Aggregation behavior of a surface active ionic liquid 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C10Me... more Aggregation behavior of a surface active ionic liquid 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C10MeImCl) was studied in aqueous solutions in absence and in presence of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) by electrical conductivity, surface tension, vapor pressure, and fluorescence measurements. Ion-association behavior of C10MeImCl (aq) in the premicellar regime has also been investigated. Two characteristic concentrations, namely the critical aggregation concentration and polymer saturation concentration, before free C10MeImCl micelles appear in C10MeImCl-NaCMC solutions were identified. Effects of temperature, NaCMC concentration, and the bulk solution structural property on the self-aggregation of C10MeImCl have been discussed to elucidate C10MeImCl-NaCMC interactions. Thermodynamics of the micellization processes provided important insight regarding the (a) release of water molecules from the hydration layer around the hydrophilic domain, and from the water cage around the hydrophobic moiety of the SAIL, and (b) transfer of the hydrocarbon chains into the micelle and restoration of the H-bonding structure of the water around the micelle.
Single oriented nanocrystalline CeO2 thin films have been deposited over Si (100) substrate by RF... more Single oriented nanocrystalline CeO2 thin films have been deposited over Si (100) substrate by RF magnetron sputtering in the temperature range 600-700 °C, using CeO2 target. X-ray diffraction pattern for the as deposited CeO2 film at 700 °C shows the dominant (111) orientation with corresponding FWHM value of 0.378° and the crystallite size 21.50 nm. The refractive index and the optical band gap both were found to increase from 2.35 to 2.66 and 3.25 to 3.43 eV, respectively with increasing substrate temperature. Atomic force microscopy results reveal highly smooth surface of the deposited films with surface roughness below 1.15 nm for the entire range of deposition temperatures. Further, the contact angle measurements on the as deposited CeO2 films showed variation from 122.36 to 81.67° with respect to the substrate temperature, transforming the wetting property from hydrophobic to hydrophilic in nature. These results indicate the possibility of producing CeO2 films with varying pr...
Polycrystalline Si (Poly-Si) film with highly crystalline nature, and having most of the grains i... more Polycrystalline Si (Poly-Si) film with highly crystalline nature, and having most of the grains in the range of 50-100 μm has been grown over biaxially textured Ni-W substrate by Hot-wire chemical vapor deposition technique, using a single buffer layer of CeO2 thin film. This result has been achieved for the SiH4 source gas diluted to 95% with added H2 gas, and for the substrate temperature of 840±10°C and a deposition pressure of 40 mTorr. XRD analysis shows that the Poly-Si films have grown with (111) and (200) orientations. Raman studies reveal that a crystalline volume fraction of 95.3% has been achieved. The imaginary part of pseudo dielectric function, <ε2>, as extracted from ellipsometric data, shows two prominent shoulders at energy positions 3.4 eV and 4.2 eV corresponding to the optical absorption of crystalline Si, indicating a high crystallinity of the Poly-Si film. SEM micrograph shows that the grown Poly-Si film is following the morphology and grain size as that ...
2012 International Symposium on Electronic System Design (ISED), 2012
ABSTRACT In the nanometer regime carbon nanotube has been a potential candidate in replacing the ... more ABSTRACT In the nanometer regime carbon nanotube has been a potential candidate in replacing the traditional copper based interconnects. The work in this paper analyzes the delay of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based interconnect systems at the system level by implementing a four-bit array multiplier using MWCNT based interconnects. The layout of the multiplier is drawn using MWCNT based interconnects and delay has been analyzed and compared with that of the traditional copper based interconnects. It has been observed that MWCNT based design has 3.4% less delay in the critical path as compared to the copper based design. The paper also describes a methodology of modeling and analyzing a system designed with MWCNT interconnects, using the conventional chip design flow and tools.
Abstract Bainitic steels, which are transformed at very low temperatures, offer an excellent comb... more Abstract Bainitic steels, which are transformed at very low temperatures, offer an excellent combination of strength and ductility where the strength comes from the nano-structured bainitic plates and thin-film of austenite sandwiched between two bainite sheaves offers ...
Page 1. CHAPTER 5 MOLECULAR DESCRIPTORS FOR BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS N. SUKUMAR, SOURAV DAS, MICHAEL KR... more Page 1. CHAPTER 5 MOLECULAR DESCRIPTORS FOR BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS N. SUKUMAR, SOURAV DAS, MICHAEL KREIN, RAHUL GODAWAT, INNA VITOL, SHEKHAR GARDE, KRISTIN P. BENNETT, and CURT M ...
ABSTRACT Pearlitic microstructure can be obtained when austenite of eutectoid composition is slow... more ABSTRACT Pearlitic microstructure can be obtained when austenite of eutectoid composition is slowly cooled from high temperature to below the Ae3 temperature. It is also possible to induce such structure in hypo-eutectoid composition of austenite through proper heat treatment as well. However, in the current work, one hypo-eutectoid steel during very slow cooling only produced completely pearlitic microstructure which was not expected from a steel with such composition. The calculations carried out considering orthoequilibrium condition actually predicted the presence of about 37% ferrite in the microstructure. Further calculations considering different equilibrium modes and kinetics of transformation indicates that the composition and thermal condition of the steel under consideration was such that proeutectoid ferrite formation could not start before the composition reaches to the Negligible Partitioning Local Equilibrium phase boundary which further coincides with the area described by Hultgren extrapolation and thus, the steel completely transforms to pearlite even with hypo-eutectoid composition during very slow cooling.
Aggregation behavior of a surface active ionic liquid 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C10Me... more Aggregation behavior of a surface active ionic liquid 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C10MeImCl) was studied in aqueous solutions in absence and in presence of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) by electrical conductivity, surface tension, vapor pressure, and fluorescence measurements. Ion-association behavior of C10MeImCl (aq) in the premicellar regime has also been investigated. Two characteristic concentrations, namely the critical aggregation concentration and polymer saturation concentration, before free C10MeImCl micelles appear in C10MeImCl-NaCMC solutions were identified. Effects of temperature, NaCMC concentration, and the bulk solution structural property on the self-aggregation of C10MeImCl have been discussed to elucidate C10MeImCl-NaCMC interactions. Thermodynamics of the micellization processes provided important insight regarding the (a) release of water molecules from the hydration layer around the hydrophilic domain, and from the water cage around the hydrophobic moiety of the SAIL, and (b) transfer of the hydrocarbon chains into the micelle and restoration of the H-bonding structure of the water around the micelle.
Single oriented nanocrystalline CeO2 thin films have been deposited over Si (100) substrate by RF... more Single oriented nanocrystalline CeO2 thin films have been deposited over Si (100) substrate by RF magnetron sputtering in the temperature range 600-700 °C, using CeO2 target. X-ray diffraction pattern for the as deposited CeO2 film at 700 °C shows the dominant (111) orientation with corresponding FWHM value of 0.378° and the crystallite size 21.50 nm. The refractive index and the optical band gap both were found to increase from 2.35 to 2.66 and 3.25 to 3.43 eV, respectively with increasing substrate temperature. Atomic force microscopy results reveal highly smooth surface of the deposited films with surface roughness below 1.15 nm for the entire range of deposition temperatures. Further, the contact angle measurements on the as deposited CeO2 films showed variation from 122.36 to 81.67° with respect to the substrate temperature, transforming the wetting property from hydrophobic to hydrophilic in nature. These results indicate the possibility of producing CeO2 films with varying pr...
Polycrystalline Si (Poly-Si) film with highly crystalline nature, and having most of the grains i... more Polycrystalline Si (Poly-Si) film with highly crystalline nature, and having most of the grains in the range of 50-100 μm has been grown over biaxially textured Ni-W substrate by Hot-wire chemical vapor deposition technique, using a single buffer layer of CeO2 thin film. This result has been achieved for the SiH4 source gas diluted to 95% with added H2 gas, and for the substrate temperature of 840±10°C and a deposition pressure of 40 mTorr. XRD analysis shows that the Poly-Si films have grown with (111) and (200) orientations. Raman studies reveal that a crystalline volume fraction of 95.3% has been achieved. The imaginary part of pseudo dielectric function, <ε2>, as extracted from ellipsometric data, shows two prominent shoulders at energy positions 3.4 eV and 4.2 eV corresponding to the optical absorption of crystalline Si, indicating a high crystallinity of the Poly-Si film. SEM micrograph shows that the grown Poly-Si film is following the morphology and grain size as that ...
2012 International Symposium on Electronic System Design (ISED), 2012
ABSTRACT In the nanometer regime carbon nanotube has been a potential candidate in replacing the ... more ABSTRACT In the nanometer regime carbon nanotube has been a potential candidate in replacing the traditional copper based interconnects. The work in this paper analyzes the delay of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based interconnect systems at the system level by implementing a four-bit array multiplier using MWCNT based interconnects. The layout of the multiplier is drawn using MWCNT based interconnects and delay has been analyzed and compared with that of the traditional copper based interconnects. It has been observed that MWCNT based design has 3.4% less delay in the critical path as compared to the copper based design. The paper also describes a methodology of modeling and analyzing a system designed with MWCNT interconnects, using the conventional chip design flow and tools.
Abstract Bainitic steels, which are transformed at very low temperatures, offer an excellent comb... more Abstract Bainitic steels, which are transformed at very low temperatures, offer an excellent combination of strength and ductility where the strength comes from the nano-structured bainitic plates and thin-film of austenite sandwiched between two bainite sheaves offers ...
Page 1. CHAPTER 5 MOLECULAR DESCRIPTORS FOR BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS N. SUKUMAR, SOURAV DAS, MICHAEL KR... more Page 1. CHAPTER 5 MOLECULAR DESCRIPTORS FOR BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS N. SUKUMAR, SOURAV DAS, MICHAEL KREIN, RAHUL GODAWAT, INNA VITOL, SHEKHAR GARDE, KRISTIN P. BENNETT, and CURT M ...
ABSTRACT Pearlitic microstructure can be obtained when austenite of eutectoid composition is slow... more ABSTRACT Pearlitic microstructure can be obtained when austenite of eutectoid composition is slowly cooled from high temperature to below the Ae3 temperature. It is also possible to induce such structure in hypo-eutectoid composition of austenite through proper heat treatment as well. However, in the current work, one hypo-eutectoid steel during very slow cooling only produced completely pearlitic microstructure which was not expected from a steel with such composition. The calculations carried out considering orthoequilibrium condition actually predicted the presence of about 37% ferrite in the microstructure. Further calculations considering different equilibrium modes and kinetics of transformation indicates that the composition and thermal condition of the steel under consideration was such that proeutectoid ferrite formation could not start before the composition reaches to the Negligible Partitioning Local Equilibrium phase boundary which further coincides with the area described by Hultgren extrapolation and thus, the steel completely transforms to pearlite even with hypo-eutectoid composition during very slow cooling.
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