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Magnetite induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung epithelial cells

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An Erratum to this article was published on 08 March 2013

Abstract

There is an ongoing concern regarding the biocompatibility of nanoparticles with sizes less than 100 nm as compared to larger particles of the same nominal substance. In this study, we investigated the toxic properties of magnetite stabilized with polyacrylate sodium. The magnetite was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, and the mean particle diameter was calculated using the Scherrer formula and was found to be 9.3 nm. In this study, we treated lung epithelial cells with different concentrations of magnetite and investigated their effects on oxidative stress and cell proliferation. Our data showed an inhibition of cell proliferation in magnetite-treated cells with a significant dose-dependent activation and induction of reactive oxygen species. Also, we observed a depletion of antioxidants, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase, respectively, as compared with control cells. In addition, apoptotic-related protease/enzyme such as caspase-3 and -8 activities, were increased in a dose-dependent manner with corresponding increased levels of DNA fragmentation in magnetite-treated cells compared to than control cells. Together, the present study reveals that magnetite exposure induces oxidative stress and depletes antioxidant levels in the cells to stimulate apoptotic pathway for cell death.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by NIH funding NIH 1P20MD001822-1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Biomedical Sciences, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, 23504, USA

    Prabakaran Ravichandran, Ramya Gopikrishnan, Santhoshkumar Biradar, Virupaxi Goornavar, Govindarajan T. Ramesh & Joseph C. Hall

  2. Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology & Biomedical Sciences, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, 23504, USA

    Vani Ramesh, Clinton L. Copeland & Joseph C. Hall

Authors
  1. Vani Ramesh
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  2. Prabakaran Ravichandran
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  3. Clinton L. Copeland
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  4. Ramya Gopikrishnan
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  6. Virupaxi Goornavar
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  7. Govindarajan T. Ramesh
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Correspondence to Joseph C. Hall.

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An erratum to this article can be found online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-013-1596-8.

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Ramesh, V., Ravichandran, P., Copeland, C.L. et al. Magnetite induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 363, 225–234 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-011-1174-x

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