Papers by Dr Eliangiringa Kaale
The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apr 23, 2019
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The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
A High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for analysis of folic acid was develo... more A High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for analysis of folic acid was developed and validated according to ICH and USP guidelines. The developed method was used for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of folic acid in tablets. The method was developed using an environmentally friendly mobile phase containing ethyl acetate:methanol:ammonia solution (15:15:0.5 v/v/v) on pre-coated HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 glass plates at a detection wavelength of 280 nm using reflectance absorbance and saturation time of 25 min. Densitometric analysis showed two folic acid products being retained at Rf of 0.27 and 0.67 and the area was taken as the sum of the two. The method was specific and no interferences were observed between folic acid peaks and that of the excipients. The calibration curve of folic acid was constructed using both linear and polynomial regression function in the range of 317.19–761.25 ng/spot both with regression coefficient, r2 of 0.998. The a...
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BioMed Research International, 2015
Preformulation is an important step in the rational formulation of an active pharmaceutical ingre... more Preformulation is an important step in the rational formulation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Micromeritics properties: bulk density (BD) and tapped density (TD), compressibility index (Carr’s index), Hauser’s ratio (H), and sieve analysis were performed in order to determine the best excipients to be used in the formulation development of omeprazole magnesium enteric coated tablets. Results show that omeprazole magnesium has fair flow and compressibility properties (BD 0.4 g/mL, TD 0.485 g/mL, Carr’s index 17.5%, Hauser’s ratio 1.2, and sieve analysis time 5 minutes). There were no significant drug excipient interactions except change in colour in all three conditions in the mixture of omeprazole and aerosil 200. Moisture content loss on drying in all three conditions was not constant and the changes were attributed to surrounding environment during the test time. Changes in the absorption spectra were noted in the mixture of omeprazole and water aerosil only in the...
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Pharmaceutical Drug Regulatory Affairs Journal
Background: Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CDVs) are amongst of the life threatening non- com... more Background: Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CDVs) are amongst of the life threatening non- communicable diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports indicate that CDVs is number one cause of deaths worldwide, largely in developing countries. Hypertension is a major risk factor for CVDs accounting for 9.4 million deaths worldwide every year. The prevalence of hypertension amongst Tanzanian is reported to be as high as 17%. Early detection and appropriate management of hypertension with quality and effective medicines is of clinical importance. The growing market of substandard and/or falsified medicines is a threat as it can result in treatment failure and unnecessary increase of healthcare cost. Objective: The surveillance was done by Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority with the aim of monitoring the quality of anti-hypertensive medicines circulating on the Tanzania mainland market. Methodology: Selected antihypertensive medicines were sampled from Medical Store Department...
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JPC - Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC, 2018
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PLOS ONE, 2020
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Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
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OALib, 2017
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Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine, 2018
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2016 IEEE SENSORS, 2016
Identification of counterfeit and substandard drugs, which pose severe risks to patient safety is... more Identification of counterfeit and substandard drugs, which pose severe risks to patient safety is increasingly important, as inauthentic drugs become more commonplace in developing parts of the world. Though thin layer chromatography (TLC) performed with laboratory-based instruments enables accurate analysis of suspect medicines, there is tremendous interest in development of an inexpensive mobile platform that would broaden the applicability of TLC to remote pharmacies and clinics that presently do not have access to laboratory analysis. In this work, we demonstrate identification and characterization of pharmaceutical products via TLC using a custom cradle that interfaces with a smartphone. A UV lamp integrated within the cradle illuminates a TLC plate loaded with calibration standards and an aliquot of a drug of unknown concentration. Phosphorescence from the plate surface excited by UV light reveals principal spots. Two independent image processing approaches were developed to enable image processing to be performed locally with the smartphone processor, or remotely by a server running MatLab routines on uploaded images. Both approaches report the intensity and travel distance of spots within a TLC plate. The system is able to discern 5% medicine concentration differences and to deliver analytical results that are identical to those obtained by a laboratory TLC densitometer.
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Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, Jan 9, 2016
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) has a myriad of separation applications in chemistry, biology, an... more Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) has a myriad of separation applications in chemistry, biology, and pharmacology due to its simplicity and low cost. While benchtop laboratory sample application and detection systems for TLC provide accurate quantitation of TLC spot positions and densities, there are many applications where inexpensive and portable instruments would greatly expand the applicability of the technology. In this work, we demonstrate identity verification and concentration determination of pharmaceutical compounds via TLC using a custom 3D-printed cradle that interfaces with an ordinary mobile phone. The cradle holds the mobile phone's internal, rear-facing camera in a fixed position relative to a UV lamp and a TLC plate that includes a phosphor in the stationary phase. Analysis of photographs thus reveals the locations and intensities of principal spots of UV--absorbing drugs. Automated image analysis software determines the center location and density of dark spots, ...
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PLoS ONE, 2014
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Analytica Chimica Acta, 1993
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Acta Chromatographica, 2009
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Acta Chromatographica, 2012
ABSTRACT Summary. A new, simple, and reproducible HPTLC–densitometric method has been established... more ABSTRACT Summary. A new, simple, and reproducible HPTLC–densitometric method has been established and validated for estimation of trigonelline in the leaves of Abrus precatorius L. and its herbal formulation Chatak® using ICH guidelines. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) as an alternative to conventional techniques was also explored for rapid extraction. The methanol extracts of leaves, its formulation, and standard solution of trigonelline were applied on silica gel F254 HPTLC plates and developed in a twin chamber using the mobile phase toluene–ethyl acetate–formic acid–methanol (2:3:1.8:3.8, v/v/v/v). The plates were scanned at 268 nm (λmax of trigonelline) using a Camag TLC scanner 3 with the CATS 4 software. A linear relationship was obtained between the response (peak area) and the amount of trigonelline in the range 40–200 ng per spot; the correlation coefficient was 0.9957. The ASE method gives higher extraction efficiency in less time compared to Soxhlet extraction. The HPTLC–densitometric method showed good linearity, recovery, and high precision. It is useful to analyze trigonelline in A. precatorius leaves and routine quality control of its marketed formulation. Key Words: trigonelline, Abrus precatorius L., accelerated solvent extraction, HPTLC– densitometry, ICH guidelines Introduction
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AIDS Care, 2009
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JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC, 2016
A new high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC)—densitometric method which can be emplo... more A new high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC)—densitometric method which can be employed in the routine analysis of miconazole in creams has been developed and validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidance. The method involves the use of a mobile phase composed of safer reagents for both the user and the environment than the previously available methods. In this method, ethyl acetate—ammonia solution 25% (25:0.5 v/v) was an optimum composition of a solvent system on precoated HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 glass plates with a saturation time of 25 min and migration rate of 10.5 min per 70 mm migration distance. The RF value was 0.57 with no interferences from excipients or solvents at the detection wavelength of 228 nm. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 1.14 and 1.98 were obtained for repeatability and intermediate precision, respectively, of the method. The polynomial R2 values c...
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Papers by Dr Eliangiringa Kaale