Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

Skip to main content

Can People Learn Computer-Mediated Collaboration by Following A Script?

  • Chapter
Scripting Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning

Part of the book series: Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning ((CULS,volume 6))

Abstract

Our central hypothesis is that partners who jointly work on a task in a computer-mediated setting following a collaboration script, can acquire collaborative skills that will help to improve the collaboration in subsequent tasks as well as their outcome. In an experimental study, a collaboration script was provided for a first computer-mediated collaboration in one experimental condition. Meantime, in a different experimental condition, the collaborators observed a model-collaboration. Learning effects of script and model were expected to become evident in the process and outcome of a second, unscripted computer-mediated collaboration. Compared to two control conditions (a condition with unsupported collaboration during the learning phase and a condition without a learning phase) both the script condition and the model condition showed positive effects on process and outcome during the application phase. This leads to the conclusion that collaboration scripts can indeed constitute a promising instructional method to promote collaborative competences and to improve subsequent computer-mediated collaboration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson, A. H., O’Malley, C, Doherty-Sneddon, G., Langton, S., Newlands, A., Mullin, J., et al. (1997). The impact of VMC on collaborative problem solving: An analysis of task performance, communicative process, and user satisfaction. In K. E. Finn, A. J. Sellen & S. Wilbur (Eds.), Video mediated communication (pp. 133–155). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angiolillo, J. S., Blanchard, H. E., Israelski, E. W., & Mane, A. (1997). A Technology constraints of video mediated communications. In K. E. Finn, A. J. Sellen, & S. B. Wilbur (Eds.), Video mediated communications (pp. 51–74). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azmitia, M. (1988). Peer interaction and problem-solving: When are two heads better than one? Child Development, 59, 87–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrows, H. S. (1986). A taxonomy of problem-based learning methods. Medical Education, 20, 481–486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berg, K. F. (1993). Structured cooperative learning and achievement in a high school mathematics class. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Atlanta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruhn, J. (2000). Förderung des kooperativen Lernens über Computernetze: Prozess und Lernerfolg beim dyadischen Lernen mit Desktop-Videokonferenzen. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruhn, J., Fischer, F., Gräsel, C, & Mandl, H. (2000). Kooperatives Lernen mit Mapping-Techniken. In H. Mandl & F. Fischer (Eds.), Wissen sichtbar machen. Wissensmanagement mit Mapping-Techniken (pp. 119–132). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, T., Barrows, H. S., & Crooks, S. M. (1999). Distributed problem-based learning at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. In C. Hoadley & J. Roschelle (Eds.), Proceedings of the Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL) 1999 Conference (pp. 86–94). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. G. (1994). Restructuring the classroom: Conditions for productive small groups. Review of Educational Research, 64(1), 1–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, A., Brown, J. S., & Newman, S. E. (1989). Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the crafts of reading, writing, and mathematics. In L. B. Resnick (Ed.), Knowing, learning, and instruction (pp. 453–494). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dansereau, D. F. (1988). Cooperative learning strategies. In C. E. Weinstein, E. T. Goetz, & P. A. Alexander (Eds.), Learning and study strategies (pp. 103–120). San Diego, CA: Academic Press Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillenbourg, P. (1999). Introduction: What do you mean by “collaborative learning”? In P. Dillenbourg (Ed.), Collaborative learning. Cognitive and computational approaches (pp. 1–19). Amsterdam: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillenbourg, P. (2002). Over-scripting CSCL: The risks of blending collaborative learning with instructional design. In P. A. Kirschner (Ed.), Three worlds of CSCL. Can we support CSCL (pp. 61–91). Heerlen: Open Universiteit Nederland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillenbourg, P., Baker, M, Blaye, A., & O’Malley, C. (1995). The evolution of research on collaborative learning. In P. Reimann & H. Spada (Eds.), Learning in humans and machines: Towards an interdisciplinary learning science (pp. 189–211). Oxford: Elsevier/Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finn, K. E., Sellen, A.J., & Wilbur, S. B. (Eds.) (1997). Video-mediated communication. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greeno, J. G. & the Middle School Mathematics through Applications Project Group. (1998). The situativity of knowing, learning and research. American Psychologist, 53, 5–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hermann, F., Rummel, N., & Spada, H. (2001). Solving the case together: The challenge of net-based interdisciplinary collaboration. In P. Dillenbourg, A. Eurelings, & K. Hakkarainen (Eds.), Proceedings of the First European Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (pp. 293–300). Maastricht: McLuhan Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesse, F. W., Garsoffsky, B., & Hron, A. (1997). Interface-Design für computerunterstütztes kooperatives Lernen. In L. J. Issing & P. Klimsa (Eds.), Information und Lernen mit Multimedia (pp. 253–267). Weinheim: Psychologie Verlags Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hron, A., Hesse F. W., Reinhard, P., & Picard, E. (1997). Strukturierte Kooperation beim computergestützten kollaborativen Lernen. Unterrichtswissenschaft, 25(1), 56–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Köhler, T., & Trimpop, R. (2004). Sehen und gesehen werden: Teleradiologie mittels Desk-top-Videoconferencing. In W. Bungard, B. Koop, & C. Liebig (Eds.), Proceedings zur 3. Tagung der Fachgruppe Arbeits-und Organisationspsychologie. München: Rainer Hampp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kollar, I. (2001). Gewissheits-und Ungewissheitsorientierung beim kooperativen Lernen mit Videokonferenzen-der Einfluss verschiedener Strukturierungsmaßnahmen. Unveröffentlichte Magisterarbeit. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Institut für Empirische Pädagogik und Pädagogische Psychologie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambrigde, UK: Cambrige University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Conaill, B., & Whittaker, S. (1997). Characterizing, predicting and measuring video-mediated communication: A conversational approach. In K. E. Finn, A. J. Sellen, & S. Wilbur (Eds.), Video-mediated communication (pp. 107–131). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell, A. M. (1999). Structuring dyadic interaction through scripted cooperation. In A. M. O’Donnell & A. King (Eds.), Cognitive perspectives on peer learning (pp. 179–196). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell, A. M., & Dansereau, D. F. (1992). Scripted cooperation in student dyads: A method for analyzing and enhancing academic learning and performance. In R. Hertz-Lazarowitz & N. Miller (Eds.), Interaction in cooperative groups. The theoretical anatomy of group learning (pp. 120–141). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palincsar, A. S., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1(2), 117–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfister, H.-R., & Mühlpfordt, M. (2002). Supporting discourse in a synchronous learning environment: The learning protocol approach. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Proceedings of the Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL) 2002 Conference (pp. 581–589). Hills-dale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renkl, A. (2002). Worked-out examples: Instructional explanations supplement self-explanations. Learning and Instruction, 12, 529–556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renkl, A., Atkinson, R. K., Maier, U. H., & Staley, R. (2002). From example study to problem solving: Smooth transitions help learning. Journal of Experimental Education, 70, 293–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renkl, A., Stark, R., Gruber, H., & Mandl, H. (1998). Learning from worked-out examples: The effects of example variability and elicited self-explanations. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 23, 90–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rummel, N., & Spada, H. (2005a). Instructional support for collaboration in desktop video-conference settings: How it can be achieved and assessed. In R. Bromme, F. W. Hesse, & H. Spada (Eds.), Barriers and biases in computer-mediated knowledge communication-and how they may be overcome. Dordrecht, NL: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rummel, N., & Spada, H. (2005b). Learning to collaborate: An instructional approach to promoting problem-solving in computer-mediated settings. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 14(2), 201–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salomon, G. (1993). On the nature of pedagogic computer tools: the case of the Writing Partner. In P. Lajoie & S. J. Derry (Eds.), Computers as cognitive tools (pp. 289–317). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scardamalia, M, & Bereiter, C. (1985). Fostering the development of self-regulation in children’s knowledge processing. In S. F. Chipman, J. W. Segal, & R. Glaser (Eds.), Thinking and learning skills: Research and open questions (pp. 563–577). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slavin, R. E. (1983). When does cooperative learning increase student achievement? Psycho-logical Bulletin, 94, 429–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suthers, D. (2001). Collaborative representations: Supporting face to face and online knowledge-building discourse. Proceedings of the 34 th Hawaii International Conference on the System Sciences (HICSS-34), January 3–6, 2001. Maui, Hawaii (CDROM), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinberger, A., Ertl, B., Fischer, F., & Mandl, H. (2005). Epistemic and social scripts in computer-supported collaborative learning. Instructional Science, 33(1), 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rummel, N., Spada, H. (2007). Can People Learn Computer-Mediated Collaboration by Following A Script?. In: Fischer, F., Kollar, I., Mandl, H., Haake, J.M. (eds) Scripting Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36949-5_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics