Abstract
Heart valve prostheses have been used successfully since 1960. As stated by Roberts [1] the 1960s will probably be remembered most in the annals of cardiology as the decade during which cardiac valve replacement became a successful reality. Of the more than 50 different cardiac valves introduced over the past 25 years, many have been discarded due to their lack of success, and of those remaining several modifications have been made or are being made at the time of this writing. The five most commonly used basic types of prosthetic valves at present are: caged ball, caged disc, tilting disc, bi-leaflet and bio-prostheses. At present over 75 000 prosthetic valves of different designs are used annually throughout the world. Even after 25 years of experience the problems associated with heart valve prostheses have not been totally eliminated. The most serious problems and complications associated with heart valve prostheses are: thromboembolism, tissue overgrowth, infection, tearing of sewing sutures, red cell destruction (haemolysis), valve failure due to material fatigue or chemical change, damage to the endothelial tissue lining of the vessel wall adjacent to the valve and leaks caused by failure of the valve to close properly. Thromboembolism, tissue overgrowth, red cell destruction and endothelial damage are directly related to the fluid dynamics associated with the various prosthetic heart valves and need to be addressed in more detail by investigators studying biofluid mechanics. The other problems are indirectly related to fluid mechanics. Problems relating to valve failure due to material fatigue or chemical change also need to be studied, especially in relation to bioprostheses.
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© 1992 Springer-Verlag London Limited
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Yoganathan, A.P., Reul, H., Black, M.M. (1992). Heart Valve Replacements: Problems and Developments. In: Hastings, G.W. (eds) Cardiovascular Biomaterials. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1847-3_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1847-3_5
Publisher Name: Springer, London
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