Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

Skip to main content

Accountability and Independence of Data Protection Authorities — A Trade-Off?

  • Chapter
Managing Privacy through Accountability

Abstract

This contribution aims to shed light on central features of data protection authorities (DPAs)1 such as their independence and accountability. Since there is little systematic and long-term research on DPAs from a political science perspective, the theoretical foundations of and empirical findings about independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) can help to serve as a template model providing a framework for the analysis of DPAs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Bibliography

  • Bennett, C. and C. Raab. The Governance of Privacy: Policy Instruments in Global Perspective. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibow, J. ‘Reflections on the Current Fashion for Central Bank Independence.’ Cambridge Journal of Economics 28, no. 4 (2004): 549–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bovens, M. ‘Public Accountability.’ In The Oxford Handbook of Public Management, edited by E. Ferlie, L. E. Lynn and C. Pollitt, 182–208. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caporaso, J. A. ‘The European Union and Forms of State: Westphalian, Regulatory or Post Modern?’ JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 34, no. 1 (1996): 29–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cukierman, A., S. B. Web and B. Neyapti. ‘Measuring the Independence of Central Banks and Its Effect on Policy Outcomes.’ The World Bank Economic Review 6, no. 3 (1992): 353–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eijffinger, S. C., M. M. Hoeberichts, and E. Schaling. ‘A Theory of Central Bank Accountability.’ CEPR Discussion Paper (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • EU Directive: ‘Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data.’ Official Journal of the European Communities L 281 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • EU Report: ‘Executive Summary of the Final Draft of the Comparative Legal Study on Assessment of Data Protection Measures and Relevant Institutions.’ In Report: Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA) of the European Union, 2009. Federal Data Protection Act, Germany, 2009 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedewald, M., D. Wright, S. Gutwirth and E. Mordini, ‘Privacy, Data Protection and Emerging Sciences and Technologies: Towards a Common Framework,’ Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 23, no. 1 (2010) pp. 63–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilardi, F. ‘Evaluating Independent Regulators.’ Paper presented at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Designing Independent and Accountable: Regulatory Authorities for High Quality Regulation, Working Party on Regulatory Management and Reform, Proceedings of an Expert Meeting, London, United Kingdom, 2005: 101–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilardi, F. ‘Policy Credibility and Delegation to Independent Regulatory Agencies: A Comparative Empirical Analysis.’ Journal of European Public Policy 9, no. 6 (2002): 873–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutwirth, S., Privacy and the Information Age, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Lanham/Boulder/New York/Oxford, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, A., J. Madison, J. Jay and L. Goldman. The Federalist Papers: Oxford University Press, USA, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hessian Data Protection Act, Hesse (Germany), 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood, C. Regulation inside Government: Waste Watchers, Quality Police, and Sleaze-Busters: Oxford University Press, USA, 1999.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hooghe, L. and G. Marks. Multi-Level Governance and European Integration: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • House of Lords (2004): The Regulatory State: Ensuring Its Accountability, 6th Report, Select Committee on Constitution, available at: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200304/ldselect/ldconst/68/6802.htm, last accessed on 28 May 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hustinx, P. ‘The Role of Data Protection Authorities.’ edited by S. Gutwirth, Y. Poullet, P. Hert, C. Terwangne and S. Nouwt, 131–37. Springer Netherlands, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobzone, S. ‘Independent Regulatory Authorities in Oecd Countries: An Overview.’ Paper presented at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Designing Independent and Accountable: Regulatory Authorities for High Quality Regulation, Working Party on Regulatory Management and Reform, Proceedings of an Expert Meeting, London, United Kingdom, 2005: 72–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 9 March 2010. European Commission V Federal Republic of Germany. Failure of a Member State to Fulfil Obligations–Directive 95/46/EC–Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and the Free Movement of Such Data–Article 28(1)–National Supervisory Authorities–Independence–Administrative Scrutiny of Those Authorities. Case C-518/07.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, J. ‘The Slow Death of the Regulatory State.’ http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2010/06/04/the-slow-death-of-the-regulatory-state/, last accessed on 03 January 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korff, D. and I. Brown. ‘New Challenges to Data Protection.’ European Commission–Directorate-General Justice, Freedom and Security, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maggetti, M. ‘Legitimacy and Accountability of Independent Regulatory Agencies: A Critical Review.’ Living Reviews in Democracy 2 (2010): 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majone, G. ‘Strategy and Structure the Political Economy of Agency Independence and Accountability.’ Paper presented at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Designing Independent and Accountable: Regulatory Authorities for High Quality Regulation, Working Party on Regulatory Management and Reform, Proceedings of an Expert Meeting, London, United Kingdom, 2005: 126–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majone, G. ‘From the Positive to the Regulatory State: Causes and Consequences of Changes in the Mode of Governance.’ Journal of Public Policy 17, no. 2 (1997): 139–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majone, G. Regulating Europe. London; New York: Routledge, 1996.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Majone, G. ‘The Rise of the Regulatory State in Europe.’ West European Politics 17, no. 3 (1994): 77–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer-Schönberger, V. ‘Generational Development of Data Protection in Europe.’ Technology and Privacy: The New Landscape (1997): 219–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier, K. J. and J. Bohte. Politics and the Bureaucracy: Policymaking in the Fourth Branch of Government: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moe, T. M. ‘Interests, Institutions, and Positive Theory: The Politics of the Nlrb.’ Studies in American Political Development 2, no. 1 (1987): 236–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moe, T. M. ‘The New Economics of Organization.’ American Journal of Political Science 28, no. 4 (1984): 739–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moe, T. M. ‘Political Institutions: The Neglected Side of the Story.’ Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 6, no. special issue (1990): 213–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quintyn, M. ‘Independent Agencies: More than a Cheap Copy of Independent Central Banks?’ Constitutional Political Economy 20, no. 3 (2009): 267–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quintyn, M., E. Huepkes and M. Taylor. ‘The Accountability of Financial Sector Supervisors: Principles and Practice.’ IMF Working Paper, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quintyn, M., and M. W. Taylor. ‘Robust Regulators and Their Political Masters: Independence and Accountability in Theory.’ In Designing Financial Supervision Institutions: Independence, Accountability and Governance, edited by D. Masciandaro and M. Quintyn, 3–40. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simitis, S. ‘From the Market to the Polis: The EU Directive on the Protection of Personal Data.’ Iowa Law Review 80 (1994): 445–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thatcher, M. ‘Independent Regulatory Agencies and Elected Politicians in Europe.’ Paper presented at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Designing Independent and Accountable: Regulatory Authorities for High Quality Regulation, Working Party on Regulatory Management and Reform, Proceedings of an Expert Meeting, London, United Kingdom, 2005: 202–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thatcher, M. ‘Regulation after Delegation: Independent Regulatory Agencies in Europe.’ Journal of European Public Policy 9, no. 6 (2002): 954–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. Vol. 1. New York: Bantam Books, 2000.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wilks, S. and I. Bartle. ‘The Unanticipated Consequences of Creating Independent Competition Agencies.’ West European Politics 25, no. 1 (2002): 148–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2012 Philip Schütz

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schütz, P. (2012). Accountability and Independence of Data Protection Authorities — A Trade-Off?. In: Guagnin, D., Hempel, L., Ilten, C., Kroener, I., Neyland, D., Postigo, H. (eds) Managing Privacy through Accountability. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137032225_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics