Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

A Routing Protocol for Hierarchical LEO/MEO Satellite IP Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The rapid growth of Internet-based applications pushes broadband satellite networks to carry on IP traffic. In previously proposed connectionless routing schemes in satellite networks, the metrics used to calculate the paths do not reflect the total delay a packet may experience. In this paper, a new Satellite Grouping and Routing Protocol (SGRP) is developed. In each snapshot period, SGRP divides Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites into groups according to the footprint area of the Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. Based on the delay reports sent by LEO satellites, MEO satellite managers compute the minimum-delay paths for their LEO members. Since the signaling traffic is physically separated from the data traffic, link congestion does not affect the responsiveness of delay reporting and routing table calculation. The snapshot and group formation methods as well as fast reacting mechanisms to address link congestion and satellite failures are described in detail. The performance of SGRP is evaluated through simulations and analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. I.F. Akyildiz, E. Ekici and M.D. Bender, MLSR: A novel routing algorithm for multi-layered satellite IP networks, IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networking 10(3) (2002) 411–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. C. Chen, A QoS-based routing algorithm in multimedia satellite networks, in: Proceedings of IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2003-Fall) (Orlando, Florida, Oct. 6–9, 2003) vol. 4, pp. 2703–2707.

  3. H.S. Chang, B.W. Kim, C.G. Lee, S.L. Min, Y. Choi, H.S. Yang, D.N. Kim and C.S. Kim, FSA-based link assignment and routing in low-Earth orbit satellite networks, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 47(3) (1998) 1037–1048.

    Google Scholar 

  4. E. Ekici, I.F. Akyildiz and M.D. Bender, A distributed routing algorithm for datagram traffic in LEO satellite networks, IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networking 9(2) (2001) 137–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. T.R. Henderson and R.H. Katz, On distributed, geographic-based packet routing for LEO satellite networks, in: Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM 2000 (2000) vol. 2, pp. 1119–1123.

  6. J.H. Hu and K.L. Yeung, Routing and re-routing in a LEO/MEO two-tier mobile satellite communications system with inter-satellite links, in: Proceedings of IEEE ICC’2000, (2000) vol. 1, pp. 134–138.

  7. J. Lee and S. Kang, Satellite over satellite (SOS) network: A novel architecture for satellite network, in: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM’2000 (2000) vol. 1, pp. 315–321.

  8. J. Perdigues, M. Werner and N. Karafolas, Methodology for traffic analysis and ISL capacity dimensioning in broadband satellite constellations using optical WDM networking, in: Proceedings of 19th AIAA International Communication Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC’01) (April, 2001).

  9. A. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 3rd edn. (Pretence Hall, Inc., 1996).

  10. Telcordia NetSizer, Internet hosts distribution by continent in January (2001) Available at http://www.infometre.cefrio.qc.ca/fiches/fiche275.asp

  11. H. Uzunalioglu, I.F. Akyildiz and M.D. Bender, A routing algorithm for LEO satellite networks with dynamic connectivity, ATM-Baltzer Journal of Wireless Networks (WINET) 6(3) (2000) 181–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. M.D. Voilet, The development and application of a cost per minute metric of the evaluation of mobile satellite systems in a limited-growth voice communications market, Master’s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (Sept. 1995) http://theses.mit.edu/Dienst/UI/2.0/Describe/0018.mit.theses %2f1995–189.

  13. C.J. Wang, Structual properties of a low Earth orbit satellite constellation—the Walker Delta network, in: Proceedings of MILCOM’93 (1993) vol. 3, pp. 968–972.

  14. W. Werner, G. Berndl and B. Edmaier, Performance of optimized routing in LEO intersatellite link networks, in: Proceedings of IEEE 47th Vehicular Technology Conference (1997) vol. 1, pp. 246–250.

  15. W. Werner, A. Jahn, E. Lutz and A. Böttcher, Analysis of system parameters for LEO/ICO-satellite communication networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 13(2) (1995) 371–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. L. Wood, A. Clerget, I. Andrikopoulos, G. Pavlou and W. Dabbous, IP routing issues in satellite constellation networks, International Journal of Satellite Communications 19 (2001) 69–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Broadband & Wireless Networking Laboratory, School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332

    Chao Chen

  2. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210

    Eylem Ekici

Authors
  1. Chao Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eylem Ekici
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Eylem Ekici was with the Broadband & Wireless Networking Laboratory, School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology when this work was performed. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ANI-0087762.

Chao Chen received the BE and ME degrees from Deparment of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China in 1998 and 2001, respectively. She is currently working toward her Ph.D. degree in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. She is a graduate research assistant in the Broadband and Wireless Networking Laboratory at Georgia Institute of Technology. Her current research interests include satellite and space networks, as well as wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. E-mail: cchen@ece.gatech.edu

Eylem Ekici has received his BS and MS degrees in Computer Engineering from Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 1997 and 1998, respectively. He received his PhD degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, in 2002. Currently, he is an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Dr. Ekici’s research interests include wireless sensor networks, space-based networks, and next generation wireless networks, with a focus on modeling, multiaccess control, routing and multicasting protocols, and resource management. E-mail: ekici@ece.osu.edu

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chen, C., Ekici, E. A Routing Protocol for Hierarchical LEO/MEO Satellite IP Networks. Wireless Netw 11, 507–521 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-005-1772-1

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-005-1772-1

Search

Navigation