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Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in many cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

  • Developmental Biology/Morphogenesis
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Summary

Embryogenic callus was formed from several cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) when sections of hypocotyl and cotyledon were cultured on medium supplemented with 5 mg/liter 6-(γ, γ-dimethylallyl-amino)-purine (2iP) and 0.1 mg/liter α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for callus initiation and proliferation, and subcultured on medium supplemented with 5 mg/liter NAA and 0.1 to 1 mg/liter 2iP for embryogenic callus induction. It seems that a high 2iP:auxin ratio is preferred for callus initiation and proliferation, but should be exchanged with a higher NAA:cytokinin ratio before differentiation will occur. Embryogenic calluses were recovered at a frequency of 2 to 85% depending on the cultivar used. Coker cultivars produced embryogenic callus faster and at higher frequencies than other cultivars. Embryogenic callus produced somatic embryos on phytohormone-free medium. This medium was used to maintain and proliferate embryogenic callus for a perid of 18 to 24 mo. Somatic embryos were converted to plants on a lower ionic strength medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/liter gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.01 mg/liter NAA. Glucose was the only carbohydrate used through all phases of tissue culture and was much better than sucrose, on which phenolic production was very high. High temperature (30° C) and low light intensity (9 µE · m−2 · s−1) were optimal conditions for callus initiation, embryogenic callus induction, and maintenance, whereas lower temperature (25° C) and high light intensity (90 µE · m−2 s−1) were the optimal conditions for somatic embryo maturation, germination, and plantlet development. Plants could be regenerated within 10 to 12 wk in Cokers or 7 to 8 mo. in others.

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Author notes

  1. E. Firoozabady

    Present address: DNA Plant Technology Corporation, 6701 San Pablo Avenue, 94608, Oakland, California

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agrigenetics Company, 5649 E. Buckeye Road, 53716, Madison, Wisconsin

    E. Firoozabady & D. L. DeBoer

Authors
  1. E. Firoozabady
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  2. D. L. DeBoer
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Firoozabady, E., DeBoer, D.L. Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in many cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol - Plant 29, 166–173 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02632030

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02632030

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