Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

Skip to main content

Robot Pressure: The Impact of Robot Eye Gaze and Lifelike Bodily Movements upon Decision-Making and Trust

  • Conference paper
Social Robotics (ICSR 2014)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 8755))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Between people, eye gaze and other forms of nonverbal communication can influence trust. We hypothesised similar effects would occur during human-robot interaction, predicting a humanoid robot’s eye gaze and lifelike bodily movements (eye tracking movements and simulated “breathing”) would increase participants’ likelihood of seeking and trusting the robot’s opinion in a cooperative visual tracking task. However, we instead found significant interactions between robot gaze and task difficulty, indicating that robot gaze had a positive impact upon trust for difficult decisions and a negative impact for easier decisions. Furthermore, a significant effect of robot gaze was found on task performance, with gaze improving participants’ performance on easy trials but hindering performance on difficult trials. Participants also responded significantly faster when the robot looked at them. Results suggest that robot gaze exerts “pressure” upon participants, causing audience effects similar to social facilitation and inhibition. Lifelike bodily movements had no significant effect upon participant behaviour.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Harrigan, J.A., Oxman, T.E., Rosenthal, R.: Rapport expressed through nonverbal behavior. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 9(2), 95–110 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lafrance, M., Broadbent, M.: Group Rapport: Posture Sharing as a Nonverbal Indicator. Journal of Group & Organization Management 1(3), 328–333 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Guéguen, N.: Handshaking and compliance with a request: a door-to-door setting. Social Behavior & Personality 41(10), 1585–1588 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kleinke, C.L.: Gaze and eye contact: a research review. Psyc. Bull. 100, 78–100 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Olivola, C.Y., Todorov, A.: Elected in 100 milliseconds: Appearance-based trait inferences and voting. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 34(2), 83–110 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Feingold, A.: Good-looking people are not what we think. Psychological Bulletin 111(2), 304–341 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. DeBruine, L.M.: Facial resemblance enhances trust. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 269, 1307–1312 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Farmer, H., McKay, R., Tsakiris, M.: Trust in Me: Trustworthy Others are Seen as More Physically Similar to the Self. Psych. Sci. 25(1), 290–292 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Mori, M.: The Uncanny Valley. Trans. by MacDorman, K.F. and Kageki, N. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 19(2), 98–100 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Feldman, R.S.: Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior. Cambridge Uni Press (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Tickle-Degnen, L., Rosenthal, R.: The Nature of Rapport and Its Nonverbal Correlates. Psychological Inquiry 1(4), 285–293 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., O’Sullivan, M.: Smiles when lying. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 54, 414–420 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. DeVito, J.A.: Human Communication: The Basic Course. Pearson (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Goffman, E.: Behavior in public places: Notes on the social organization of gatherings. Free Press, New York (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hemsley, G.D., Doob, A.N.: The Effect of Looking Behavior on Perceptions of a Communicator’s Credibility. J. of Applied Social Psyc. 8(2), 1559–1816 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Taylor, R., Hick, R.F.: Believed cues to deception: Judgements in self-generated serious and trivial situations. Legal & Criminological Psychology 12, 321–332 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Mann, S., Vrij, A., Leal, S., Granhag, P.A., Warmelink, L., Forrester, D.: Windows to the Soul? Deliberate Eye Contact as a Cue to Deceit. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 36, 205–215 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Mann, S., Ewens, S., Shaw, D., Vrij, A., Leal, S., Hillman, J.: Lying Eyes: Why Liars Seek Deliberate Eye Contact. Psychi., Psycho. & Law 20(3), 452–461 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kleinke, C.L., Singer, D.A.: Influence of Gaze on Compliance with Demanding and Conciliatory Requests in a Field Setting. Personality & Social Psych. Bull. 5, 386–390 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Snyder, M., Grether, J., Keller, K.: Staring and compliance: A field experiment on hitchhiking. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 4, 165–170 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Bull, R., Gibson-Robinson, E.: The influence of eye-gaze, style of dress, and locality on the amounts of money donated to a charity. Hum. Rel. 34, 895–905 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Shimada, M., Yamauchi, K., Minato, T., Ishiguro, H., Itakura, S.: Studying the influence of the chameleon effect on humans using an android. In: Proc. Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 767–772 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Otteson, J.P., Otteson, C.R.: Effects of teacher gaze on children’s story recall. Perceptual and Motor Skills 50, 35–42 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mutlu, B., Forlizzi, J., Hodgins, J.: A Storytelling Robot: Modeling and Evaluation of Human-like Gaze Behavior. In: Proc. IEEE Conf. Humanoids, pp. 518–523 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ham, J., Bokhorst, R., Cabibihan, J.: The influence of gazing and gestures of a storytelling robot on its persuasive power. In: Proc. Intl. Conf. Soc. Robotics (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Chidambaram, V., Chiang, Y.H., Mutlu, B.: Designing Persuasive Robots: How Robots Might Persuade People Using Vocal and Nonverbal Cues. In: Proc. ACM/IEEE Intl. Conf. on HRI, pp. 293–300 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  27. DeSteno, D., Breazeal, C., Frank, R.H., Pizarro, D., Baumann, J., Dickens, L., Lee, J.J.: Detecting the trustworthinness of novel partners in economic exchange. Psychological Science 23, 1549–1556 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hancock, P.A., et al.: A meta-analysis of factors affecting trust in human–robot interaction. Human Factors 53(5), 517–527 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Slater, M., Steed, A.: Meeting People Virtually: Experiments in Shared Virtual Environments. In: Schroeder, R. (ed.) The Social Life of Avatars, pp. 145–171 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  30. van den Brule, R., et al.: Do Robot Performance and Behavioral Style affect Human Trust? A Multi-Method Approach. Int J. of Soc. Robotics (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Zajonc, R.B.: Social Facilitation. Science 149, 269–274 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Markus, H.: The effect of mere presence on social facilitation: an unobtrusive test. Jnl. of Exp. Soc. Psyc. 14(4), 389–397 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Riether, N., Hegel, F., Wrede, B., Horstmann, G.: Social facilitation with social robots? In: Proc. Intl. Conf. on HRI 2012, pp. 41–48 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kleinke, C.L.: Interaction between gaze and legitimacy of request on compliance in a field setting. Jnl. of Nonverbal Behav. 5(1), 3–12 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Stanton, C., Stevens, C.J. (2014). Robot Pressure: The Impact of Robot Eye Gaze and Lifelike Bodily Movements upon Decision-Making and Trust. In: Beetz, M., Johnston, B., Williams, MA. (eds) Social Robotics. ICSR 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8755. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11973-1_34

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11973-1_34

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11972-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11973-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics