TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fuster-Casanovas, Aïna
AU  - Miró Catalina, Queralt
AU  - Vidal-Alaball, Josep
AU  - Escalé-Besa, Anna
AU  - Carrión, Carme
PY  - 2024
DA  - 2024/1/18
TI  - eHealth in the Management of Depressive Episodes in Catalonia’s Primary Care From 2017 to 2022: Retrospective Observational Study
JO  - JMIR Ment Health
SP  - e52816
VL  - 11
KW  - eHealth
KW  - depression
KW  - depressive disorder
KW  - primary health care
KW  - mental health patient
KW  - patient
KW  - patients
KW  - healthcare system
KW  - digital transformation
KW  - mental disorder
KW  - mental disorders
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - clinical practice
KW  - clinical practices
KW  - retrospective
KW  - observational
KW  - regression
KW  - digital tool
KW  - digital tools
AB  - Background: The reasons for mental health consultations are becoming increasingly relevant in primary care. The Catalan health care system is undergoing a process of digital transformation, where eHealth is becoming increasingly relevant in routine clinical practice. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the approach to depressive episodes and the role of eHealth in the Catalan health care system from 2017 to 2022. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on diagnostic codes related to depressive episodes and mood disorders between 2017 and 2022 using data from the Catalan Institute of Health. The sociodemographic evolution and prevalence of depression and mood disorders in Catalonia were analyzed between 2017 and 2022. Sociodemographic variables were analyzed using absolute frequency and percentage. The prevalence of depressive episodes was calculated, highlighting the year-to-year changes. The use of eHealth for related consultations was assessed by comparing the percentages of eHealth and face-to-face consultations. A comparison of sociodemographic variables based on attendance type was conducted. Additionally, a logistic regression model was used to explore factors influencing face-to-face attendance. The analysis used R software (version 4.2.1), with all differences examined using 95% CIs. Results: From 2017 to 2022, there was an 86.6% increase in the prevalence of depression and mood disorders, with women consistently more affected (20,950/31,197, 67.2% in 2017 and 22,078/33,169, 66.6% in 2022). In 2022, a significant rise in depression diagnoses was observed in rural areas (difference 0.71%, 95% CI 0.04%-1.43%), contrasting with a significant decrease in urban settings (difference –0.7%, 95% CI –1.35% to –0.05%). There was a significant increase in antidepressant use in 2022 compared to 2017 (difference 2.4%, 95% CI 1.87%-3.06%) and the proportion of eHealth visits rose from 4.34% (1240/28,561) in 2017 to 26.3% (8501/32,267) in 2022. Logistic regression analysis indicated that men (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.09) and younger individuals had a higher likelihood of eHealth consultations in 2022. Furthermore, individuals using eHealth consultations were more likely to use antidepressants (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.50-1.57) and anxiolytics (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.09). Conclusions: The prevalence of depression in Catalonia has significantly increased in the last 6 years, likely influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite ongoing digital transformation since 2011, eHealth usage remained limited as of 2017. During the lockdown period, eHealth accounted for nearly half of all health care consultations, representing a quarter of consultations by 2022. In the immediate aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, emerging evidence suggests a significant role of eHealth in managing depression-related consultations, along with an apparent likelihood of patients being prescribed antidepressants and anxiolytics. Further research is needed to understand the long-term impact of eHealth on diagnostic practices and medication use. 
SN  - 2368-7959
UR  - https://mental.jmir.org/2024/1/e52816
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/52816
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38236631
DO  - 10.2196/52816
ID  - info:doi/10.2196/52816
ER  -