Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Epidemiology and Population Health

Subcutaneous fat mass in infancy and abdominal, pericardial and liver fat assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging at the age of 10 years

  • Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Obesity Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background/Objectives

Fat mass development in infancy contributes to later adiposity, but its relation to ectopic fat depots is unknown. We examined the associations of infant subcutaneous fat with childhood general and organ-specific fat.

Subjects/Methods

Among 593 children from a population-based prospective cohort study, we obtained total subcutaneous fat mass (as sum of biceps, triceps, suprailiacal, and subscapular skinfolds thickness), central-to-total subcutaneous fat ratio (sum of suprailiacal and subscapular skinfold thickness/total subcutaneous fat) at 1.5, 6 and 24 months of age. At 10 years, we assessed BMI, fat mass index (FMI) based on total body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and abdominal subcutaneous, visceral and pericardial fat mass indices, and liver fat fraction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Results

A higher central-to-total subcutaneous fat ratio at 1.5 months only and higher total subcutaneous fat at 6 and 24 months were associated with higher BMI, FMI and subcutaneous fat mass index at 10 years. The observed associations were the strongest between total subcutaneous fat at 24 months and these childhood outcomes (difference per 1-SDS increase in total subcutaneous fat: 0.15 SDS (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.08, 0.23), 0.17 SDS (95% CI 0.10, 0.24), 0.16 SDS (95% CI 0.08, 0.23) for BMI, FMI and childhood subcutaneous fat mass index, respectively). Infant subcutaneous fat measures at any time point were not associated with visceral and pericardial fat mass indices, and liver fat fraction at 10 years.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that infant subcutaneous fat is associated with later childhood abdominal subcutaneous fat and general adiposity, but not with other organ-specific fat depots.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Guo SS, Chumlea WC. Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:145S–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Rolland-Cachera MF, Deheeger M, Guilloud-Bataille M, Avons P, Patois E, Sempe M. Tracking the development of adiposity from one month of age to adulthood. Ann Hum Biol. 1987;14:219–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kuzawa CW. Adipose tissue in human infancy and childhood: an evolutionary perspective. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1998;Suppl 27:177–209.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Budge H, Sebert S, Sharkey D, Symonds ME. Session on ‘obesity’. adipose tissue development, nutrition in early life and its impact on later obesity. Proc Nutr Soc. 2009;68:321–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Berry DC, Stenesen D, Zeve D, Graff JM. The developmental origins of adipose tissue. Development. 2013;140:3939–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Baird J, Fisher D, Lucas P, Kleijnen J, Roberts H, Law C. Being big or growing fast: systematic review of size and growth in infancy and later obesity. BMJ. 2005;331:929.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Gishti O, Gaillard R, Manniesing R, Abrahamse-Berkeveld M, van der Beek EM, Heppe DH, et al. Fetal and infant growth patterns associated with total and abdominal fat distribution in school-age children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:2557–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Perng W, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kramer MS, Haugaard LK, Oken E, Gillman MW, et al. Early weight gain, linear growth, and mid-childhood blood pressure: a prospective study in project viva. Hypertension. 2016;67:301–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Demerath EW, Schubert CM, Maynard LM, Sun SS, Chumlea WC, Pickoff A, et al. Do changes in body mass index percentile reflect changes in body composition in children? Data from the Fels Longitudinal Study. Pediatrics. 2006;117:e487–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Despres JP. Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update. Circulation. 2012;126:1301–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Britton KA, Fox CS. Ectopic fat depots and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2011;124:e837–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Wells JC, Chomtho S, Fewtrell MS. Programming of body composition by early growth and nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc. 2007;66:423–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Santos S, Gaillard R, Oliveira A, Barros H, Abrahamse-Berkeveld M, van der Beek EM, et al. Associations of infant subcutaneous fat mass with total and abdominal fat mass at school-age: The Generation R Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2016;30:511–20.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Santos S, Gaillard R, Oliveira A, Barros H, Hofman A, Franco OH, et al. Subcutaneous fat mass in infancy and cardiovascular risk factors at school-age: The generation R study. Obes (Silver Spring). 2016;24:424–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lim S, Meigs JB. Ectopic fat and cardiometabolic and vascular risk. Int J Cardiol. 2013;169:166–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kooijman MN, Kruithof CJ, van Duijn CM, Duijts L, Franco OH, van IMH, et al. The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2017. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016;31:1243–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ay L, Hokken-Koelega AC, Mook-Kanamori DO, Hofman A, Moll HA, Mackenbach JP, et al. Tracking and determinants of subcutaneous fat mass in early childhood: the Generation R Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32:1050–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ketel IJ, Volman MN, Seidell JC, Stehouwer CD, Twisk JW, Lambalk CB. Superiority of skinfold measurements and waist over waist-to-hip ratio for determination of body fat distribution in a population-based cohort of Caucasian Dutch adults. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;156:655–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Freedman DS, Wang J, Ogden CL, Thornton JC, Mei Z, Pierson RN, et al. The prediction of body fatness by BMI and skinfold thicknesses among children and adolescents. Ann Hum Biol. 2007;34:183–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Wells JC, Cole TJ. steam As. Adjustment of fat-free mass and fat mass for height in children aged 8 y. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26:947–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Fredriks AM, van Buuren S, Wit JM, Verloove-Vanhorick SP. Body index measurements in 1996-7 compared with 1980. Arch Dis Child. 2000;82:107–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Hu H, Nayak K, Goran M. Assessment of abdominal adipose tissue and organ fat content by magnetic resonance imaging. Obes Rev. 2011;12:e504–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Shuster A, Patlas M, Pinthus J, Mourtzakis M. The clinical importance of visceral adiposity: a critical review of methods for visceral adipose tissue analysis. Br J Radiol. 2012;85:1–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Thomas E, Fitzpatrick J, Malik S, Taylor-Robinson S, Bell J. Whole body fat: content and distribution. Progress Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc. 2013;73:56–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mitra S, Fernandez-Del-Valle M, Hill J. The role of MRI in understanding the underlying mechanisms in obesity associated diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016;1863:1115–31.

  26. Langeslag S, Schmidt M, Ghassabian A, Jaddoe V, Hofman A, van der Lugt A, et al. Functional connectivity between parietal and frontal brain regions and intelligence in young children: The Generation R Study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2013;34:3299–307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Reeder SB, Cruite I, Hamilton G, Sirlin CB. Quantitative assessment of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011;34:729–49.

  28. Keijzer-Veen MG, Euser AM, van Montfoort N, Dekker FW, Vandenbroucke JP, Van Houwelingen HC. A regression model with unexplained residuals was preferred in the analysis of the fetal origins of adult diseases hypothesis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005;58:1320–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jones A, Charakida M, Falaschetti E, Hingorani AD, Finer N, Masi S, et al. Adipose and height growth through childhood and blood pressure status in a large prospective cohort study. Hypertension. 2012;59:919–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Vogelezang S, Gishti O, Felix JF, van der Beek EM, Abrahamse-Berkeveld M, Hofman A, et al. Tracking of abdominal subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat mass during childhood. The Generation R Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2016;40:595–600.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gishti O, Gaillard R, Durmus B, Abrahamse M, van der Beek EM, Hofman A, et al. BMI, total and abdominal fat distribution, and cardiovascular risk factors in school-age children. Pediatr Res. 2015;77:710–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Abraham TM, Pedley A, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Fox CS. Association between visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots and incident cardiovascular disease risk factors. Circulation. 2015;132:1639–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Sandboge S, Perala MM, Salonen MK, Blomstedt PA, Osmond C, Kajantie E, et al. Early growth and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adulthood-the NAFLD liver fat score and equation applied on the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Ann Med. 2013;45:430–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Breij LM, Kerkhof GF, Hokken-Koelega AC. Accelerated infant weight gain and risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in early adulthood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:1189–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Anderson EL, Howe LD, Fraser A, Callaway MP, Sattar N, Day C, et al. Weight trajectories through infancy and childhood and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescence: the ALSPAC study. J Hepatol. 2014;61:626–32.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Ayonrinde OT, Olynyk JK, Marsh JA, Beilin LJ, Mori TA, Oddy WH, et al. Childhood adiposity trajectories and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;30:163–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kindblom JM, Lorentzon M, Hellqvist A, Lonn L, Brandberg J, Nilsson S, et al. BMI changes during childhood and adolescence as predictors of amount of adult subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in men: the GOOD Study. Diabetes. 2009;58:867–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Demerath EW, Reed D, Choh AC, Soloway L, Lee M, Czerwinski SA, et al. Rapid postnatal weight gain and visceral adiposity in adulthood: the Fels Longitudinal Study. Obes (Silver Spring). 2009;17:2060–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Gonzalez DA, Nazmi A, Victora CG. Growth from birth to adulthood and abdominal obesity in a Brazilian birth cohort. Int J Obes (Lond). 2010;34:195–202.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kuh D, Hardy R, Chaturvedi N, Wadsworth ME. Birth weight, childhood growth and abdominal obesity in adult life. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26:40–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. McCarthy A, Hughes R, Tilling K, Davies D, Smith GD, Ben-Shlomo Y. Birth weight; postnatal, infant, and childhood growth; and obesity in young adulthood: evidence from the Barry Caerphilly Growth Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:907–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Samara A, Ventura EE, Alfadda AA, Goran MI. Use of MRI and CT for fat imaging in children and youth: what have we learned about obesity, fat distribution and metabolic disease risk? Obes Rev. 2012;13:723–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of general practitioners, hospitals, midwives, and pharmacies in Rotterdam.

Funding

The general design of the Generation R Study is made possible by financial support from the Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport and Ministry of Youth and Families. Research that has leaded to these findings received support by a grant from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (VIDI 016.136.361), a European Research Council Consolidator Grant (ERC-2014-CoG-648916), an unrestricted grant from Nutricia Research and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements no 733206 (LifeCycle). Bernadeta Patro Golab received a research training fellowship grant from the Nestle Nutrition Institute.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Bernadeta Patro Golab, Ellis Voerman, Susana Santos & Vincent W. V. Jaddoe

  2. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Bernadeta Patro Golab, Ellis Voerman, Susana Santos & Vincent W. V. Jaddoe

  3. Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Bernadeta Patro Golab, Ellis Voerman, Susana Santos & Vincent W. V. Jaddoe

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

    Bernadeta Patro Golab

  5. Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Aad van der Lugt

Authors
  1. Bernadeta Patro Golab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ellis Voerman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aad van der Lugt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Susana Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vincent W. V. Jaddoe.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Patro Golab, B., Voerman, E., van der Lugt, A. et al. Subcutaneous fat mass in infancy and abdominal, pericardial and liver fat assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging at the age of 10 years. Int J Obes 43, 392–401 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0287-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0287-7

  • Springer Nature Limited

This article is cited by

Search

Navigation