Abstract
Users want websites to deliver rich content quickly. However, rich content often comes from separate subdomains and requires additional DNS lookups, which negatively impact web performance metrics such as First Meaningful Paint Time, Page Load Time, and the Speed Index. In this paper we investigate the impact of DNS lookups on web performance and propose Multi-Resolution DNS (MR-DNS) to reduce DNS resolutions through response batching. Our results show that MR-DNS has the potential to improve Page Load Time around 14% on average, Speed Index around 10% on average and reduce DNS traffic around 50%. We also discuss how these gains may be realized in practice through incremental changes to DNS infrastructure.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Almeida, M., Finamore, A., Perino, D., Vallina-Rodriguez, N., Varvello, M.: Dissecting DNS stakeholders in mobile networks. In: CoNEXT, December 2017
Bocchi, E., De Cicco, L., Rossi, D.: Measuring the quality of experience of web users. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 46, 8–13 (2016)
Butler, J., Lee, W.H., McQuade, B., Mixter, K.: A proposal for shared dictionary compression over HTTP, September 2008
Chowdaiah, P.: Method to pre-fetch domain names at HTTP proxy servers, September 2018
Developers, A.: The top 500 sites on the web. https://www.alexa.com/topsites
Developers, G.: Pre-resolve DNS, December 2016. https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/service/PreResolveDns
Developers, G.: First Meaningful Paint, May 2019. https://developers.google.com/web/tools/lighthouse/audits/first-meaningful-paint
Developers, G.: Tools for web Developers: Lighthouse, May 2019. https://developers.google.com/web/tools/lighthouse/
Goel, U., Wittie, M.P., Steiner, M.: Faster web through client-assisted CDN server selection. In: ICCCN, August 2015
Goel, U., Steiner, M., Na, W., Wittie, M.P., Flack, M., Ludin, S.: Are 3rd parties slowing down the mobile web? In: S3@MobiCom (2016)
da Hora, D., Rossi, D., Christophides, V., Teixeira, R.: A practical method for measuring web above-the-fold time. In: SIGCOMM, August 2018
Hoßfeld, T., Metzger, F., Rossi, D.: Speed index: relating the industrial standard for user perceived web performance to web QoE. In: QoMEX, May 2018
Kurose, J.F., Ross, K.W.: Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 6th edn. (2012)
Meenan, P.: How fast is your web site? Queue, March 2013
Netravali, R.A.: Understanding and improving web page load times on modern networks, February 2015
Park, K., Pai, V.S., Peterson, L., Wang, Z.: CoDNS: improving DNS performance and reliability via cooperative lookups. In: OSDI, December 2004
Peters, A., Kayan, S.: CDN Finder tool (2019). https://www.cdnplanet.com/tools/cdnfinder/. Accessed 28 April 2019
Saverimoutou, A., Mathieu, B., Vaton, S.: Web browsing measurements: an above-the-fold browser-based technique, July 2018
Shang, H., Wills, C.E.: Piggybacking related domain names to improve DNS performance. Comput. Netw. 50, 1733–1748 (2006)
Shroff, P.H., Chaudhary, S.R.: Critical rendering path optimizations to reduce the web page loading time. In: I2CT, April 2017
Vulimiri, A., Godfrey, P.B., Mittal, R., Sherry, J., Ratnasamy, S., Shenker, S.: Low latency via redundancy. In: CoNEXT, December 2013
Wang, X.S., Balasubramanian, A., Krishnamurthy, A., Wetherall, D.: Demystifying page load performance with WProf. In: NSDI, April 2013
WebPagetest: WebPagetest Documentation: Speed Index, April 2012. https://sites.google.com/a/webpagetest.org/docs/using-webpagetest/metrics/speed-index
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Utkarsh Goel for his helpful insights on the ideas and mechanisms presented in this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rahman, S., Wittie, M.P. (2019). MR-DNS: Multi-resolution Domain Name System. In: Montella, R., Ciaramella, A., Fortino, G., Guerrieri, A., Liotta, A. (eds) Internet and Distributed Computing Systems . IDCS 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11874. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34914-1_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34914-1_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-34913-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-34914-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)