Abstract
The objective of this paper is to move a load hanging under a very long rope from one place to another and to suppress the transverse vibrations of the load at the end of movement by adaptive control. The disturbance affecting the gantry motion is estimated and is incorporated into the control law design. The control command is given as a function of the position and velocity of the trolley, the hoisting speed, the sway angle of the rope at the gantry side, and the estimated disturbance force. The Lyapunov function taking the form of the total mechanical energy of the system is adopted to ensure the uniform stability of the closed-loop system. Through experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed control law is demonstrated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. Liu, J. Yi, D. Zhao and W. Wang, Adaptive sliding mode fuzzy control for a two-dimensional overhead crane, Mechatronics 15(5) (2005) 505–512.
G. Bartolini, A. Pisano and E. Usai, Second-order sliding-mode control of container cranes, Automatica 38(10) (2002) 1783–1790.
H. H. Lee, Y. Liang and D. Segura, A sliding-mode anti-swing trajectory control for overhead cranes with high-speed load hoisting, ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 128(4) (2006) 842–845.
H. Park, D. Chwa and K. S. Hong, A Feedback linearization control of container cranes: varying rope length, International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems 5(4) (2007) 379–387.
J. W. Auernig and H. Troger, Time optimal control of overhead cranes with hoisting of the load, Automatica 23(4) (1987) 437–447.
K. A. F. Moustafa and A. M. Ebeid, Nonlinear modeling and control of overhead crane load sway, ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 110(3) (1988), 266–271.
Y. Sakawa and Y. Shindo, Optimal control of container cranes, Automatica 18(3) (1982) 257–266.
Y. J. Hua and Y. K. Shine, Adaptive coupling control for overhead crane systems, Mechatronics 17(2–3) (2007) 143–152.
Y. Fang, W. E. Dixon, D. M. Dawson and E. Zergeroglu, Nonlinear coupling control laws for an underactuated overhead crane system, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 8(3) (2003) 418–423.
Z. N. Masoud and A. H. Nayfeh, Sway reduction on container cranes using delayed feedback controller, Nonlinear Dynamics 34(3–4) (2003) 347–358.
Y. S. Kim, K. S. Hong and S. K. Sul, Anti-sway control of container cranes: inclinometer, observer, and state feedback, International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems 2(4) (2004) 435–449.
K. S. Hong, B. J. Park and M. H. Lee, Two-stage control for container cranes, JSME International Journal, Series C 43(2) (2000) 273–282.
H. C. Cho and K. S. Lee, Adaptive control and stability analysis of nonlinear crane systems with perturbation, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 22(6) (2008) 1091–1098.
K. T. Hong, C. D. Huh and K. S. Hong, Command shaping control for limiting the transient sway angle of crane systems, International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems 1(1) (2003) 43–53.
C. D. Rahn, F. Zhang, S. Joshi and D. M. Dawson, Asymptotically stabilizing angle feedback for a flexible cable gantry crane, ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 121(3) (1999) 563–566.
B. d’Andréa-Novel, F. Boustany, F. Conrad and B. P. Rao, Feedback stabilization of a hybrid PDEODE system: application to an overhead crane, Math. Control Signals Systems 7(1) (1994) 1–22.
B. d’Andrea-Novel, B. and J. M. Coron, Exponential stabilization of an overhead crane with flexible cable via a back-stepping approach, Automatica 36(4) (2000) 587–593.
B. d’Andréa-Novel and J. M. Coron, Stabilization of an overhead crane with a variable length flexible cable, Computational and Applied Mathematics 21(1) (2002) 101–134.
C. S. Kim and K. S. Hong, Boundary control of container cranes from perspective of controlling an axially moving string system, International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems 7(3) (2009) 437–445.
J. Park and N. Kang, Applications of fiber models based on discrete element method to string vibration, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 23(2) (2009) 372–380.
J. H. Park and S. Rhim, Experiments of optimal delay extraction algorithm using adaptive time-delay filter for improved vibration suppression, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 23(4) (2009) 997–1000.
J. W. Yoon, T. W. Park, S. H. Lee, K. J. Jun and S. P. Jung, Synthetic analysis of flexible multibody system including a very flexible body, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 23(4) (2009) 942–945.
K. T. Lee, Vibration of two cantilever beams clamped at one end and connected by a rigid body at the other, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 23(2) (2009) 358–371.
H. C. Cho, J. W. Lee, Y. J. Lee and K. S. Lee, Lyapunov theory based robust control of complicated nonlinear mechanical systems with uncertainty, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 22(11) (2008) 2142–2150.
W. D. Zhu and J. Ni, J. Huang, Active control of translating media with arbitrarily varying length, ASME Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 123(3) (2001) 347–358.
J. Y. Choi, K. S. Hong and K. J. Yang, Exponential stabilization of an axially moving tensioned strip by passive damping and boundary control, Journal of Vibration and Control 10(5) (2004) 661–682.
K. J. Yang, K. S. Hong and F. Matsuno, Robust adaptive boundary control of an axially moving string under a spatiotemporally varying tension, Journal of Sound and Vibration 273(4–5) (2004) 1007–1029.
K. J. Yang, K. S. Hong and F. Matsuno, Energybased control of axially translating beams: varying tension, varying speed, and disturbance adaptation, IEEE Trans. on Control Systems Technology 13(6) (2005) 1045–1054.
C. W. Kim, K. S. Hong and H. Park, Boundary control of an axially moving string: actuator dynamics included, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 19 (2005) 40–50.
C. W. Kim, H. Park and K. S. Hong, Boundary control of axially moving continua: application to a zinc galvanizing line, International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems 3 (2005) 601–611.
K. J. Yang, K. S. Hong and F. Matsuno, Energybased control of axially translating beams: varying tension, varying speed, and disturbance adaptation, IEEE Trans. on Control Systems Technology 13 (2005) 1045–1054.
K. J. Yang, K. S. Hong and F. Matsuno, Robust boundary control of an axially moving string by using a PR transfer function, IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control 50 (2005) 2053–2058.
K. J. Yang, K. S. Hong and F. Matsuno, Boundary control of an axially moving steel strip under a spatiotemporally varying tension, JSME International Journal, Series C 47(2) (2004) 665–674.
K. J. Yang, K, S. Hong and F. Matsuno, Boundary control of a translating tensioned beam with varying speed, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 10(5) (2005) 594–597.
K. S. Hong, C. W. Kim and K. T. Hong, Boundary control of an axially moving belt system in a thinmetal production line, International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems 1 (2004) pp. 55–67.
K. J. Yang, K. S. Hong and F. Matsuno, Robust adaptive boundary control of an axially moving string under a spatiotemporally varying tension, Journal of Sound and Vibration 273 (2004) 1007–1029.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Shuzhi Sam Ge
Quang Hieu Ngo received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam, in 2002, the M.S. degree in mechatronics from Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, in 2007. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in the School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Korea. His research interests include port automation, control of axially moving systems, adaptive control, and input shaping control.
Keum Shik Hong received the B.S. degree in mechanical design and production engineering from Seoul National University in 1979, the M.S. degree in ME from Columbia University in 1987, and both the M.S. degree in applied mathematics and the Ph.D. degree in ME from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1991. Dr. Hong serves as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. He served as an Associate Editor for Automatica (2000–2006) and as an Editor for the International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems (2003–2005). Dr. Hong received Fumio Harashima Mechatronics Award in 2003 and the Korean Government Presidential Award in 2007. His research interests include nonlinear systems theory, adaptive control, distributed parameter system control, robotics, and vehicle controls.
Il Hyo Jung received the B.S. degree in mathematics from Pusan National University, Korea, in 1991, the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in applied mathematics from KAIST, Korea, in 1993 and 1997, respectively. Dr. Jung is currently Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Pusan Nation University, Korea. His research interests include differential equations (ODE/PDE), stability analysis, systems theory, and optimal control problems.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ngo, Q.H., Hong, KS. & Jung, I.H. Adaptive control of an axially moving system. J Mech Sci Technol 23, 3071–3078 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-009-0912-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-009-0912-4