distributions. Sediments contain moderate to high organic matter content, within the TOC range of 3....
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans used to leach out metals from the waste printed circuit boards (PCB... more Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans used to leach out metals from the waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) that is collected from production flaw samples. The experimental results demonstrate that different percentages of nickel, copper, zinc, silver and gold solubilized into the leaching solution from PCBs. The bioleaching was carried out in an incubator shaker (180 rpm) at 30C. The change of both pH and Eh during the bioleaching of PCBs was monitored. pH of the system changed from 3.4 to 6.0 after 8 days and Ni and Zn was dissolved effectively, while the dissolution of Cu, Ag and Au was limited. BASKILI DEVRE KARTLARINDAN METALLERİN ACIDITHIOBACILLUS THIOOXIDANS YARDIMIYLA BİYOLİÇİ ÖZET Bu çalışmada, üretim hatası bulunan hurda baskılı devre kartlarında metallerin çözümlendirilmesi amacıyla Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans bakterileri kullanılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar baskılı devre kartlarından farklı oranlarda nikel, bakır, çinko, gümüş ve altın çözümlendirilebildiğini göstermiştir. Biy...
Stable carbon isotopic fractionation during carbonate precipitation induced by environmentally en... more Stable carbon isotopic fractionation during carbonate precipitation induced by environmentally enriched heterotrophic halophilic microorganims was experimentally investigated under various salinity (% 4.5, %8, %15) conditions at 30 ◦C. Halophilic heterotrophic microorganims were enriched from a hypersaline Lake Acigöl located in SW Turkey (Balci et al.,2015) and later used for the precipitation experiments (solid and liquid medium). The carbonate precipitates had relatively high δ13C values (−4.3 to −16.9 h compared to the δ13C values of the organic compounds that ranged from−27.5 to−25.4 hȦt salinity of 4.5 % δ13C values of carbonate ranged from -4.9 h to -10.9 h with a 13C-enrichment factor of +20 to +16 h higher than the δ13C values of the associated DOC (-27.5) . At salinity 8 % δ13C values of carbonate ranged from -16.3 h to -11.7 h with a 13C-enrichment factor of+11.3 to+15.9 h higher than the δ13C values of the associated DOC. The respected values for 15 % salinity ranged fro...
Influence of Mg/Ca ratios on microbially induced carbonate mineralogy were investigated by series... more Influence of Mg/Ca ratios on microbially induced carbonate mineralogy were investigated by series of experiments carried out under various environmental conditions (Mg/Ca ratio, temperature and salinity). Halophilic bacterial cultures used for biomineralization experiments were isolated from hypersaline Lake Acıgöl (Denizli, SW Turkey), displaying extreme water chemistry with an average pH around 8.6 (Balci eta l.,2015). Enriched bacterial culture used in the experiments consisted of Halomonas saccharevitans strain AJ275, Halomonas alimentaria strain L7B; Idiomarina sp. TBZ29, 98% Idiomarina seosensis strain CL-SP19. Biomineralization experiments were set up using above enriched culture with Mg/Ca ratios of 0.05, 1, 4 and 15 and salinity of 8% and 15% experiments at 30oC and 10oC. Additionally, long-term biomineralization experiments were set up to last for a year, for Mg/Ca=4 and Mg/Ca=15 experiments at 30oC. For each experimental condition abiotic experiments were also conducted. ...
Turkiye’nin guneybatisinda Goller Yoresinde yer alan Salda Golu, ofiyolitik kayaclar uzerinde gel... more Turkiye’nin guneybatisinda Goller Yoresinde yer alan Salda Golu, ofiyolitik kayaclar uzerinde gelisen kapali sistem asiri alkali bir goldur. Ilk defa bu calismayla Salda Golu’nun jeomikrobiyolojisi arastirilarak, goldeki guncel stromatolit olusumlarina etkisi molekuler ekolojik, mikrobiyolojik ve jeokimyasal bilim dallarini iceren multidisipliner bir yaklasimla incelenmistir. Yeni nesil sekanslama (NSG) sonuclari Salda Gol’u prokaryotik populasyonunun % 97.3’nun bakteri domainine; % 2.7’sinin ise arkea domainine ait oldugunu ortaya koymustur. Dominant bakteri siniflari Gammaprotobacteria (%39.6), Alphaprotobacteria (%25.6), Bacilli (%23.7), Siyanobakteri (%5.3) ve Betaproteobacteria (%2.0), Actinobacteria (% 1.77); arkea siniflari ise Methanobacteria (%76.1), Halobacteria (%21.4) ve Thaumarchaeota (%1.4) olarak belirlenmistir. Guncel stromatolit dokusu uzerinde yapilan mikroskop calismalari, hidromanyezit cokellerinin siyanobakteri ve halobacteria sinifina ait hucre disi organik mad...
Abstract The recent carbonate precipitation occurs in Lake Acigol, a hypersaline playa lake. Eluc... more Abstract The recent carbonate precipitation occurs in Lake Acigol, a hypersaline playa lake. Elucidating precipitation mechanisms of carbonate minerals under particularly supersaturated ionic solution at low temperature may hold key understanding to recognize microbial fingerprints throughout the Earth history. In the presented study abiotic and microbial factors controlling carbonate precipitation mechanisms are investigated by using geochemical, isotopic and chemical approaches. Our data demonstrated that aragonite, calcite and dolomite are readily precipitated in oxic column of lake water in decreasing order. Major metabolites profile of pore water showed that carbonate alkalinity and pH increased by microbial activity seems to be insignificant in the lake sediments to support precipitation. On the contrary a positive correlation between δ13C and δ18O values of carbonates suggest that carbonate super-saturation occurs as a result of evaporation and associated degassing of CO2in the lake basin. However, a putative microbial role such as binding of cations to microbial cell wall or EPS to overcome kinetic inhibitors (e.g Mg2+) is likely possible in the lake as a driving carbonate precipitation mechanism. Overall, the present study demonstrated that carbonate precipitation in the lake is the result of complex players, such as lake water chemistry, ionic interactions, evaporation and EPS-organic compounds (e.g EPS) in addition to kinetic microbial processes. The data also provide a fundamental insight which is that revealing of changes in carbonate mineralogy of the lake, strongly influenced by evaporation, would provide significant insights about paleoclimatic conditions of the region.
Waste and lithological rocks were subjected to aqueous leaching, acid base accounting (ABA), and ... more Waste and lithological rocks were subjected to aqueous leaching, acid base accounting (ABA), and net acid generation (NAG) tests, and detailed mineralogical investigations were conducted to predict acid mine drainage (AMD) formation at Turkey’s largest historical copper deposits. The field water chemistry from springs and seeps on the mine site were compared with the static and long term aqueous leaching test results. During the ABA, NAG and long term paste pH tests, ore rich and ore bearing wastes showed a paste pH <4, implying their acid generating nature. The relationship between net neutralization potential and acid producing potential revealed that waste rocks with a low sulfur content were generally low potential sources of AMD. Consistent with the static test results, aqueous leaching tests revealed that greater concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Co and As were released from the wastes rich in pyrite. The test methods all generally agreed that the ore-rich wastes (O, P1C, P1D) were the main sources of AMD and metal contamination in the district.ZusammenfassungMineralhaltiger Abraum und Nebengesteine waren Gegenstand von wässrigen Eluatversuchen, Säure-Basen-Berechnungen (ABA) und Net Generation Tests (NAG) sowie detaillierter mineralogischer Untersuchungen, um Vorhersagen zur Bildung von säurehaltigen Bergbau-Abwässern (AMD) in der größten historischen Kupfer-Lagerstätte der Türkei zu treffen. Die Chemie der Oberflächenwässer von Quellen und der Sickerwässer aus dem Bergbau wurden mit den Ergebnissen der statischen und der Langzeit-Auswaschungstest verglichen. Während der ABA, NAG und der Langzeit-Paste-pH-Tests, zeigten erzreiche und Erz-führende Abfälle einen Paste-pH Wert <4, die auf ihre Säure produzierenden Eigenschaften schließen lassen. Die Beziehung zwischen dem Netto Neutralisationspotential (NNP) und dem Säure produzierenden Potential (APP) offenbarten, dass Abraum mit geringen Schwefelgehalten grundsätzlich eine Quelle mit geringem Potenzial für AMD ist. Übereinstimmend mit den statischen Testergebnissen und den Eluatversuchen in wässrigen Lösungen, zeigten die Ergebnisse dass größere Konzentrationen von FE, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Co und As in pyritreichen Abfällen freigesetzt wurden. Alle Testmethoden stimmten darin überein, dass die erzreichen Abraummassen (0, P1C, P1D) die Hauptquellen für säurehaltige Abwasser (AMD) und Kontaminationen mit Metallen im Distrikt sind.ResumenLos residues y rocas litológicas se sometieron a ensayos de lixiviación acuosa, balance ácido/base (ABA) y de generación neta de ácido (NAG) e investigaciones mineralógicas detalladas se realizaron para predecir la formación de drenaje ácido de mina (AMD) en los mayores depósitos de cobre en Turquía. La química del agua de los manantiales y las filtraciones en el sitio de la mina se compararon con los resultados de la prueba de lixiviación acuosa a largo plazo y estática. En los ensayos ABA, NAG y de medida de pH a largo plazo, residuos ricos en mineral y el mineral mostraron un pH <4, lo que implica su naturaleza generadora de ácido. La relación entre el potencial neto de neutralización (NNP) y el potencial de producción de ácido (APP) mostraron que las rocas residuales con un bajo contenido en azufre fueron bajas fuentes potenciales de AMD. Coincidiendo con los resultados de los ensayos estáticos, los ensayos de lixiviación acuosa mostraron que las mayores concentraciones de Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Co y As fueron liberadas por los residuos ricos en pirita. Los métodos de ensayos coincidieron en que los residuos ricos en mineral (O, P1C, P1D) eran las principales fuentes de AMD y de contaminación con metales en el distrito.抽象采用淋滤、酸碱平衡(ABA)和净产酸能力(NAG)试验及矿物学分析的方法预测土耳其最大历史遗留铜矿废物及岩石的酸性矿山废水(AMD)形成。对比了野外泉水和渗水的水化学特征与静态及长期淋滤水试验结果。在ABA、NAG和长期糊状pH试验期间,富矿和含矿废物的糊状pH小于4,表明其产酸潜质。净中和潜力(NNP)与产酸潜力(APP)关系说明低硫废矿石为低潜力酸性废水(AMD)释放源。与静态试验结果一致,动态淋滤试验揭示富含黄铁矿废矿石的铁、铜、镍、镉、钴和砷淋释放浓度更大。由系列试验获得的一致结论是富矿废矿石(岩样O、P1C和P1D)为主要产酸源(AMD)和金属污染释放源。
O and S isotope ratios of sulfate and Implications for AMD generation A case study: Balıkesir-Bal... more O and S isotope ratios of sulfate and Implications for AMD generation A case study: Balıkesir-Balya Pb-Zn Mine Waste Site AMD, known as one of the most common environmental problems, occurs as a result of weathering of sulfide minerals at surface conditions and contain high metal concentrations and acidity.Primary witnesses of the oxidative weathering of sulfide minerals are S and O elements participating the oxidation reactions . Therefore, O and S isotope ratios of sulfate generated via oxidation of sulfide minerals is widely used to elucidate sulfur sources and oxidation mechanims of the sulfur minerals. In the current study, sulfur sources and sulfur cycles which generates AMD in Balya Pb-Zn Mine waste site has been investigated by using O and S isotope ratios of sulfate. For this purpose, sulfide minerals (pyrite, sfalerite, galena and sulfur) , dissolved sulfate, water soluble sulfate and secondary sulfate minerals were collected for S and O isotopes analyses. In addition, δ 18
This study investigated comparative leaching characteristics of acidophilic bacterial strains und... more This study investigated comparative leaching characteristics of acidophilic bacterial strains under shifting environmental conditions at proposed two stages as formation stage or post acidic mine drainage (AMD) generation. At the first stage, initial reactions associated with AMD generation was simulated in shaking flasks containing massive pyritic chalcopyrite ore by using a pure strain Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and a mixed culture of Acidithiobacillus sp. mostly dominated by A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans at 26oC. At the second stage, long term bioleaching experiments were carried out with the same strains at 26oC and 40oC to investigate the leaching characteristics of pyritic chalcopyrite ore under elevated heavy metal and temperature conditions. During the ex-periments, physicochemical characteristics (e.i. Eh, pH, EC) metal (Fe, Co, Cu, Zn) and sulfate concentration of the experimental solution were monitored during 180 days. Significant acid generation and sulfate rel...
Küre volcanic massive sulfide deposits have been operated for centuries for its copper ore. In ad... more Küre volcanic massive sulfide deposits have been operated for centuries for its copper ore. In addition to the past and current mining heaps, sulfur moiety of the ore bearing rocks are exposed to the atmosphere and oxidized. As a result of those oxidation processes, acid and metals are released to environment. In this study, environmental effects of Küre massive sulfide deposits (MSD) are being investigated using geochemical and geomicrobiological approaches. During the field study water and stream sediment samples were collected from the Zemberekler River, around the MSD of Küre. pH values of water samples determined insitu ranges from 3,9 to 4,4. In addition, ore (n=3) and ore bearing rocks (n=3) and water samples (n=5) were collected from the currently operating Bakibaba underground mining tunnels. Groundwaters' pH values range from 2,89to 8,28. Moreover, water and sediment samples were collected from the mining effluent waste dam. All the water and sediment samples collected...
Covering a wide range on the earth's crust, oxidation of metal sulfide minerals have vital en... more Covering a wide range on the earth's crust, oxidation of metal sulfide minerals have vital environmental impacts on the aquatic environment, causing one of the major environmental problems known as acid mine drainage (AMD). Located in the Kastamonu province of the Western Black Sea region, Kure district is one of the major copper mining sites in Turkey. Mining activities in the area heads back to ancient times, such that operation is thought to be started with the Roman Empire. Currently, only the underground mining tunnels of Bakibaba and A¸ıköy are being operated. Thus, mining heaps and ores of those pyritic deposits have been exposed to the oxidative conditions for so long. As a result of weathering processes of past and recent heaps of the Kure volcanic massive sulfide deposits in addition to the main ore mineral (chalcopyrite), significant amount of metals, especially Cu, released into the environment creating undesirable environmental conditions. In order to elucidate Cu r...
Küre volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ore deposits have been mined for its copper content for o... more Küre volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ore deposits have been mined for its copper content for over centuries. However, there is no published data on AMD around Küre VMS ore deposits. This study investigates the sources of acid producing mechanisms in Küre, using field and laboratorial approaches. Geochemical static tests to predict AMD generation are widely applied to mining sites for assessing potential environmental consequences. However, there are well known limitations of these methods particularly resulting from assumptions used for calculations. To test the feasibility of the methods to predict potential of AMD generation of Küre (VMS) copper deposits, for the first time, acid production and neutralization potential of various mine wastes of Küre (VMS) copper deposits were determined. To test our static test results, in situ and laboratory geochemical data were also obtained from the groundwater discharges from Bakibaba underground mining tunnels. Feasibility study showed th...
Lake Bafa which is located in Menderes basin is one of the largest inland lakes (water depth of 2... more Lake Bafa which is located in Menderes basin is one of the largest inland lakes (water depth of 20m) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Within the aim of the study a short core (BAF36) was retrived and studied in 2cm resolution. Lithostratigraphic definitions were performed according to the macro characteristics such as color, water content and fossil contents. Basically, the total organic matter contributions (TOC), grain size distributions and initial elemental enrichment signals, such as inorganic carbon accumulations were investigated. The total inorganic carbon contents were measured as the percentages of volumetric amounts of C02. Organic matter preservation processes were also determinated by a function of grain size variations. Grain size analysis was performed using sedigraph analyser for clay and silt size fractions and sieve method used for determination of coarser grain distributions. Sediments contain moderate to high organic matter content, within the TOC range of 3....
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans used to leach out metals from the waste printed circuit boards (PCB... more Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans used to leach out metals from the waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) that is collected from production flaw samples. The experimental results demonstrate that different percentages of nickel, copper, zinc, silver and gold solubilized into the leaching solution from PCBs. The bioleaching was carried out in an incubator shaker (180 rpm) at 30C. The change of both pH and Eh during the bioleaching of PCBs was monitored. pH of the system changed from 3.4 to 6.0 after 8 days and Ni and Zn was dissolved effectively, while the dissolution of Cu, Ag and Au was limited. BASKILI DEVRE KARTLARINDAN METALLERİN ACIDITHIOBACILLUS THIOOXIDANS YARDIMIYLA BİYOLİÇİ ÖZET Bu çalışmada, üretim hatası bulunan hurda baskılı devre kartlarında metallerin çözümlendirilmesi amacıyla Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans bakterileri kullanılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar baskılı devre kartlarından farklı oranlarda nikel, bakır, çinko, gümüş ve altın çözümlendirilebildiğini göstermiştir. Biy...
Uploads
Papers by Cansu Demirel