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CD4+ T Cell Epitope Discovery and Rational Vaccine Design

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  • Published:
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

Abstract

T cell epitope-driven vaccine design employs bioinformatic algorithms to identify potential targets of vaccines against infectious diseases or cancer. Potential epitopes can be identified with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-binding algorithms, and the ability to bind to MHC class I or class II indicates a predominantly CD4+ or CD8+ T cell response. Furthermore, an epitope-based vaccine can circumvent evolutionary events favoring immune escape present in native proteins from pathogens. It can also focus on only the most relevant epitopes (i.e. conserved and promiscuous) recognized by the majority of the target population. Mounting evidence points to the critical role of CD4+ T cells in natural antigen encounter and active immunization. In this paper the need for CD4+ T cell help in vaccine development, the selection of CD4+ T cell epitopes for an epitope-based vaccine, and how the approach can be used to induce a protective effect are reviewed.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq), the São Paulo State Research Funding Agency (FAPESP), International Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), the Ministry of Health (Brazil), and the National Institutes of Health/NIAID (grant number R03 AI 66961-03).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Daniela Santoro Rosa, Susan Pereira Ribeiro & Edecio Cunha-Neto

  2. Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Edecio Cunha-Neto

  3. Institute for Investigation in Immunology-INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Daniela Santoro Rosa, Susan Pereira Ribeiro & Edecio Cunha-Neto

  4. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, LIM60, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 3209, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil

    Edecio Cunha-Neto

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  1. Daniela Santoro Rosa
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  2. Susan Pereira Ribeiro
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Correspondence to Edecio Cunha-Neto.

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Rosa, D.S., Ribeiro, S.P. & Cunha-Neto, E. CD4+ T Cell Epitope Discovery and Rational Vaccine Design. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 58, 121–130 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-010-0067-0

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