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Bioinformatic and expression analyses on carotenoid dioxygenase genes in fruit development and abiotic stress responses in Fragaria vesca

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Abstract

Carotenoid dioxygenases, including 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCEDs) and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), can selectively cleave carotenoids into various apocarotenoid products that play important roles in fleshy fruit development and abiotic stress response. In this study, we identified 12 carotenoid dioxygenase genes in diploid strawberry Fragaria vesca, and explored their evolution with orthologous genes from nine other species. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the NCED and CCDL groups moderately expanded during their evolution, whereas gene numbers of the CCD1, CCD4, CCD7, and CCD8 groups maintained conserved. We characterized the expression profiles of FveNCED and FveCCD genes during flower and fruit development, and in response to several abiotic stresses. FveNCED1 expression positively responded to osmotic, cold, and heat stresses, whereas FveNCED2 was only induced under cold stress. In contrast, FveNCED2 was the unique gene highly and continuously increasing in receptacle during fruit ripening, which co-occurred with the increase in endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content previously reported in octoploid strawberry. The differential expression patterns suggested that FveNCED1 and FveNCED2 were key genes for ABA biosynthesis in abiotic stress responses and fruit ripening, respectively. FveCCD1 exhibited the highest expression in most stages of flower and fruit development, while the other FveCCDs were expressed in a subset of stages and tissues. Our study suggests distinct functions of FveNCED and FveCCD genes in fruit development and stress responses and lays a foundation for future study to understand the roles of these genes and their metabolites, including ABA and other apocarotenoid products, in the growth and development of strawberry.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31471860, 31672123) and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

    Yong Wang, Tingting Gu, Jing Ding & Yi Li

  2. State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

    Guanqun Ding

  3. Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA

    Yi Li

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  1. Yong Wang
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  2. Guanqun Ding
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Author contribution

JD and YL conceived and designed the project; YW and GD performed the experiments and carried out the analysis; YW and JD wrote the manuscript; and TG and YL edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Communicated by S. Hohmann.

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Wang, Y., Ding, G., Gu, T. et al. Bioinformatic and expression analyses on carotenoid dioxygenase genes in fruit development and abiotic stress responses in Fragaria vesca . Mol Genet Genomics 292, 895–907 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-017-1321-5

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