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Effect of fruit harvest time on citrus canker detection using hyperspectral reflectance imaging

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Abstract

The citrus industry has need for effective and efficient approaches to remove fruit with canker before they are shipped to selective international markets. The objective of this research was to study the effect of fruit harvest time on citrus canker detection using hyperspectral reflectance imaging. Ruby Red grapefruits with normal surface, canker, and five common peel diseases including greasy spot, insect damage, melanose, scab, and wind scar were collected during a 7-month harvest period. Hyperspectral reflectance images were acquired in the wavelength range of 450–930 nm. Spectral information divergence (SID) was used as a discrimination measure to perform statistical comparisons among reflectance spectra of grapefruit samples over the whole harvest season. The SID values with respect to the mean reflectance spectrum of canker for the 7-month periods were 0.0009, 0.0002, 0.0008, 0.0001, 0.0007, 0.0003, and 0.0004, respectively. Correlation analysis (CA) was used for hyperspectral band selection. Two-band ratio images using wavelengths of 729 and 834 nm selected by CA (R834/R729) gave the maximum absolute correlation value of 0.811. The mean ratio values for canker were in the range from 1.287 to 1.407, which were higher than the ratio values for other peel conditions. A simple thresholding and morphological filtering operations were applied to the two-band ratio images. The classification accuracies were in the range of 93.3–96.7% for each month. The results presented in this study demonstrated that there is no significant difference among the accuracy for canker detection over the whole harvest season using the two-band ratio images and threshold based on the spectrum of 7-month average.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Florida Fresh Packer Association and USDA Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Moon Kim and Dr. Kuanglin Chao of USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, and Mr. Mike Zingaro and Mr. Greg Pugh of University of Florida, for their help in building the hyperspectral imaging system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110570, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0570, USA

    Xuhui Zhao, Thomas F. Burks & Jianwei Qin

  2. USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Building 303, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA

    Jianwei Qin

  3. Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945-3138, USA

    Mark A. Ritenour

Authors
  1. Xuhui Zhao
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  2. Thomas F. Burks
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  3. Jianwei Qin
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  4. Mark A. Ritenour
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Correspondence to Jianwei Qin.

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Zhao, X., Burks, T.F., Qin, J. et al. Effect of fruit harvest time on citrus canker detection using hyperspectral reflectance imaging. Sens. & Instrumen. Food Qual. 4, 126–135 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-010-9103-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-010-9103-3

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