Papers by Ghazaal Keyhanfar
In this essay, I explore how the concept of "change" can be explained by each of these two founda... more In this essay, I explore how the concept of "change" can be explained by each of these two foundational premises: postulating the existence of substance and refuting it. Substance is defined as an independent entity or the essential nature underlying phenomena and bearer of properties and attributes, which is subject to changes and accidents. In this regard, I look at Parmenides, Aristotle, and Buddhism, also briefly allude to Heraclitus, and dig into their relation to each other. Parmenides asserts that we cannot know and hence talk about "not-being". Therefore, talking about change is contradictory, even logically impossible, for it implies that some thing or feature that has come into existence has not been before the happening of change, or some object or property that existed now no longer exists or has passed away, hence involves not-being.
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Drafts by Ghazaal Keyhanfar
This is an adventure. I put forward the idea that the female storyteller in The Book of One Thous... more This is an adventure. I put forward the idea that the female storyteller in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights, Shahrzad, is a Middle Eastern mythological equivalent of the god Eros in the ancient Greek mythology as well as the idea that the ancient Greek poetess Sappho had predicted the birth of fictional Shahrzad as the god Eros. Just as Eros shoots arrows to humans to make them fall in love with or desire for things or humans other than and beyond themselves, Shahrzad throws her stories to king Shahryar (and us) to make him/us fall in love with her stories by suspending/deterring the reach of his desire to hear/to know more. This idea occurred to me through reading the book eros the bittersweet (with small letters), Anne Carson’s literary-philosophical investigation of the concept of eros from its emergence and mythologization/divinization as a paradoxical god in ancient Greek lyric poetry, mostly Sappho’s, to later classical period literary and philosophical meditation on the concept, particularly by Socrates.
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Islam arose in the seventh century. History has recorded a huge number of Muslim scientists
betwe... more Islam arose in the seventh century. History has recorded a huge number of Muslim scientists
between the eighth and the sixteenth century, who contributed to the civilizations that flourished in that
era. Among them were astronomers and astrophysicists, chemists and alchemists, mathematicians,
physicists, biologists, architects, geographers, etc. However, a great mystery which has engaged many
contemporary scholars is that why the progress stopped. Why while Europe, after experiencing
Renaissance, rapidly and increasingly developed in science and technology and, as a result, prospered
materially, Islamic civilizations—mainly the Middle East, ceased to thrive?
This essay is concerned with exploring the cause of decline of science and philosophy in Islamic
world after a period, the three centuries of which has come to be called the Islamic Golden Age. In
order to do so, first I need to demonstrate that there actually was a Golden Age, that is, a period of rise
of great Muslim scientists and philosophers in the Muslim civilizations, which is taken to refer to the
region which today is called the Middle East as well as the Medieval Muslim region of what is now
Spain. These will be discussed in Part One. In Part Two, some of the most important proposed
explanations for the decline will be looked at.
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Papers by Ghazaal Keyhanfar
Drafts by Ghazaal Keyhanfar
between the eighth and the sixteenth century, who contributed to the civilizations that flourished in that
era. Among them were astronomers and astrophysicists, chemists and alchemists, mathematicians,
physicists, biologists, architects, geographers, etc. However, a great mystery which has engaged many
contemporary scholars is that why the progress stopped. Why while Europe, after experiencing
Renaissance, rapidly and increasingly developed in science and technology and, as a result, prospered
materially, Islamic civilizations—mainly the Middle East, ceased to thrive?
This essay is concerned with exploring the cause of decline of science and philosophy in Islamic
world after a period, the three centuries of which has come to be called the Islamic Golden Age. In
order to do so, first I need to demonstrate that there actually was a Golden Age, that is, a period of rise
of great Muslim scientists and philosophers in the Muslim civilizations, which is taken to refer to the
region which today is called the Middle East as well as the Medieval Muslim region of what is now
Spain. These will be discussed in Part One. In Part Two, some of the most important proposed
explanations for the decline will be looked at.
between the eighth and the sixteenth century, who contributed to the civilizations that flourished in that
era. Among them were astronomers and astrophysicists, chemists and alchemists, mathematicians,
physicists, biologists, architects, geographers, etc. However, a great mystery which has engaged many
contemporary scholars is that why the progress stopped. Why while Europe, after experiencing
Renaissance, rapidly and increasingly developed in science and technology and, as a result, prospered
materially, Islamic civilizations—mainly the Middle East, ceased to thrive?
This essay is concerned with exploring the cause of decline of science and philosophy in Islamic
world after a period, the three centuries of which has come to be called the Islamic Golden Age. In
order to do so, first I need to demonstrate that there actually was a Golden Age, that is, a period of rise
of great Muslim scientists and philosophers in the Muslim civilizations, which is taken to refer to the
region which today is called the Middle East as well as the Medieval Muslim region of what is now
Spain. These will be discussed in Part One. In Part Two, some of the most important proposed
explanations for the decline will be looked at.