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Energy-balanced cooperative routing in multihop wireless networks

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Abstract

Cooperative communication (CC) allows multiple nodes to simultaneously transmit the same packet to the receiver so that the combined signal at the receiver can be correctly decoded. Since the CC can reduce the transmission power and extend the transmission coverage, it has been considered in minimum energy routing protocols to reduce the total energy consumption. However, previous research on cooperative routing only focuses on minimizing the total energy consumption from the source node to the destination node, which may lead to the unbalanced energy distribution among nodes. In this paper, we aim to study the impact of cooperative routing on balancing the energy distribution among nodes. By introducing a new routing scheme which carefully selects cooperative relay nodes and assigns their transmission power, our cooperative routing method can balance the remaining energy among neighboring nodes to maximize the lifetime of the network. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed cooperative routing algorithm significantly balances the energy distribution and prolongs the lifetime of the network.

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Notes

  1. In [11, 24], a complete communication from node v i to node v j can be achieved by CC if \((\sum_{v_k\in{v_i\cup {H(v_i)}}}\sqrt{P(v_k) \cdot(d(v_k,v_j))^{-\alpha}})^2\geq{\tau}\). This model is more realistic than the simplified model which we and [17–20] used. If we use this model in our load balancing scheme, it is difficult to get an explicit solution of the optimal remaining energy E x (we will define it in Sect. 4). Notice that the transmission power obtained under the simplified model can always guarantee that the CC transmission successes under the realistic model, since \( \sum_{v_k\in{v_i\cup {H(v_i)}}}{P(v_k) \cdot(d(v_k,v_j))^{-\alpha}} \le (\sum_{v_k\in{v_i\cup {H(v_i)}}}\sqrt{P(v_k) \cdot(d(v_k,v_j))^{-\alpha}})^2\). Therefore, we believe the results obtained by our algorithm can be directly used for the realistic model, though the perfect load balancing may not be guaranteed. Similarly, in our simplified CC model, we do not consider the fading effect since it will make the optimal remaining energy hard to solve.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. CNS-0721666, CNS-0915331, and CNS-1050398, and by Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList). This work was partially done when Y. Li visited the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, with a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council. The authors also greatly appreciate the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their constructive comments for improving the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA

    Siyuan Chen, Minsu Huang, Ying Zhu & Yu Wang

  2. School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China

    Yang Li

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  1. Siyuan Chen
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  2. Yang Li
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  5. Yu Wang
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Correspondence to Yu Wang.

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Chen, S., Li, Y., Huang, M. et al. Energy-balanced cooperative routing in multihop wireless networks. Wireless Netw 19, 1087–1099 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-012-0520-6

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