Papers by Kseniya Kolobova
Проблемы археологии, этнографии, антропологии Сибири и сопредельных территорий, 2021
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Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research, 2018
Paleolithic sites in Altai became widely known not only due to the unique paleoanthropological re... more Paleolithic sites in Altai became widely known not only due to the unique paleoanthropological remains, but also because of the discovery of the traces of the non-utilitarian activity of the earliest ancient humans. In the Initial Upper Paleolithic complexes from the Denisova Cave, a numerous assemblage of ornaments and tools made of bone and antler was discovered. Up to the latest research stage the finds of bone tools were unique among the regional Initial and Early Upper Paleolithic. This situation changed with the discovery in the Upper Paleolithic assemblages from the Strashnaya cave of bone tools including various pendants, needles, points and perforators. One of the most impressive part of the bone industry from the Strashnaya cave are two bone needles. The first proximal-medial fragment of the needle with the eyelet was found at the bottom part of the Upper Paleolithic deposits (layer 33). The second find, a distal fragment, originated from the layer 31а in the upper part of the profile. The main stages of both needles manufacture and utilization were reconstructed. Taking in account the available radiocarbon dates, bone needles from the Strashnaya cave fit into a chronological interval of 44 to 19 kyr. A comparison of the bone needles with the needles from the Paleolithic sites from nearby territories made it possible to reveal analogies in the Initial and Early Upper Paleolithic complexes of the Denisova Cave, the Talbaga site (Transbaikal region ), and in the assemblages from Middle Yenisei Upper Paleolithic sites (Lystinka, Afontova Gora-2
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Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, 2022
Research in recent years has demonstrated complex Neanderthal activity, comparable to that of ana... more Research in recent years has demonstrated complex Neanderthal activity, comparable to that of anatomically modern humans, in the context of bone tool production, pigments, adhesive compositions and non-utilitarian activities. The most numerous and widespread bone tools in Eurasian and African Middle Paleolithic are retouchers, which have been investigated for more than a century. The paper discusses various research approaches to the study of bone retouchers and the scientific results obtained throughout the history of the study of these tools. Traditionally, retouchers have been perceived by researchers as informal, situationally applied tools for retouching, or shaping various stone tools. Nevertheless, the scientific results obtained in the study of retouchers demonstrate the possibilities of their interpretation as formal tools and often link them to possible ritual activities, including the practice of cannibalism.
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Archaeology and Ethnography, 2021
Purpose. The subject of the article are splintered pieces and their variability from the Upper Pa... more Purpose. The subject of the article are splintered pieces and their variability from the Upper Paleolithic assemblies from Central Asia, which have not yet undergone special study. The authors employed an experimental approach to verify data obtained through the analysis of archaeological splintered pieces and to explore modification patterns of these tools. Results. Experiments included splitting various soft organic materials with splintered pieces, including red deer antler, wood, and bone. The experimental use of splintered pieces allowed to draw the following conclusions. The edge characteristic to splintered pieces was shaped by contact with hammers, but not with the soft material to be processed. Double-edged splintered pieces were produced when the tool was rotated and a new stage of use was performed. The morphology of splintered pieces varies depending on the intensity of their use. Conclusion. In the case of Central Asian splintered pieces (Tien-Shan and Siberia), the aut...
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Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia (Russian-language), 2020
Применение геофизических методов в пещерах позволяет существенно повысить эффективность археологи... more Применение геофизических методов в пещерах позволяет существенно повысить эффективность археологических исследований, однако имеет ряд особенностей в связи с ограниченностью пространства для проведения измерений и сложностью строения окружающей среды в сравнении с наземными объектами. В 2017 г. при помощи электротомографии была исследована пещера Сельунгур в Ферганской долине (Кыргызстан). С учетом приведенных выше соображений в процессе работы возник вопрос о достоверности полученных данных. С целью его прояснения был поставлен численный эксперимент для определения влияния трехмерной геометрии пещеры на результаты двумерной инверсии. Установлено, что вариации в геометрических параметрах пещеры приводят к неожиданным ложным аномалиям, иногда к весьма значительным ошибкам в определении положения и электрического сопротивления скального фундамента. В случае расходящихся книзу стен пещеры применение инверсии, основанной на двумерной модели, может дать верный геоэлектрический разрез. Та...
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Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia (Russian-language), 2020
Костяные ретушеры являются самыми распространенными орудиями для обработки каменного сырья в сред... more Костяные ретушеры являются самыми распространенными орудиями для обработки каменного сырья в среднепалеолитических комплексах Евразии. Обычно они воспринимаются палеолитоведами как неформальные немодифицированные орудия на фрагментах костей, случайно полученных в процессе расщепления костей с целью извлечения костного мозга. В статье приводятся новые данные по многочисленной коллекции костяных ретушеров из комплекса Чагырской пещеры (Горный Алтай). Метрические параметры этих орудий демонстрируют высокий уровень стандартизации заготовок, которая свидетельствует об избирательности неандертальцев. Также отбор производился по видам животных и анатомической позиции костей. В ходе исследования было зафиксировано, что такие морфологические характеристики, как количество рабочих зон и степень их сработанности, не оказывают влияния на размеры ретушеров и свидетельствуют только о переориентации орудий в процессе работы с камнем. В ходе ретуширования поперечные сечения диагностических следов в...
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Quaternary International, 2020
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020
Significance Neanderthals once inhabited Europe and western Asia, spreading as far east as the Al... more Significance Neanderthals once inhabited Europe and western Asia, spreading as far east as the Altai Mountains in southern Siberia, but the geographical origin and time of arrival of the Altai populations remain unresolved. Excavations at Chagyrskaya Cave in the Altai foothills have yielded 90,000 stone artifacts, numerous bone tools, 74 Neanderthal fossils, and animal and plant remains recovered from 59,000- to 49,000-year-old deposits. The Chagyrskaya Neanderthals made distinctive stone tools that closely resemble Micoquian artifacts from eastern Europe, whereas other Altai sites occupied by earlier Neanderthal populations lack such artifacts. This suggests at least two dispersals of Neanderthals into southern Siberia, with the likely ancestral homeland of the Chagyrskaya toolmakers located 3,000 to 4,000 kilometers to the west, in eastern Europe.
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Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2018
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Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series, 2018
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Antiquity, 2018
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Antiquity, 2018
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Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2016
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Izvestiya of Altai State University, 2015
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Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia (Russian-language)., 2015
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ABSTRACT
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Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, 2014
Before the 1970s, Eurasian Aurignacian artifacts of the carinated type were interpreted as tools,... more Before the 1970s, Eurasian Aurignacian artifacts of the carinated type were interpreted as tools, specifically endscrapers or burins. At present, they are more and more often regarded as cores for bladelets with a curved profile. In the southeast, their distribution area was previously believed to extend to the southern part of the Afghan-Tajik depression. Recent studies in western Central Asia, however, suggest that the boundary passes across northwestern High Asia. In this area, carinated pieces are associated with the Kulbulakian culture (35–30 to 20 ka; the upper chronological limit may be even later). Comparison with tentatively contemporaneous Aurignacian industries of the Levant, Zagros, and Gorny Altai indicates a common evolutionary trend, regional specificity notwithstanding.
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Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, 2011
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Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, 2012
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Papers by Kseniya Kolobova